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双语推荐：吸痰术

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本文通过查阅相关文献,从吸痰时机、时间,吸痰管的选择,吸痰的负压,吸痰方式,吸痰方法及密闭式吸痰等方面对气管内吸痰术的研究共识与应用进展进行综述,以促进吸痰护理操作日臻完善。
In order to promote the perfection of sputum suction nursing operation, the previous studies were retrieved, and research consensus and progress were reviewed from the following aspects:the sputum suction timing, duration, the selection of the sputum suction tube, negative pressure of sputum suction, modes of sputum suction, and closed endotracheal suctioning.

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目的探讨流体力学泊肃叶定律在吸痰术中的应用。方法将收集痰液分成米汤样或白色泡沫样的稀痰与浊黄色凝成痂块的黏痰两种样品,在体外用小儿吸痰器测试6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种管径吸痰管在四种吸引压力(-0.01、-0.02、-0.03、-0.04MPa)下的吸痰效果。结果 6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种管径吸痰管,在吸引压为-0.01MPa时吸引5ml稀痰所需时间分别为38、12、5s;5ml黏痰时所需时间分别为600、600、357s。随着吸引压力由-0.01、向-0.02、-0.03、-0.04MPa的递增,6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种吸痰管在15s内吸引黏痰的量分别为0、0、0、0.27ml;0.125、0.25、0.83、0.15ml和0.21、0.83、2.5、3.75ml。结论吸痰必需综合评估吸痰管管径、吸引负压与痰液黏稠度这三者的关系;吸痰术中,低负压与粗吸痰管等效于高负压与细吸痰管;当吸引负压与导管口径不变时,稀释痰液成为降低流阻的最佳选择。
Objective To discuss the application of fluid mechanics Poiseuille law on sputum suctioning. Methods The sputum was divided into two samples of rice-water alike or white foam alike thin phlegm and turbid yellow sticky phlegm.The sputum suction effects under four suctioning pressure (-0.01,-0.02,-0.03,-0.04 MPa)were evaluated by testing three sized of pipe 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr using in vitro children sputum suction apparatus.Results The suctioning time of 5 ml thin phlegm in 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr three sizes of the pipe were 38,12 and 5 s under the suctioning pressure of -0.01 MPa,while the suctioning time for 5 ml sticky phlegm were >600,600,357 s.With the increasing of suctioning pressure from -0.01 to -0.02,-0.03,-0.04 MPa,the amount of sputum suction within 15 s of 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr three sizes of the pipe were 0,0,0,0.27 ml;0.125,0.25,0.83,0.15 ml and 0.21,0.83,2.5,3.75 ml. Conclusion The sputum suctioning needs to evaluate the relationship between size of the pipe,suctioning pr

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探讨丙泊酚在机械通气患者纤支镜吸痰中的临床效果。方法:2012年4月-2014年3月收治机械通气患者80例,随机分为A组和B组,每组40例,其中A组给予丙泊酚+芬太尼,B组给予芬太尼+利多卡因,记录两组患者吸痰前5 min、吸痰中、吸痰后5 min的BP、HR、R和SPO2各项数据以及纤支镜吸痰过程中患者的不适表现。结果:A组纤支镜吸痰过程中HR降低较B组明显,术毕5 min A组低于B组;A组术中不良反应发生率低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:丙泊酚应用于机械通气患者纤支镜吸痰中效果理想,值得在临床推广。
Objective:To investigate the effect of propofol on bronchoscopic suctioning in patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods:80 patients with mechanical ventilation were selected from April 2012 to March 2014.They were randomly divided into the A group and the B group with 40 cases in each.Patients in the A group were given propofol combined with fentanyl,and the B group received fentanyl combined with lidocaine.Then we recorded the data of BP,HR,R and SPO2 5min before sputum,sputum suction,5min after sputum in patients of two groups and the adverse reactions in the process of bronchoscopic sputum suction. Results:In the process bonchoscopic suction,HR of A group decreased obviously than that of the B group;HR of A group was also lower than that of the B group 5min after sputum;the adverse reaction of patients in the A group was less than that of the B group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Propofol used in bronchoscopic suctioning in patie

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目的：观察气流冲击法配合吸痰术在机械通气（mechanical ventilation, MV）患者中的应用效果。方法对入住呼吸重症监护病房（RICU）预计 MV 超过48 h 的患者40例,随机分为对照组20例,观察组20例,对照组采用常规吸痰方法吸引气道内滞留物,观察组在常规吸痰方法的基础上采用气流冲击法。比较2组患者呼吸机相关下呼吸道感染（VAL-AI）发生率、发生时间、机械通气时间。结果观察组 VALAI 发生率降低, VALAI 发生时间、机械通气时间缩短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论气流冲击法配合吸痰术可以有效清理患者气道分泌物,缩短患者的 MV 时间,降低 VALAI的发生率。
Objective To observe the application effects of air-impact method combined with sputum suctioning applied to MV (mechanical ventilation) patients. Methods 40 MV cases, who were expected to be in respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) for more than for 48 hours, were randomly divided into the control group of 20 patients and the observation group of 20 patients. Patients in the control group were given conventional methods to attract airway suctioning retentate, while those in the observation group were applied air-impact method on the basis of routine sputum suctioning. The incidences, occurrence time, duration of mechanical ventila-tion of ventilator-associated low-airway infections (VALAI) of the two groups were compared. Results The incidence of VALAI, oc-currence time of VALAI and time of mechanical ventilation of the observation group were reduced, the difference was statistically signif-icant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Air-impact method combined with sputum suctioning can ef

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目的：总结经纤支镜灌洗痰易净加氨溴索配合吸痰术，治疗开胸术后下呼吸道痰液阻塞引起的肺部感染或肺不张的护理经验。方法：对46例开胸术后下呼吸道痰液阻塞所致的肺部感染或肺不张患者，行床旁经纤支镜灌洗痰易净加氨溴索配合吸痰术治疗，并进行合理、规范的术前术后护理。结果：46例除1例全肺切除术后患者因肺栓塞死亡外，其余患者均取得显著疗效。结论：该方法能有效治疗开胸术后下呼吸道痰液阻塞所致的肺部感染或肺不张，合理、规范的术前后护理是床旁纤支镜治疗取得成功的必要条件。
Objective:To summarize the nursing experience of the treatment with bronchofiberscope lavage using acetylcysteine and ambroxol combined with sputum suctioning for the patients suffering from pulmonary atelectasis or/and pulmonary infection caused by lower respiratory tract sputum obstruction after thoracotomy. Method:46 patients who suffered from pulmonary atelectasis or/and pulmonary infection caused by lower respiratory tract sputum obstruction after thoractomy were treated with bronchofiberscope lavage used acetylcysteine and ambroxol combined with sputum suctioning,at the same time,all patients received the rational and standard pre-operative and post-operative nursing. Result:All patients achieved good therapeutic effectiveness except one pneumonectomy patient who was died with fatal pulmonary embolism postoperatively. Conclusion:The treatment is an effective method for the patients who suffered from pulmonary atelectasis or/and pulmonary infection caused by lower respiratory trac

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目的探讨一次性吸痰管应用于胸腔闭式引流术治疗新生儿气胸的效果。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2013年1月期间本院新生儿科收治的气胸新生儿33例,随机分为实验组(18例)运用一次性吸痰管行胸腔闭式引流术引流,对照组(15例)运用导尿管行胸腔闭式引流术引流。比较2组新生儿行胸腔闭式引流术术前、术后2 h、术后24 h的临床症状、体征和经皮测血氧饱和度情况。结果实验组新生儿术后2 h、术后24 h的临床症状、体征和经皮测血氧饱和度较对照组均改善明显,气胸无复发,引流时间为4~10 d,均痊愈出院。结论此方法疗效好,操作简单易行,价格低廉、损伤小、安全性能高,值得推广应用。
Ojective To investigate the use of sputum suction tube in closed thoracic drainage for the treatment of neonatal pneu-mothorax. Methods The babies who enrolled the study were hospitalized in neonatal department ,Shunde women and children''s hospital from Jan. 2009 to Jan. 2013. the data of the babies'' clinical synptoms and signs and transcutaneous saturations were collected before and 2 hours, 24 hours after operation. Results The babies'' clinical synptoms and signs and transcutaneaus saturations were improved 2 hours, 24 hours after operation. The durations of drainage were from 4-10 days, all babies recover from the disease. Conclusion The method is suitable to use in clinical practice as it has the benefits of cheapness, safe, easy to use and less injuries.

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目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检联合针吸活检术对肺内肿块病变的诊断价值及安全性。方法对临床气管镜检查、痰检,不能确诊的58例肺部占位性病变给予CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检联合针吸术。结果 58例患者中55例获得满意的组织标本,明确了定性诊断,诊断成功率94.83%,恶性病变49例,良性病变6例,不能明确诊断3例。并发症:气胸7例,肺出血12例,胸痛10例。结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检联合针吸活检术成功率高,并发症轻微,对胸部占位性病变的定性诊断具有重要意义,值得临床普遍推广应用。
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value and the safety of the application of percutaneous lung biopsy combined with needle aspiration under CT guidance in the treatment of lung lesions. Methods 58 pa-tients were given CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy combined with needle aspiration analysis. Results In 58 pa-tients, 55 cases obtained satisfactory tissue specimens and the qualitative diagnosis. The diagnosis rate was 94. 83%. There were 49 cases of malignant lesions, 6 cases of benign lesions, and 3 cases undetermined. There were 7 cases of pneumothorax, 10 cases of chest pain and 12 cases of hemoptysis. Conclusion CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy combined with needle aspiration has high success rate in the diagnosis of lung space occupying, with less complica-tions.

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多根多处肋骨骨折可出现“反常呼吸运动”，因伤后的激烈疼痛、外伤的作用使胸廓稳定性受到了破坏，因而呼吸会逐步变浅且加快，肺泡通气减少，患者不敢咳嗽，继而引起痰液潴留在体内，引起下呼吸道分泌梗阻，肺部感染，肺挫伤，造成呼吸循环功能不全，危及生命，需进行胸腔闭式引流和切开复位内固定术，护理需严格掌握规范吸痰，胸腔闭式引流等…。
Multiple fractures of multiple ribs can appear "paradoxical respiratory movement", because of the intense pain after injury, the injury to the action of thethoracic stability has been destroyed, so breathing will gradually becomes shallow andspeed, reduce the causes of patients with alveolar ventilation, dare not to cough, then caused the sputum retention in the body, causing lower respiratory tract secretionobstruction, pulmonary infection, pulmonary contusion, resulting in respiratory and circulatory insufficiency, endanger life, the need for closed thoracic drainage and open reduction and internal fixation, care should be mastered strictly standardized sputum suction, closed thoracic drainage.

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目的：探讨彩色超声引导针吸活检术在晚期肺癌伴前纵隔淋巴结肿大诊断中的应用。方法对肺部肿块伴纵隔淋巴结肿大、支气管镜检查及反复痰脱落细胞检查未取得病理诊断的27例患者行彩超引导下前纵隔淋巴结穿刺活检。结果全部患者获得病理诊断结果，鳞状细胞癌9例，腺癌11例，小细胞肺癌6例，未分化癌1例。未发生气胸、纵隔气肿、穿刺部位出血及感染等常见并发症。结论超声引导针吸活检术在晚期肺癌伴前纵隔淋巴结肿大诊断中具有安全、准确、可靠、经济、易于开展的应用价值。
ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in advanced stage lung cancer with anterior mediastinal lymphadenectasis. Methods Twenty-seven cases with anterior mediastinal lymphadenectasis not yet obtained pathologic diagnosis by bronchoscopy and repeated examination of sputum castoff cells were analyzed.Results Pathologic diagnosis was made in all patients,including squamous-celled carcinoma 9 cases,adenocarcinoma 11 cases,small cell carcinoma 6 cases,anaplastic carcinoma 1 case.None of the patients suffered from complications such as mediastinal emphysema, pneumothorax,or hemorrhage.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a safe,accurate,dependable,economy and facility diagnostic method for some advanced stage lung cancer with anterior mediastinal lymphadenectasis.

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纤维支气管镜属于导光器械,能够转移图象,镜体细、可弯曲、视野范围大,同时,还能够对病人进行直接吸痰、钳夹咬取组织作病理检查或用毛刷刷出细胞行细胞学检查等一系列操作.本文结合临床资料与护理经验,分别对纤维支气管镜检查的术前、术中、术后发生并发症的配合与护理进行了详细的分析.
@@@@fiberoptic bronchoscopy belong to light equipment, can transfer images, mirror body fine, bending, vision scope, at the same time, still can direct to the patient sputum suction, clamping bite take tissue pathology to check or hair brush out cell line cytology and a series of operation. This paper combined with clinical data and nursing experience respectively, the fiberoptic bronchoscopy preoperative, intraoperative and

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