油页岩原位高温开采技术是目前世界各国关注的前沿能源开发技术之一。在油页岩原位高温开采过程中，为隔绝周围地下水的渗入和防止油气泄漏，需要在开采矿区周围建立安全可靠的地下止水止气冷冻墙。本研究为地下油页岩原位开采地下冷冻墙技术提供试验研究平台，并进行地下冷冻墙结构参数、运行参数、冷冻方案、运行成本等的实验研究，为油页岩地下原位开采地下冷冻墙的设计与施工提供技术支撑。

The technology for high-temperature extraction in situ of oil shale is one of the most leading edge energy develop-ment technologies heeded by the whole world.To prevent the leaking of water and oil vapour, it is necessary to build a safe and reliable frozen wall isolating water and vapour around the mining areas.This study provides a research platform for the technology of extraction in situ for oil shale using the frozen underground wall, with the structural parameters, operating pa-rameters, frozen plan, operating costs of the frozen underground wall examined to provide technical support for the design and construction of the frozen underground wall through performing the experimental research on the.

油页岩的开发利用越来越受到世界各国的重视。随着环保压力的增大,油页岩原位开采已成为未来油页岩商业化大规模开采的必然发展趋势。我国油页岩资源开发利用较早,但都是环境污染较大的地面开采方式。通过对比中美两国油页岩的地质特征和埋藏条件的不同,介绍美国土地管理局为油页岩原位开采技术的商业化推广而在美国绿河组的RDD项目投标情况和各大石油公司在该地区现场先导试验的最新进展,以及对壳牌ICP技术、雪佛龙CRUSH技术、美国页岩油公司CCR技术和埃克森美孚Electrofrac技术的对比,为我国油页岩原位开采技术的研发拓展思路,也为我国进入油页岩等非常规油气资源的大规模开采阶段提供重要的借鉴意义。

Oil shale is one of the most alternative energy except of coal, oil and natural gas. How to develop and use it, have attracted more and more attention in many countries. Taking into account issues such as environmental pollution, in-situ retorting technology has been the trend of large-scale commercialization of oil shale in the future. China has produced the oil shale for a long time, but all of them were developed by means of surface retorting, resulting in a technical gas of in-situ retorting. In order to promote the commercialization of oil shale in-situ retorting technology, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management initiated two oil shale development program and solicited applications for Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) in the Green River Formation. This paper also introduces the latest progress of the pilot projects of the major oil companies in this region. By comparing and analyzing the Shell ICP technology, Chevron CRUSH technology, American Shale Oil company CCR tech

首先对目前天然气水合物开采方法进行归纳和总结，重点分析了CO2/N2置换开采，它能在开采天然气水合物的同时，实现CO2地下存储。然后提出将水平对接井和压裂工艺引入到CO2/N2原位置换开采方案，水平对接井可导通储层裂隙系统，压裂工艺可产生大导流能力裂缝，故而解决了由于水合物层低传热传质性和低渗透性带来的开采效率低的问题，该方案具有经济、高效和环保等特点。

The current methods of gas hydrate production are reviewed with emphysis on the method of in situ gas hydrate replacement by injecting CO2/N2 .With this method, while the gas hydrate is produced, the CO2 is being stored under-ground.It is proposed to incorporate underground well connection by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing into pro-duction of gas hydrate by in situ replacement with CO2/N2 .The fracture systems in the reservoir are communicated through well units connected by horizontal drilling, and fracturing increases the conductivity of the reservoir; thus eliminating the low efficiency in production caused by low heat and mass transfer and low permeability of gas hydrate formation.The pro-posed process is economic, highly efficient and environmental sound.

油页岩原位高温开采,需要在矿区周边建立地下冷冻墙以阻止地下水的流入,防止油气的泄漏。油页岩的高温开采区与地下冷冻墙的冷冻区之间的缓冲距离影响油岩页的开采效果及地下冷冻墙的制冷效果,也影响整个工程的施工成本及运行费用。采用理论计算、数值模拟分析的方法,以最低成本为目标,对合理的缓冲距离进行了详细计算与分析,确定出了合理的缓冲距离,为油页岩高温开采地下冷冻墙的设计提供了理论指导。

For oil shale situ high-temperature mining, underground frozen wall should be constructed to prevent underground water flowing into the mining area and the leakage of oil and gas.The buffer zone between the high-temperature mining area and the freezing zone of underground frozen wall not only affects oil shale mining and frozen wall cooling effects but also af-fects the entire project construction and operating costs.By theoretical calculation method and numerical simulation, with the lowest cost as the goal, the detailed calculation and analysis are made and the rational buffer distance is determined, which could be the theoretical guidance to underground frozen wall design for oil shale in situ high-temperature mining.

油页岩原位开采技术是未来进行油页岩大规模商业化开发的必然趋势,其中,流体加热技术因加热速度快、可充分利用干馏气、技术相对成熟等优点而被广泛关注。针对目前国内外油页岩原位开采流体加热技术存在的一些问题,提出了一种流体加热新思路,即采用水平井分段压裂和过热蒸汽辅助重力驱组合技术开发埋藏较深(300~1 000 m)的油页岩资源,其主要原理是通过在水平井分段压裂形成的复杂网状裂缝中注入高温过热蒸汽加热油页岩储层,并逐渐将干酪根裂解转化为液态烃,产生的液态烃在重力作用下通过裂缝流入生产井,然后通过常规方法采出。以山东龙口黄县盆地油页岩为例,提出了新流体加热技术设计方案,对今后进行先导试验有着重要的参考价值。

Oil shale in-situ retorting technologies are the trend of large scale commercialized development of oil shale in the future. Among them, the fluid heating technology has attracted more and more attention due to its distinct advantages as fast heating, adequate usage of retorting gas, and relatively mature technology, etc. In view of the problems existing in fluid heating technology for oil shale in-situ retorting both at home and abroad, this paper presents a new idea of fluid heating, that is, using the combined technology of staged fracturing of horizontal section and superheated steam assisted gravity drive to produce the oil shale resources with great burial depth (300~1000 m); its main principle is to inject overheated steam through the complex fracture network created during staged fracturing of horizontal section to heat the oil shale reservoir and gradually convert the kerogen to liquid hydrocarbons, the liquid hydrocarbons so produced then flow to the producing well through th