目的明确蓝光照射对绿僵菌产孢的促进作用及与产孢调节基因fluG表达量的关系，为绿僵菌发酵生产提供光照促进产孢的理论依据和技术参数。方法以绿僵菌高效杀虫菌株M202为试材，平板接种培养，通过显微观察每隔12 h的菌体发育状态，确定菌株发育进程产孢前期、初始期、旺盛期、平稳期的对应时段。以蓝光6804—54432 J?m-2的8个能量梯度，照射处理在黑暗中培养至不同发育期即24、48、72 h的菌体，继续培养到产孢稳定期后，采用打孔法取样，以显微计数法检测计算产孢量，评估菌体发育阶段对蓝光的敏感性以及蓝光照射能量对产孢量的影响。克隆fluG，建立fluG real-time PCR反应体系；以蓝光6804—54432 J?m-2的8个能量梯度，照射处理发育至48 h即处于产孢前将进入产孢期的菌丝体，照射处理后立即取菌丝，液氮冷冻，提取RNA并反转录成cDNA，通过real-time PCR检测fluG表达量，评估蓝光照射对fluG表达量的影响。结果绿僵菌M202菌株发育24 h前为萌发期，24—72 h为菌丝快速生长期，其中48 h还处于产孢前期，60 h已进入产孢初期，72—96 h为产孢盛期，96—120 h为产孢末期，120 h后为孢子成熟期，7—10 d后产量达到稳定。蓝光不同能量照射24 h菌龄即初期菌丝体，其产孢量与无

[Objective]The objective of this study is to determine the effect of blu-rays on Metarhizium anisopliae conidiation and related regulating gene fluG expression, and to provide a theoretical basis and technical parameters for the scale up conidia production of M. anisopliae.[Method]The testing strain, M. anisopliae M202 being highly virulent to white grubs, was inoculated and cultured on PDAY plates. The fungal development was observed every 12 h by microscope to confirm the developmental process of the sprout, early hyphae, exuberant hyphae, initial conidiating, exuberant conidiating and stable conidiating. The strain culture developed at 24, 48, and 72 h stages in dark were exposed to blu-rays for 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75, 4.5, 5.25 and 6 h (equal to 6 804, 13 608, 20 412, 27 216, 34 020, 40 824, 47 628 and 54 432 J?m-2), respectively. Then all of them were incubated until 10th day to finish conidiation. Each of treatments was measured conidiation by punch sampling and micro

目的了解儿童泌尿系感染分离大肠埃希茵中产ESBLs菌株的发生率和产ESBLs菌株和非产Es—BLs的耐药性。方法儿童泌尿系感染分离的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌48株，通过cIJSI表型确证试验（纸片增强法）检测产ESBLs菌株，琼脂稀释法进行药敏试验。结果48株儿童泌尿系感染分离的大肠埃希菌中，产ESBLs菌株的发生率为45．8％（22／48），其中复杂性尿路感染产ESBLs菌株高达66．7％（12／18）。产ESBLs茵株对氨苄西林，第一、二代头孢菌素，头孢噻肟耐药显著；对头孢他啶、头孢吡肟和阿莫西林／克拉维酸耐药率超过30％；对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、头孢美唑、阿米卡星耐药率在30％以下；对美罗培南耐药率为0。非产ESBLs菌株对氨苄西林，第一、二代头孢菌素类耐药率较高，对其他抗茵药物均较为敏感。产ESBLs菌株对第一、二代头孢菌素，头孢噻肟，头孢他啶，头孢吡肟耐药率显著高于非产ESBLs菌株（P〈0．05）。结论儿童泌尿系感染分离大肠埃希菌中产ESBLs茵株的发生率较高，产ESBLs菌株多重耐药显著，临床应加强检测和监测。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum -lactamases(ESBLs)and the antibiotic resistance in uropathogeni escherichia coli in children. Methods A total of 48 uropathogenic escherichia coli strains isola-ted,ESBLs-producers were detected by CLSI phenotypic confirmatory test and susceptibilities were tested by agar dilution method. Results 45. 8% of isolates were ESBLs producers in those isolates,and ESBLs-producers account for 66. 7%strains in the complicated urinary tract infection. ESBLs producers were highly resistant to ampicillin,cefazolin,cefuroxime and cefotaxime. The resistant rate of ceftazidime,cefepime,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was more than 30% ,cefoperazone-sulbactam,cefmetazole and aimikacin was less than 30% ,none was resistant to meropenem in ESBLs producers. The re-sistant rate of ampicillin,cefazolin,cefuroxime was more than 40% and most were susceptible to other antimicrobial agents in non ESBLs producers. The resistant rate of cefazolin,cefuroxim

从12个萝卜黑斑病菌(Alternaria sp.)菌株里筛选产孢最多的菌株,从8种培养基(PDA培养基、PSA培养基、牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基、YPD培养基、面粉培养基、豆芽培养基、玉米培养基、杏仁培养基)中筛选其最适合的培养基,研究温度、光照、培养时间对其的影响。结果表明,在12个菌株中JZHB7菌株产孢最多;豆芽培养基为JZHB7产孢的最佳培养基;JZHB7孢子15℃时萌发率高,0℃时萌发率低;JZHB7培养4~7 d菌丝生长较快,10~13 d生长较慢;日光灯照射培养2 h产孢量多,照射培养24 h产孢量少。

The bacterial strain with the largest sporulation quantity was chosen from the 12 Alternaria sp. bacterial strains and the optimal medium was selected from 8 media including PDA medium, PSA medium, beef extract peptone medium, YPD medium, flour medium, bean sprouts medium, corn medium,almond medium. The influence of temperature, light, treatment time on sporulation of Alternaria sp. were studied. The results showed that JZHB7 Alternaria had the largest sporulation quantity. Bean sprouts medium was the best medium among the eight kinds of media,JZHB7 Alternaria spores germination reached the maximum at 15℃ and the minimum at 0℃. JZHB7 Alternaria strains grew fast from 4 d to 7 d and slow from the 10 d to 13 d. Sporulation quantity of JZHB7 Alternaria increased in 2 h and decreased in 24 h.

研究了哈氏虫道真菌（Ambrosiellahartigii ）的生物学特性。结果表明，哈氏虫道真菌菌丝生长和产孢均以PDA为最佳培养基，菌丝生长以甘露醇为碳源、KNO3为氮源最佳，产孢以蔗糖为碳源、甘氨酸为氮源最佳。菌丝生长和产孢的温度范围分别为10～30℃和20～30℃，最适温均为25℃，最适pH为6。菌丝生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发需要黑暗条件。分生孢子萌发最适温度为24～28℃，致死温度为46℃10 min，适宜pH为5．0～6．0。分生孢子在水中不萌发。

The biological characteristics of Ambrosiella hartigii were studied. The results showed that A. hartigii could produce many spores and grow very well on the PDA and PSA media. The mannitol and KNO3 were the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelial growth,respectively,while sucrose and glycine was favorable for conidial formation. The mycelium could grow between 10-30 ℃ ,while the conidia could form between 20-30 ℃ . For mycelial growth and sporulation,the optimum temperatures and pH were 25 ℃ and 6.0,respectively. The myce-lial growth,sporulation and conidial germination all required darkness. For conidial germination,the optimum temperature was 24-28 ℃ ,at pH 5.0-6.0,and the lethal temperature was 46 ℃ (10 min). The conidia could not germinate in water.

目的调查医院新生儿下呼吸道感染患者标本产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株的耐药性,以指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法对新生儿下呼吸道感染患者标本进行产ESBLs菌株耐药性分析。结果产ESBLs菌株以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌为主,检出率分别为66.4%和38.1%。在多数情况下,产ESBLs菌株耐药率高于非产ESBLs菌株。产ESBLs菌株对青霉素类、第一代头孢菌素、第二代头孢菌素均广泛耐药,对头孢替坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感性较好。所有菌株对亚胺培南、美洛培南全部敏感。结论新生儿下呼吸道感染产ESBLs菌株检出率较高,且耐药形势严峻,应引起临床重视。

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBLs) producing pathogens cau-sing lower respiratory tract infection of neonates ,and to provide guidance for the rational use of antimicrobial agents .Methods The drug resistance of ESBLs producing pathogens isolated from lower respiratory tracts of neonates were analyzed .Results ESBLs producing strains in lower respiratory tract infection of neonates mostly were K lebsiella peumoniae and Escherichia coli ,and the detection rate were 66 .4% and 38 .1% respectively .In most cases ,the drug resistance rate of ESBLs producing strains were higher than that of non-ESBLs producing strains .ESBLs producing strains were resistant to penicillins ,first-generation cephalosporins , second-generation cephalosporins extensively ,and were sensitive to cefotetan ,piperacillin/tazobactam ,cefperazone/sulbactam .All the stains of K lebsiella peumoniae and Escherichia coli were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem .Conclu