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双语推荐：劣化机理

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介绍了玉环电厂4号机组水汽质量劣化的现象及特征参数变化，对水汽质量劣化的可能原因进行了分析和排查，找出此次水汽质量劣化的根源是尿素溶液进入了热力系统。通过尿素的水解机理，重点分析了尿素溶液造成水汽质量劣化的过程。针对各取样点氢电导率的变化和水汽质量劣化的根源，提出了处理措施。
This paper describes deterioration of water and steam of units #4 in Yuhuan Power Plant and char-acteristic parameter change. The reasons of deteriorated water and steam are analyzed and found, and the source of deterioration is urea solution that enters into thermal system. By hydrolysis mechanism of urea, this paper lays special stress on analyzing the process that urea solution causes deteriorated water and steam; it puts forward corresponding treatment measures for variation of hydrogen conductivity in sampling points and source of deteriorated water and steam.

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本文通过对发生泄漏的自来水管道取样分析,找出了管道腐蚀和水质劣化的影响因素,指出了管道腐蚀机理,对腐蚀管道的安全性进行了评估。
Through sampling analysis of water pipe leakage ,this article identified the factors af‐fecting pipeline corrosion and water quality deterioration ,pointed out the pipeline corrosion mechanism , and assessed the safety of corroded pipelines .

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通过研究花岗岩在不同化学溶液(水、Na OH溶液和HNO3溶液)中浸泡并冻融循环后的力学性能,分析了花岗岩在不同化学溶液中溶蚀及经历不同冻融循环次数后,在单轴压缩作用下基本力学性能的变化规律;从微观力学和化学机理出发,探讨了化学溶蚀和冻融循环对花岗岩的损伤机理;通过定义损伤变量,定量分析了花岗岩的损伤程度。试验结果表明,在水、Na OH和HNO3溶液中,随着冻融循环次数的增加,花岗岩的相对杨氏模量呈指数函数减小,峰值应力损失率呈幂函数增加;轴向峰值应变按Guass函数变化。随着冻融循环次数的增加,HNO3溶液中的花岗岩初期损伤劣化较大,后期损伤劣化较小,而Na OH溶液中的花岗岩初期损伤劣化较小,后期损伤劣化较大。岩石冻融损伤的过程本质上是温度产生的应力,使岩石损伤劣化的过程;同时化学溶蚀对岩石产生化学损伤作用,与冻融损伤相互促进,共同影响岩石的损伤劣化。
The variation of mechanical properties of granite under uniaxial compression after being soaked in different chemical solutions (water, NaOH solution and HNO3 solution) and subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles is experimentally studied. The damage mechanism of granite subjected to chemical soaking and freeze-thaw cycles is analyzed according to the micro mechanism and chemical mechanism. In addition, a damage variable is defined in terms of which the damage degree of granite can be analyzed quantitatively. The test results show that for all the chemical solutions (water, NaOH solution and HNO3 solution), with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the relative Young’s modulus decreases by exponential function, the loss rate of the peak stress increases by power function, and the axial peak strain changes by Guass function. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the damage and deterioration of granite in HNO3 solution is larger at a smaller number of freeze-thaw cycles th

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基于车用催化剂热失活机理,在发动机台架和R-FOCAS台架上分析不同的老化方法对催化剂劣化强度的影响。利用断油和ARL-102老化循环对四只相同的催化器样件进行50h的快速老化试验。通过老化后催化剂性能测试,依据催化剂劣化强度的评价指标考察三效催化剂性能的变化。
Based on the mechanism of automotive catalyst deactivation at high temperature ,different ag-ing method effecting on catalyst deactivation degree between engine and R - FOCAS bench is analyzed in this paper .An 50h accelerated aging experiment on the same four catalytic converter was carried out between engine and R .FOCAS bench using fuel - cut and ARL - 102 method .After the performance e-valuations of aging catalyst ,changes in performance of the three - way catalyst were observed according to the evaluation method of deactivation degree for catalyst .

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通过将劣化机理与化学反应结合，建立了Pt颗粒平均直径与反应频率因子的三效催化转化器劣化仿真模型，运用流体力学软件对三效催化转化器的温度场以及氧浓度场进行了数值仿真，并通过定义Pt颗粒平均直径和反映频率因子的函数，得到了Pt颗粒平均直径与反映频率因子随行驶里程的变化图，揭示了催化剂中毒、催化剂烧结及催化剂催化效率是三效催化转化器的主要劣化特征，并提出一些控制延缓Pt颗粒平均直径与反映频率因子的劣化的措施。
@@@@Based on the model, numerical simulation of temperature and oxygen fields was simulated using CFD software, the relational graph of road haul was exported by leading case and data to processing software after defining function of Pt particles average diameter and response frequency factor, its main deteriorating characteristics of three-way catalytic convener are Pt particles average diameter and response frequency factor. According to above-named causes, some measures were brought to prevent the deterioration of Pt particles average diameter and response frequency factor.

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以抗拉强度为指标,研究微波照射后钢纤维混凝土强度的劣化规律,分别分析功率、照射时间微波作用下,钢纤维混凝土的强度劣化机理.研究表明:微波功率一定时,照射时间的延长钢纤维混凝土的强度逐渐下降,并且强度劣化速率呈降低趋势,最终钢纤维混凝土完全丧失抗拉强度,微波照射后,喷水冷却有助于钢纤维混凝土强度劣化;当微波照射时间不变时,微波功率对钢纤维混凝土的强度影响与增长照射时间有相同的影响规律.微波照射引起钢纤维混凝土的强度劣化原于混凝土中水泥胶体与钢纤维表面的化学胶着力的下降;钢纤维与混凝土接触表面上的摩擦力的弱化和钢纤维表面粗糙不平产生的机械咬合力减弱.
Based on tensile strength index, this paper studies the law of steel-fiber reinforced concrete strength degradation after microwave irradiation. The relations between the strength reduction and the microwave exposure time and microwave power level are analyzed. The experimental research shows that the longer the steel-fiber reinforced concrete is irradiated, the more its strength reduces under the equal power microwave, and meanwhile the speed of strength degradation is reduced , finally the steel-fiber reinforced concrete lose its tensile strength entirely. The cooling by spraying water after microwave irradiation leads to larger strength reduction of concrete. For the fixed irradiation time, the same result is found. The reason for steel-fiber reinforced concrete degradation induced by microwave irradiation is the decline of chemical bonding force between the surface of steel-fiber and the cement gel in concrete, the weakening of friction on the contact surface of steel fiber and the

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随着国内原油品质的劣化以及进口含硫原油数量的增加,常减压装置面临着越来越严峻的防腐问题,能有效的缓解常减压装置的腐蚀问题已迫在眉睫。通过对常见的几种低温部位腐蚀机理的研究,找出了影响其腐蚀的各种因素,并提出了一些防腐对策。
With the deterioration of the quality of domestic crude oil and the increasing number of imported sour crude oil, the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit is facing more and more serious corrosion problems, how to relieve the corrosion problems effectively is imminent. In this paper, through research on several common low temperature corrosion mechanisms, the various factors to affect the corrosion were found out, and some countermeasures were put forward.

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以建筑人居环境劣化、团结户问题和地域经济性损耗等为代表,老工业住区伴随着城市社会经济的衰退而逐渐边缘化,同时住区居民结构变迁引发社会性衰退。以武汉市青山区"红房子"住区为例,通过梳理"红房子"住区建设演变机理,分析提出"红房子"住区物理性衰退的表象及居民结构变迁引发的社会衰退,并提出了工业住区保护与更新的途径。
Suffered from the physical aging represented by environmental deterioration of architecture , problem of“united householder”, and regional economic loss , the old urban industrial residential areas are being marginalized with urban social and economic downturn .Meanwhile the transformation of residential structure has resulted in the social aging .The paper formulated the transformation process of housing construction development and establishes the idea of physical aging and social decline of the neighborhood with the Wuhan Qingshan Red House as the example . Means of protection and renewal were discussed lastly .

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在对选煤厂主厂房使用环境与钢筋混凝土结构可靠性检测及主体结构安全性设计复核验算的基础上,对主厂房钢筋混凝土结构所处特殊的自然环境、工艺及力学环境进行了定性和定量的分析,探讨了自然环境中气态、液态、固态介质对钢筋混凝土结构腐蚀的耦合作用以及恶劣自然环境与特殊力学环境的长期耦合作用,提出了选煤厂主厂房钢筋混凝土结构损伤劣化机理和有效的加固维护技术,为保证主厂房钢筋混凝土结构的可靠性提供依据。
The operating environment and the reliability of the RC structures in washery ’s main plant were detected ,then the designs of them were rechecked .On this basis ,the qualitative and quantitative analyses on special natural environ-ment ,technologic and mechanical environment were made ,and the long-term coupling action among gaseous ,liquid , solid corrosion medium and that between worse natural environment and special mechanical environment were discussed . The damage and deterioration mechanism and the reinforcement and maintenance technology of the RC structures in wash-ery’s main plant were further studied and put forward ,which could provide a basis for ensuring the reliability of the RC in washery’s main plant .

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硫酸盐腐蚀是影响混凝土耐久性重要因素之一,其劣化机理也是最为复杂的。在实际服役过程中,混凝土承受着各种复杂环境,因此混凝土的破坏多为硫酸盐与多种环境因素共同作用的结果。总结了近年来硫酸盐与应力、氯离子、干湿循环、冻融循环、碳化以及不同阳离子类型等环境单因素及多因素耦合作用下混凝土耐久性的研究成果,并且对多因素耦合作用下混凝土抗硫酸盐耐久性的研究进行了展望。
Sulfate attack is an important concern in concrete durability,and the degeneration mechanism is the most complex. Concrete exposed to a variety of complex environments in practical applications ,therefore,the damage of concrete is coursed by combined action of sulfate attack and environment multiple factors. Generalized the present research of concrete durability by environment single factor and multi-factor such as sulfate with stress,chloride ion,wet and dry cycles,freeze-thaw cycles,carbonation and type of cation. Prospects of concrete durability under environment multi-factor coupling action were also presented.

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