为解决水田激光平地机平地铲高程定位稳定性问题,该文采用试验方法研究了激光接收器的光电转换特征,对光电转换电路和放大电路参数进行了优化设计。并对影响激光接收器光电转换信号幅值的接收距离、太阳辐照度噪声、振动噪声与有效激光信号幅值频率等因素开展了相关性试验。试验结果表明,随着激光接收距离增加,接收到激光能量减小,激光光电转换信号幅值随接收距离增加按负指数衰减;随着阳光辐照度增加,光电转换硅光电池背景电流增加,光电转换效率降低,激光光电转换信号幅值按负指数衰减,而光电转换噪声按指数规律显著增加;机械振动噪声频率相对固定在低频段。在试验分析基础上,该文采用硅光电池内部等效电容和外接电感的直接光电转换电路,将激光脉冲电流信号调制为交流电压信号,优化带通放大电路参数,降低放大电路带宽对阳光辐照噪声和振动噪声的衰减,以提高激光接收器放大电路的信噪比。进一步田间试验表明,当采用定制的福田KF308发射器旋转频率为600 r/min,设计优化后的激光接收器可满足水田激光平地机的高程可靠定位检测要求。

Because of its high efficiency and leveling precision, the laser leveler for paddy fields has received widespread attention in the mechanization of rice planting. The laser receiver is the elevation sensor component of a laser leveler for paddy fields, and the effective distances of the laser leveler for paddy fields are mainly decided by the noise-rejection performance of the photoelectric conversion and amplifier circuit. In extension work, due to strong solar irradiance and vibration the laser receiver may output wrong height position information, reducing leveling precision and work efficiency. In order to improve the reliability of elevation measurements, the photoelectric conversion and amplifier circuit of the laser receiver were optimized by using the experimental methods in this study. Laser receiving distance, energy conversion, and the noise and frequency characteristics of the laser receiver were selected as experimental variables. 2CR93 silicon photoelectric cells were sel

近年来，由于钙钛矿材料优良的光学吸收和电荷传导特性，有机无机杂化固态太阳能电池取得了突破性的进展.自2009年首次报道了光电转换效率为3.8%的钙钛矿太阳能电池以来，该类电池的效率不断突破.基于介孔薄膜的电池已取得了超过16.7%的认证光电转换效率，基于平板异质结结构电池光电转换效率达到19.3%，已接近传统硅基太阳能电池的光电转换效率.本文将介绍有机无机杂化钙钛矿作为光电材料的光学物理结构特性，以及在固态太阳能电池中的应用.基于固态钙钛矿太阳能电池结构上的差异，分别介绍其在多孔结构、平板异质结结构、柔性结构以及无空穴传导材料结构电池工作特性和各自优势，以及影响电池特性的主要影响因素，特别是钙钛矿成膜控制等.并阐述对钙钛矿电池的理解和进一步提高固态钙钛矿电池光电转换效率需要关注的重点以及展望.

Recently solid-state organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells based on perovskite structured materials have evidenced a great breakthrough due to their perfect light absorption and charge transfer optoelectronic properties. The power conversion e?ciencies have exceeded 20.1% during the last 5 years, since the first report on perovskite solar cells with an e?ciency of 3.8% in 2009. Remarkably, perovskite solar cells with a planar-heterojunction structure have achieved an e?ciency of 19.3%, and the perovskite solar cells with conventional mesoporous structure have achieved a certified e?ciency above 16.7%. This review article first introduces the development of the third generation of solar cells from dye-sensitized solar cells to the perovskite solar cells, and then focuses on the optical and physical properties of the perovskite materials and their application in solid-state solar cells. We discuss the performance characteristics and advantages of the perovskite solar cells havin

光电检测前置放大电路的设计直接影响整个检测电路的性能。选择光电二极管在光伏模式下工作,使用低输入偏置电流和低噪声放大器,设计了光电检测前置放大电路,重点分析了转换电路的稳定性,给出了转换电路元器件参数选择的依据。电路在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。

The design quality of pre-amplifier circuit in photoelectric detector can directly affect the properties of a whole detection system. In order to get a perfect photoelectric detection pre-amplification circuit,a photodiode working in photovoltaic mode was selected,and then a photoelectric detection pre-amplification circuit with low input bias current and low noise amplifi-er was designed. The stability for conversion circuit is analyzed in this paper. The basis of choosing the relevant parameters of the components in conversion circuit is given. The circuit has achieved good results in practical application.

通过硝酸锌与2-甲基咪唑反应制备沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIF-8),利用钛酸正四丁酯在ZIF-8表面水解得到ZIF/TiO2复合材料。在空气气氛中于不同温度条件下对ZIF/TiO2复合材料进行热处理得到不同的ZnO/TiO2复合材料,并应用于DSSC的光阳极,测试电池的光电流-光电压特征曲线,对测试结果进行分析。结果表明:不同ZnO/TiO2复合材料为光阳极材料制备的DSSC,光电转换效率与直接热处理制备的ZnO单相材料相比有了显著提高,其中热处理温度为600℃时,材料具备最高的光电转换效率,为3.69%,比直接热处理制备的ZnO单相材料0.78%的光电转换效率提高了373%,说明加入TiO2制备复合材料可以大幅度提高ZnO基DSSC的光电性能。

The Zeolitic Lmidazolate Frameworks (ZIF) were synthesized by Zinc nitrate and 2-methyl imidazole. With ZIF and tetra-n-butyl titanate as reactant, the ZnO/TiO2 composite materials were prepared in different temperature and applied into dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Test the different DSSC I-V characteristic curve and analyze the test results. The research suggests that the DSSC based on ZnO/TiO2 composites have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than DSSC based ZnO. The composites had a photoelectric efficiency of 3.69% (calcined at 600℃) with 373%increment compared with the ZnO particles (0.78%) which has no TiO2 added.

以In掺杂CdS量子点太阳能电池为例，讨论了SILAR次数对In掺杂CdS量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的影响。通过SEM、EDS、IPCE、紫外吸收光谱、J-V曲线、EIS等实验测试结果表明，当In 掺杂CdS的摩尔比固定在1：5时，随着SILAR 次数的增加，电池的短路电流密度、开路电压和光电转换效率都随着增加，当SILAR次数为6次时，In掺杂CdS的QDSCs光电转化效率达到了最大值（η=0.76%）。随着SILAR次数的继续增加，其光电转换效率将会下降。

Taking In-doped-CdS quantum dot solar cell (QDSCs) for example, the effects of SILAR cycles on In-doped-CdS QDSCs were discussed. With these characterization results of SEM,EDS,IPCE,UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy,J-V curnes and EIS, finally it is concluded that when In-doped-CdS molar ratio is fixed at 1:5, the short circuit current density,open circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the In-doped-CdS QDSCs increase accordingly with SILAR cycles. When the SILAR cycles reaches 6, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of In-dope-CdS QDSCs gets the maximum value (η=0.76%). When the SILAR cycles increase gradually, photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell decreases.