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双语推荐：啁啾放大

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在啁啾脉冲放大(CPA)系统中,脉冲的展宽是实现安全有效放大的重要保证.本文介绍了一种新型的由色散棱镜与光栅组合而成的反射式棱栅对展宽器.并利用光线追迹法对色散进行了数值模拟,测量实验结果验证了理论计算的正确性.在此基础上,分析了以棱栅对为展宽器和ZF7玻璃材料为压缩器的下啁啾(down-chirped)脉冲放大系统中的色散比较传统的上啁啾脉冲放大系统,结果表明棱栅对可以同时提供负的二阶色散和三阶色散,这样能更好地补偿放大器中材料的高阶色散,从而获得近傅里叶变换极限的压缩脉冲.此外以块材料作为压缩器不仅提高了传输效率,而且简化了实验装置,增强了系统的稳定性.这样的展宽压缩组合在高重复频率的飞秒啁啾脉冲放大系统中具有明显优势.
A new reflective grism, which combines together the grating and prism, is introduced in this paper. The numerical simulation, based on the ray tracing, shows that the grism pair can introduce minus GVD and GDD;therefore it can well compensate for the material dispersions in the chirped pulse amplifier (CPA). Compared to the conventional CPA with up-chirp, the new scheme with down-chirp can support a near Fourier Transform-limited compressed pulse due to much better compensation for high-order dispersion of materials in amplifier, in which the grism acts as the stretcher and the ZF7 bulk material as the compressor. In addition, the improved transmission efficiency and simplified configuration makes it a promising way to amplify femtosecond laser pulses to sub-mJ at a high repetition rate.

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采用环形再生腔结构的啁啾脉冲放大技术方案,在重复频率100 Hz,单脉冲能量33.1 mJ的532 nm激光抽运下,从钛宝石激光中获得了单脉冲能量9.84 mJ的放大输出,对应的斜效率达33.1%.在重复频率10 Hz的情况下,同样获得了单脉冲能量为9.64 mJ,对应斜效率达36.8%的高效率放大结果.通过色散补偿压缩该啁啾激光脉冲后的单脉冲能量为6.36 mJ,脉冲宽度为59.7 fs.测量结果表明典型的能量不稳定度为1.85%.
@@@@Based on chirped-pulse amplification technology, a ring cavity Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier with high output energy is demonstrated. Under the 532 nm pump energy of 33.1 mJ at a repetition rate of 100 Hz, the chirped laser pulse with energy of 9.84 mJ is obtained, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 33.1%. Instead, using the pump laser with energy of 32.0 mJ at a repetition rate of 10 Hz, we also obtain 9.64 mJ pulse energy with a corresponding slope efficiency of 36.8%. By optimizing the dispersion among all optical materials, stretcher and compressor, the shortest pulse has an energy of 6.36 mJ and a pulse width of 59.7 fs, and the energy fluctuation is 1.85%(RMS) over 4000 shots after the compressor. The performances show that it may pave the way for ultrafast applications and serves as a front stage toward TW even PW laser system with high contrast ratio.

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针对高能量千赫兹重复频率飞秒激光的应用需求,设计了一套采用线性再生腔结构的高效率飞秒钛宝石激光啁啾脉冲放大系统.通过优化腔型设计,在重复频率为1 kHz、单脉冲能量为20 mJ的527 nm激光抽运下,将展宽后的800 nm啁啾脉冲激光的能量放大到5.8 mJ,对应斜效率达到30.7%.进一步通过色散补偿压缩脉冲宽度,获得了单脉冲能量为4 mJ、脉冲宽度为45.7 fs的输出,稳定性测量表明激光的能量抖动仅为0.18%(均方根值).
To meet the application requirements for high energy kHz repetition rate femtosecond laser, a high-e?ciency fem-tosecond Ti:sapphire linear regenerative amplifier is designed. By optimizing the parameters of the cavity, 5.8 mJ chirped pulses at 800 nm are obtained, under pump energy of 20 mJ with wavelength of 527 nm at 1 kHz repetition rate, corresponding to a slope e?ciency of 30.7%. By compensating for the dispersion, 4 mJ laser pulses at 800 nm with pulse duration of 45.7 fs are achieved. The energy fluctuation is 0.18%(RMS) in 5 h.

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为了研究半导体光放大器(SOA)中自相位调制(SPM)效应对光信号传输性能的影响，从SOA中光脉冲的传输方程出发，采用数学推导的方法，分析了SPM效应的产生机理，得到了光脉冲经SOA放大后的时域和频域变化特性，并针对无啁啾和带啁啾光脉冲两种情况进行了仿真研究。结果表明：SPM导致了光脉冲时域波形的“倾斜”和频谱的红移，并且随增益的变大“倾斜”和红移的程度增强；啁啾系数的符号决定了频谱是红移还是蓝移。
In order to study the transmission properties of optical signal influenced by self- phase modulation (SPM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), based on the transmission equation, the generation principle of SPM was analyzed, the temporal and spectral characteristics of pulse transmitting through the SOA were obtained, the simulations are made separately to the pulse with no chirp and pulse with chirp. The result shows that SPM makes the shape of pulse decline and makes the spectrum broaden to lower frequency, and the degree of declination and broadening increases with growth of the gain of SOA, the sign of chirp coefficient determines whether the spectrum will be broadened to the high frequency or to the lower frequency.

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报道了一种通过预先对信号光脉冲非线性整形，进而在光纤放大器中实现自相似演化的方法.利用透射光栅对和普通单模光纤组成被动脉冲整形装置，预先优化脉冲的时域宽度和光谱质量，使脉冲在光纤放大器中快速演化到自相似子.研究中首先通过数值模拟对比，说明了非线性整形对脉冲实现快速自相似放大的关键作用，提高了放大器输出脉冲质量，减小了去啁啾脉冲宽度.实验中，通过优化非线性整形输出，在2.2 m长的掺Yb3+光纤中，在一定抽运功率范围内均实现了脉冲自相似放大，去啁啾后得到脉冲宽度60 fs的变换极限脉冲输出.这种非线性脉冲预整形方法有效减小了自相似演化所需光纤长度，同时降低了自相似放大对种子源质量的要求，首次将全正色散光纤锁模激光器成功用于自相似放大，促进了当前自相似放大系统的全光纤化.
A nonlinear pre-shaper which optimizes initial pulses for self-similar evolution in a following short fiber amplifier is demon-strated. It consists of a pair of transmission gratings and a segment of single mode fiber, by which pulses are shaped temporally and spectrally before amplification. To confirm the benefit of nonlinear pre-shaping for the self-similar evolution, pulse amplifications with and without the nonlinear pre-shaper are simulated. From comparison, pulses optimized by nonlinear pre-shaper show a shorter pulse duration, less pedestal and broader spectrum after amplification and compensation. With this optimization, the self-similar am-plification can be realized in a 2.2-meter Yb3+-doped fiber in a large range of pump power, generating 60 fs transform-limited pulses after compression. This nonlinear pre-shaping method can efficiently shorten the fiber length and release the seed quality required for self-similar amplification. An all-normal dispersion mode-locked fiber l

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基于光谱扫描滤波原理,提出了一种利用光折变效应来提高啁啾脉冲信噪比的扫描滤波方法,并进行了理论分析。针对内置光折变晶体的Fabry-Perot(F-P)标准具光谱扫描滤波装置,定量分析了其透射谱特性,详细讨论了Fabry-Perot(F-P)标准具两平板的反射率、透射谱窗口带宽、外加场的控制参数以及信号光啁啾率变化等对啁啾脉冲信噪比的提升及其滤波透射率的影响。结果表明,F-P两平板的反射率越高,则透射谱越尖锐,透射窗口越窄,滤波效果也就越好。为了得到有效的信噪比提升,一般要求其反射率大于0.99;外加场的控制和信号光啁啾率的变化对扫描滤波的影响较大,在实际工作中,应尽量保证外加场和啁啾率的精确控制,以确保信号光和滤波函数的同步匹配。针对中心波长800nm的啁啾信号脉冲,采用提出的光谱扫描滤波方法,对放大自发辐射(ASE)的随机噪声与预脉冲进行滤波,可得到近3个量级的信噪比提升效果。
Based on the principle of spectral scanning filtering method ,a new scanning filtering method for improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the chirped pulse by using the photorefractive effect was proposed and theoretically analyzed .For the scan-ning filtering implement of Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon with a built-in photorefractive crystal ,the transmittance spectral character-istics of the scanning filter were analyzed quantitatively .Furthermore ,the effects of the reflectivity of the parallel-plates of Fab-ry-Perot etalon ,the bandwidth of the transmittance spectral window ,the variation of the controlling parameters of the applied field and the variation of the chirped rate to the photorefractive crystal on the SNR improvement and the overall transmittance were discussed in details .The results show that the higher the reflectivity of the F-P parallel-plates is ,the transmittance spectral is sharper and the transmittance window is narrower ,resulting in the better filtering effect .I

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要实现光参量啁啾脉冲放大（OPCPA）系统稳定、高质量输出，需要同时对光参量放大和泵浦光倍频这两个非线性过程进行优化设计。在光参量放大系统优化设计中，建立了描述光参量放大过程的多种简化物理模型；通过模拟泵浦光和信号光口径匹配关系，分析了放大信号光空间两维对称性并提出了优化方法；建立了非线性晶体最佳长度确定及调谐方法，以实现信号光输出高稳定性。在泵浦光倍频系统优化设计过程中，提出应用位相失配法实现稳定倍频输出，研究表明这种方法不仅能实现倍频光能量起伏抖动远远小于基频光能量的起伏抖动，而且能减小泵浦光近场调制度和时间波形调制，极大地改善输出倍频光光束质量，进而提高0PCPA系统输出信号光质量。
This paper proposes that in order to realize high-quality and stable output from an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification(OPCPA)system,the two nonlinear courses included in an OPCPA system must be optimized at the same time. These two nonlinear courses are the optical parametric amplifying (OPA)course and the second harmonic generation(SHG) course of the pump.In order to optimize the parametric amplifier,several kinds of physical models are set up and they will be used to solve different kinds of problems.The analyzing method is set up to get symmetrical output signal in x and y from an op-tical parametric amplifier.The method of making certain the length of the nonlinear crystal is also set up to get the most stable OPA output.In the study of the second harmonic generation course,mismatched SHG is put forward to get stable second har-monic pump.The study shows that mismatched SHG can not only improve the stability of the pump,but also decrease the modu-lation in nea

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目前最为成熟的飞秒激光系统是基于啁啾脉冲放大技术（CPA）的太瓦级钛宝石飞秒激光系统。本文以东莞理工学院光电子技术实验室的钛宝石飞秒激光系统为例,主要介绍飞秒激光系统的组成和一些主流应用,为飞秒激光系统的搭建与商业化提供了可参考的路线和方向。
Currently the most mature femtosecond laser system is terawatt ( TW) Ti:Sapphire ( Ti:S) femtosecond laser sys-tem based on chirped pulse amplification( CPA) .Taking the Ti:S femtosecond laser system in the optoelectronic technology labora-tory of Dongguan University of Technology as an example, this paper mainly introduces the construction and some mainstream appli-cations of the femtosecond laser system, and provides the referable route and direction to build a femtosecond laser system and com-mercialization.

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利用主振荡功率放大(MOPA)结构高功率皮秒脉冲全光纤激光器,对高功率皮秒脉冲放大器中自相位调制(SPM)效应进行了实验研究。激光器种子源是自行搭建的半导体可饱和吸收镜(SESAM)被动锁模光纤激光器。为了抑制非线性效应,使用一个自制重频倍增器把种子脉冲的重频增加到328 MHz后再放大。放大器部分采用三级放大结构,最终获得了中心波长为1 066.5 nm,3 dB光谱线宽约为2.5nm,平均功率为91W的稳定皮秒脉冲激光输出。实验对光脉冲在放大的过程中自相位调制引起的光谱变化进行了研究。对激光器输出光谱的分析表明,随着功率的增大,高功率光纤激光器中自相位调制效应受到入射脉冲的初始啁啾和脉冲形状的影响程度也随着变大,与此同时还受到自陡峭效应的影响。
An experimental research on self-phase modulation (SPM) of high power picosecond pulse amplifier was conducted by high-power all-fiber picosecond pulse fiber laser with an MOPA configuration. The seed source is a self-built fiber laser passively mode-locked by semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). To avoid nonlinear effect, the repetition rate of the seed pulse should be increased to 328 MHz through a self-made repetition multiplier before amplification. The amplifier employed a three-level amplifying structure and finally received a stable picosecond pulse laser output with a center wavelength of 1 066.5 nm, a 3 dB spectrum width of 2.5 nm, and an average power of 91 W. In the experiment, there was research on change of spectrum caused by SPM in the process of amplification. An analysis of the output spectrum of the laser demonstrates that with the increase of power, the influence of the initial chirp and the shape of the pulse on the SPM effect of high power fibe

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利用Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG键合微片激光晶体研制了被动调Q大能量窄脉冲的全固态激光器,激光器采用脉冲激光二极管泵浦方式,设计了本振级和两级放大结构,分析了激光器系统的自激振荡和其抑制方法,在激光器本振级获得稳定脉冲激光输出的基础上,当两级放大器泵浦电流分别为83A和85A时,获得了最大单脉冲输出能量为120mJ,脉冲宽度为1.28 ns的1 064 nm激光输出,激光通过倍频后可得到65mJ的532nm绿光输出,其窄脉宽和高光束质量特性可为飞秒激光器啁啾放大提供良好的泵浦源。
Nd:YAG/Cr4 +:YAG bonding microchip laser crystal was used to develop a passively Q-switched high pulse energy narrow pulse all solid state laser. The pulse laser diode (LD) pump was used in this all solid state laser. The structure of oscillator and twice amplifications were designed. Besides, the self-excited oscillation and the restraining method were also analyzed. On the basis of stable oscillator laser output, the 1 064 nm output laser was obtained when the electric current of twice amplifications were 83 A and 85 A, respectively. The maximum single pulse output energy of the output laser was 120 mJ and the pulse width of the output laser was 1.28 ns. A green laser which the single pulse output energy was 65 mJ and the wavelength was 532 nm was obtained by the method of frequency doubling. The characters of narrow pulse and high beam quality can be used to provide a good pumping sources for the femtosecond lasers chirped pulse amplification.

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