研究不同碱性白土的含水量、吸附温度及大豆油中初始油酸含量条件下,碱性白土吸附大豆油中油酸的动力学。结果表明：吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程,相关系数R2＞0.995,由模型拟合得出的平衡吸附量与实验值接近；碱性白土含水量增加,吸附速率明显加快；吸附速率常数不随大豆油中油酸含量升高而变化,表现为化学吸附控制；而吸附速率常数随着吸附温度的升高而增大,平衡吸附量则随吸附温度升高而减少,说明此吸附为放热过程,表现为物理吸附控制。吸附活化能为70.7 kJ/mol,该活化能介于物理吸附和化学吸附之间,故碱性白土对大豆油中油酸的吸附是化学吸附和物理吸附共同控制的。

The kinetics of adsorption of oleic acid from soybean oil by alkaline clay under the conditions of different water contents of alkaline clay,different adsorption temperatures and different initial contents of oleic acid of soybean oil was studied. The results showed that the adsorption process was in line with the quasi-second order kinetic equation with correlation coefficient R2 above 0. 995 and the theoretical equi-librium adsorption capacity was close to the experimental value;the adsorption rate increased obviously with the water content of alkaline clay increasing;the adsorption rate constant hardly changed with the content of oleic acid of soybean oil increasing,which manifested chemical adsorption control;the adsorp-tion rate constant increased while the balance adsorption capacity decreased with the adsorption tempera-ture rising,which indicated that the adsorption was an exothermic process and manifested physical adsorp-tion control. The activation energy of the ads

针对固体吸附式制冷在空调领域的应用，建立了一套采用ZSM－5沸石－水作为吸附工质对的实验研究系统，对其吸附脱附性能进行了实验研究，得到了吸附脱附性能曲线。比较了不同吸附床温度以及吸附床有无保温情况下， ZSM－5沸石分子筛对水的吸附情况：低温情况对水蒸气的吸附量随吸附时间明显增加，但吸附率逐渐变慢；床温升高，吸附剂达到吸附平衡所需时间缩短，平衡吸附量则有所降低。

For the application of solid adsorption refrigeration in air conditioning field, a set of experimental system which take the ZSM-5 zeolite-water as adsorption working pairs was established, the adsorption and desorption properties was studied experimentally, and acquired the performance curve of adsorption and desorption.We ana-lyzed and discussed the situation that adsorption capacity varying with evaporation temperature under different adsor-bent bed temperature, and also the changes of adsorption rate and adsorption capacity under the condition of with or without heat insulation.

应用密度泛函理论B3PW91方法,计算了H2S在碳基固体表面的吸附结构和吸附能,并研究了单质汞在含硫碳基表面的吸附和HgS在碳基表面的吸附.研究结果表明,H2S倾向于解离吸附在碳基表面,属于较强的化学吸附.解离吸附形成的AC—S和AC—SH不直接与单质汞反应,但碳基表面S的存在会增加邻近吸附位的吸附活性,从而增强了碳基对汞的吸附能力,使其更倾向于化学吸附.HgS在碳基表面的吸附形式有解离吸附和非解离吸附,其中平行位解离吸附是主要的吸附形式.

Density functional theory was employed to calculate the structures and energies of H2S adsorption on car-bonaceous surface at B3PW91 level of theory. Also the adsorption of mercury on surface with sulfur,and the adsorp-tion of HgS were investigated at the same level of theory. The results indicate that H2S is likely to adsorb dissocia-tively and is mainly chemisorption. The AC-S and AC-SH formed by H2S adsorption are not likely to react with mercury directly. The presence of Sulfur on carbonaceous surface can enhance the mercury adsorption by improving the activity of surface carbon sites,making it tend to chemisorption. The HgS can adsorb dissociatively or non-dissociatively,and the dissociative adsorption with bond axis parallel to the edge line of carbon is the dominant process.

在固定床吸附反应器内对一种商业活性炭进行了汞吸附实验,考察了入口汞浓度和吸附温度对活性炭吸附汞的影响。采用4个简化的吸附动力学模型,即内扩散模型、准一阶和准二阶动力学模型,耶洛维奇(Elovich)模型从动力学的角度探讨了入口汞浓度和吸附温度对汞吸附的影响机制。分析了汞吸附过程的机制和控制过程。结果表明:入口汞浓度的增加,或者吸附温度的降低,均有利于活性炭对汞的吸附,其主要原因是提高了颗粒内扩散速率、初始吸附速率以及准一级反应速率。汞吸附过程主要由化学吸附控制,主要分为表面吸附和内扩散吸附2个阶段,初始吸附阶段呈现较快吸附速率,该阶段和表面吸附有关;随着表面活性位被占据,颗粒内扩散起主要控制作用,吸附速率下降。

An experimental study on mercury adsorption of a commercial activated carbon was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of inlet mercury concentration and temperature on mercury adsorption efficiency were explored. Four simplified adsorption kinetic models, including intraparticle diffusion model, pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models, and Elovich model, were used to investigate the mechanism of mercury adsorption, adsorption rate, and the controlling process from the kinetic point of view. The results show that the increase of inlet mercury concentration or the decrease of temperature is beneficial to promoting the mercury adsorption capacity, due to the enhancement of intraparticle diffusion rate, initial adsorption rate, and pseudo-first order reaction rate. The mercury adsorption process is controlled dominantly by chemisorption, which comprises two steps:surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion adsorption. The Hg0 adsorption rate is higher in the initi

为了解木纤维对铀的吸附特性，通过静态吸附实验，研究了木纤维的粒度、吸附时间、用量、温度及溶液的pH值和初始浓度等因素对模拟含铀废水中 U （Ⅵ）去除率的影响，并从热力学和动力学方面对吸附过程进行了分析。结果表明：溶液初始pH≈3时，木纤维对铀的吸附平衡时间为4 h ，且吸附剂粒径越小、温度越高、用量越大，越有利于铀的去除；铀在木纤维上的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程，吸附动力学过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型描述，表明化学吸附主要受动力学控制；木纤维吸附铀是自发的吸热反应。SEM、FT‐IR和EDS分析结果表明，木纤维吸附铀后表面形态发生了改变，且在吸附过程中铀主要与木纤维表面活性基团螯合并形成配合物，存在表面络合吸附行为；吸附铀前后的能谱对比分析表明，吸附过程中存在离子交换行为。因此，木纤维对铀的吸附机理是以离子交换和表面络合吸附为主、物理吸附为辅的混合吸附过程。

The adsorption performance of uranium on wood fiber was studied with static experiment .The influence factors on the U (Ⅵ) removal rate such as wood fiber particle size , adsorption time , dosage , temperature , pH and initial concentration were researched ,and the adsorption process was analyzed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics .T he results show that the adsorption equilibrium time is 4 hours .When the pH reaches 3 for uranium‐containing wastewater ,uranium can be removed with the decrease of the size of adsorbent and with the increase of adsorbent dosage and tempera‐ture .The equilibrium adsorption data fit to Langmuir isotherms .The kinetic analysisshows that the adsorption rate is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption .The adsorp‐tion process can be described by an equation of pseudo 2nd‐order model .T he thermody‐namic data indicate that the synergistic uranium bio‐sorption by wood fiber is a sponta‐neous and endothermal adsorption process . The adsorp