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双语推荐：主锚碇

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锚碇是支承主缆、保证桥梁主体结构受力稳定的重要部位,为保证桥梁安全,锚碇应具有足够的稳定性和力学特性。签于锚碇在悬索桥中的重要性,以重庆长寿长江二桥北锚碇基础为例,通过验算其稳定性以及利用Abaqus3D进行数值模拟,分析锚碇各施工阶段下的应力状态。结果表明锚碇基础稳定性和压应力满足要求,局部地方出现应力集中和拉应力,应对其进行设计优化处理。锚碇基础的验算和分析结果为重力式混凝土锚碇的合理设计和施工提供有益的参考依据。
The anchorage is the essential part of supporting the main cable to ensure the stability of the whole structure of the main bridge. In order to ensure the safety of bridges, anchor should have enough stability and mechanical properties. In view of the importance to anchor in suspension bridge, this paper analyze the an-chorage stress state of each construction stage based on the North Anchorage of the Second Bridge of Chang-shou Yangtze River in Chongqing and through the calculation of its stability and numerical simulation by using Abaqus3D. Examples show that the anchorage stability and compressive stress meet the requirements, but the locals appear stress concentration and stress, which should carry out the design optimization. The calculation and analysis of the anchor provides useful reference for reasonable design and construction for anchorage with gravity concrete.

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文章介绍了在V型峡谷地形地质条件下结合工程实际情况,设计重庆茶林坪乌江大桥拱肋安装施工方案时取消了缆索系统塔架并优化了后锚碇体系,形成了无塔缆索吊机总体布置与锚索式主锚碇体系,阐述了锚梁与锚索式主锚碇锚索结构形式,总结了预应力锚索锚固技术的设计与施工关键技术。
Based on the engineering condition of Wujiang River Bridge in Chalinping, which is a V-shaped valley, the construction plan is adjusted by canceling the tower frame of cable system and optimizing back anchorage system to establish non-tower cable crane layout and anchorage-cable system. The structural form of anchorage beam and main anchorage cable is elaborated and the design and key construction techniques of pre-stressed anchor-age-cable fixation technology are summarized.

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莫桑比克马普托（Maputo）大桥主桥为单跨680m悬索桥,为确定马普托大桥锚碇基础方案,依据大桥桥位处的地质和水文情况,以及重力式锚碇的结构受力特点,针对锚碇基础基底持力层选择、施工工艺的适用性、技术可行性、经济性、合理性,分别对沉井基础和地下连续墙基础进行研究。研究结果表明：采用地下连续墙基础,施工期间可以避免由于地质情况变化带来的风险,如翻砂、突涌等;可以严格控制锚碇基础施工过程中对周围土体造成的沉降,最大限度地减少对周围铁路正常运营的影响。在确定地下连续墙基础形式后,针对施工过程中的突涌问题,对深地下连续墙和浅地下连续墙＋灌浆帷幕＋深井抽排水降低水头方案进行研究。研究结果表明：采用深地下连续墙基础,投入设备相对单一,施工工艺、工序简单,施工工效相对较高,施工工期较短,工期可控,应为马普托大桥合理的锚碇基础方案。
The main bridge of Maputo Bridge in Mozambique is a suspension bridge with a sin‐gle span of 680 m .In order to make a rational anchor foundation scheme ,the types of caisson foundation and underground diaphragm wall were studied in accordance with the geological and hydrological condition at the bridge site and the load bearing characteristics of gravity anchor .I‐tems such as the selection of the base bearing stratum for the anchor foundation ,feasibility of the construction techniques and the applicability ,economic performance and rationality of the tech‐niques were also taken into account in the study .The results of the study indicate that the adapta‐tion of the underground diaphragm wall foundation is able to avoid the risks induced by variation of geological condition ,such as quicksand and heavy‐piping ,and is possible to strictly control the surrounding soil settlement during the construction process of anchor foundation and reduce the in‐fluence of the constr

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马鞍山长江公路大桥左汊主桥为(360+2×1 080+360)m三塔两跨悬索桥,中塔墩位处水深、冲刷深度大,通过比较选择了3.0m钻孔桩方案,该方案大直径钻孔桩受力较合理,桩数相对较少,水上施工时间也较短;南、北边塔墩位于主槽两侧边滩,处于浅水或无水区域,通过比较选择了2.5m钻孔桩方案,该方案较为经济、简单易行;通过比较沉井和地下连续墙方案,南、北锚碇基础均选择了施工工艺成熟、经济性较好的沉井方案。经设计验算,各塔墩的桩基础和锚碇的沉井基础的强度、刚度和稳定性均满足要求。
The left main bridge of Maanshan Changjiang River Highway Bridge is a three-tower two -span suspension bridge with span arrangement of (360 + 2 × 1 080 + 360) m .The in-terme-diate tower columns stand in the region where the water is deep and the scour depth is great ,hence ,the bored piles that are 3 .0 m in diameter are chosen for the foundation through scheme comparison and selection .The foundation of the bored piles is characterized by its rational load distribution ,relatively small number of piles and short over-water construction time .The piers of the south and north towers stand respectively on the two shores of the main navigation channel and located in shallow water or land areas ,by scheme comparison and selection , the bored piles of 2 .5 m in diameter are chosen for the foundation .This scheme is economic ,simple and applicable .Through the comparison of the caisson and diaphragms ,the foundations of the south and north anchors adopt the caisson scheme due to its mature

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自锚式悬索桥造型美观，且不需要庞大的锚碇。其将主缆锚固于加劲梁上，受力发生了极大的变化。因此，研究自锚式悬索桥的可靠性十分必要。采用 BP 神经网络法拟合可靠度计算的极限状态函数，引入粒子群算法优化神经网络法的初始权值，实现函数拟合的双优化，新算法则利用 MATLAB 编程实现。极限状态函数显化后，结合蒙特卡洛法计算自锚式悬索桥在正常使用极限状态下的可靠度。
The self-anchored suspension bridge has the adva-ntages of beautiful appearance, and does not need huge anchor. The main cable is anchored in the stiffening girder, its stress changed. Therefore, study on the reliability of self-anchored suspension bridge is very necessary. Using BP neural networ-k method to fit the reliability calculation of the limit state func-tion, bringing in the initial weight of particle swarm optimiza-tion neural network method, realize the dual optimization func-tion fit ing, a new algorithm using MATLAB programming. To manifest the limit state function, calculate the self-anchored suspension bridge in reliability under serviceability limit states with Monte Carlo method.

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悬索桥因其主缆受拉力,材料利用效率高,己成为特大跨度桥梁的首选桥型。悬索桥尤其是大跨悬索桥的柔性特点,使其线形易受到施工现场条件、临时设施和环境温度的影响,因此主缆设计是悬索桥合理设计的关键。本文将以白鹤滩电站三滩悬索钢桥工程为例,从跨度、矢跨比、锚碇位置、主缆截面等方面对主缆设计进行介绍。
Because of the main cable of suspension bridge is tensioned, and its material is utilized efficiently, it has become the preferred type of large span bridge. Suspension bridges es-pecial y flexible characteristics of long-span suspension bridge, the linear easily affected by the construction site conditions, te-mporary facilities and environment temperature, so the main c-able design is the key to the rational design of suspension br-idge. This paper wil take Baihetan hydropower station three beach self-anchored suspension bridge project as an example, introduces the main cable design from the aspects of span, ris-e-span ratio, anchor position and the main cable section.

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查考大桥(Puente Chacao)位于智利南部,连接智利本土和奇洛埃岛,由智利公共工程部面向国际招标,采用EPC模式建设。中国一家联合体提交的投标方案为(216+1 045+1 190+319)m的三塔两跨连续钢箱梁悬索桥。为了满足招标文件对工程功能及施工工期的要求,对各重要的施工分项经过方案比选后确定:桥塔均采用混凝土塔,塔柱采用液压爬模分节段现浇;南塔和中塔桥塔基础采用扩大基础,北塔采用钻孔灌注桩基础,南、北锚碇均采用重力式锚碇,基坑采用分台阶明挖;加劲梁采用钢箱梁,在国内加工完成后节段整体海运至桥位,采用跨缆吊机吊装架设;主桥设2根主缆,采用PPWS法架设。
Chacao bridge is located in the south of Chile ,linking the mainland and Chiloe Is-land .The tender conducted by Chile′s Department of Public Works is for companies worldwide , and the project will adopt EPC mode . A consortium from China proposed a scheme of (216 +1 045+1 190+319)m three-tower two-span continuous steel box girder suspension bridge .To ac-commodate functions of the project and the construction schedule prescribed in the tender docu-ments ,the solutions for each key construction items were determined through scheme comparison and selection .All the towers are concrete towers ,the columns of which are cast in situ in sections by hydraulic climbing formwork .Spread foundations are chosen for the south and intermediate towers ,and the bored pile foundation for the north tower .The south and north anchor blocks are of gravity type ,foundation pits of which are to be excavated in steps .The stiffening girder adopts steel box girder ,w hich is to be fabricated in C

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南京长江第四大桥主桥为主跨1418 m的双塔三跨悬索桥，全桥设置2幅猫道作为主缆施工平台，在主缆主要施工作业完成后需拆除猫道。猫道按照猫道面层、变位钢架、猫道索顺序拆除。猫道面层先采用卷扬机拆除门架处型钢横梁，然后由塔顶向中跨跨中和锚碇方向，边、中跨同步拆除底网和侧网。面层拆除后，用塔吊或汽车吊拆除塔顶两侧和锚碇前方的变位钢架。猫道索拆除按照猫道承载索、扶手索、门架承重索的顺序进行，内侧猫道索下放至主缆内侧钢桥面上拆除，外侧猫道索下放至吊索外桥面检修道上拆除。拆除的猫道索采用收绳架分段收绳、上盘后运输至后场存放。
The main bridge of the Fourth Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge is a two‐tower three‐span suspension bridge with a main span of 1 418 m .Two sets of catwalks were erected as the construction platforms for main cables ,and dismantled after the primary construction contents of the main cables w ere finished .T he demolition of the catw alks follow ed the sequence of floors , profile‐shifted steel frames and catwalk cables .When the catwalk floors were dismantled ,winches were used first to remove the sectional steel cross beams at the portal frames ,then the demolition was proceeded from the tower tops to the midspan of the central span and to the anchor blocks , and the base screen and side screens were dismantled simultaneously .After the floors were re‐moved ,the profile‐shifted steel frames located at the two sides of the tower tops and in front of the anchor blocks were dismantled using lifting towers or truck cranes .The catwalk cables were dis‐mantled following the s

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大连南部滨海大道工程主桥为海上三跨地锚式悬索桥，两个锚碇的基础均采用超大沉箱结构，单个沉箱尺寸为72m×47m×17m（包括趾），重量约26000t，为目前国内最大的沉箱。通过优化设计，物模试验，现场实际操作等方法，形成了超大沉箱设计、预制、出运、安装等一系列的关键技术成果。超大沉箱施工技术不仅是一个量的突破，更是一个思路的创新，对类似工程具有借鉴意义。
The main bridge on the coastal road in Southern Dalian is a ground-anchored three-span suspension bridge with two anchor foundations being built of large caissons. Each caisson is 72 mí47 mí17 m(including the toes),weighing about 26 000 t,and is currently the largest caisson built in China. By optimizing the designs,physical model testing,and actual operation on site,a set of key technologies for design,prefabrication,shipment,and installation of very large caissons were developed, which are not only a breakthrough in quantity but also an idea innovation, providing reference for similar projects.

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根据武汉鹦鹉洲长江大桥北锚碇大型圆形沉井结构特点与工程地质条件，结合施工现场沉降监测控制点的实测数据，采用大型有限元计算程序ADINA建立了三维计算模型，对沉井结构及其周围的地下连续防护墙进行了有限元分析，分析了沉井在下沉与封底过程中其结构自身的应力分布与变形情况，并探索了沉井在下沉过程中对周边邻近高层建筑与堤岸构筑物的影响。计算研究结果表明：沉井外围的地下连续防护墙主应力会随沉井的下沉而相应地增加，在沉井封底后其变形主要出现在上部和底部；而沉井在下沉过程中其结构底部的刃脚、十字隔墙、十字隔墙与环形井壁结合处均会出现较大拉应力；沉井的周边土体沉降量会随下沉深度而相应地增大。在沉井封底完成后测点的沉降理论计算值与实际监测值比较吻合，一般计算值较监测值稍小：二者的差值在邻近高层建筑的沉降控制测点为-1.22～-0.88 mm；而在附近的长江大堤处的关键测点为-1.27～0.64 mm。该计算模型对锚碇沉井下沉过程的沉降控制具有参考作用。
Given the structural features and engineering geological conditions of north anchorage large cylindrical caisson of Wuhan Parrot Cay Yangtze River bridges, combining with in-situ monitored data of some key points, three dimensional calculation modes of FEM are established with software ADINA to analyze stress and deformation of caisson structures and its adjacent diaphragm wall. The stress distribution and deformation of the structures are studied during the caisson sinking and its bottom sealing. The effects of caisson sinking on adjacent high-rise buildings and bank structures are also analyzed comparatively. The research results show that: the principal stress of diaphragm wall increases with the increasing of sinking depth, and its deformation appears mainly in its top and bottom after the caisson bottom sealing, the tension stress would be higher at its structure cutting edge, the middle of cross wall, the joints of cross wall and inner face of caisson well. The correspo

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