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双语推荐：国家权威

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作为国家根本大法的宪法必须具有最高效力和最高权威，任何与宪法相冲突的立法和公权行为都必然因违宪而无效。维护宪法权威绝不能借助于个人权威，而必须依靠健全的宪法保障制度建设才能达成，此一方面的任何“天衣之缝”都可能导致宪法权威的崩解。对于致力于依宪治国的中国立宪实践而言，建立健全宪法自我保障制度乃是维系宪法权威的唯一路径选择。
As the highest law of the country,constitution must have the highest legal effect and the greatest au- thority,the legislations and the behaviors of public power which are in conflict with the constitution must be invalid because of their unconstitutionality. Safeguarding the authority of the Constitution must on no account fall back on personal authority,but rather depend on a sound constitutional guarantee system to achieve the goal,while any suture of the system would lead to the Constitution''s breakdown. In the context of''the rule of constitutional law in China,establishing and improving comprehensive constitutional self - guarantee system is the only way to safeguard the authority of constitution.

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网络时代高职思政课教师作为知识权威受到挑战，存在意义备受质疑，但本文认为作为价值权威，高职思政课教师不可或缺。高职思政课教师应该从国家、社会、个人的角度自觉承担主流意识形态捍卫者、社会良知、完整人格的塑造者等价值权威角色。
The teachers for higher vocational education ideology and politics courses, as knowledge authority, are challenged in the network era, and the existence of their role is questioned. But the author argued that, as a value authority, the teachers for high-er vocational education ideology and politics courses are indis-pensable. The teachers for higher vocational education ideology and politics courses should be the mainstream ideology defenders from the country''s perspective, the social conscience shapers from the social perspective, and the complete personality shapers from the individual perspective.

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政治国家权威以公民的政治认同为基据,秉持稳固的民族国家观念和深厚的政治信仰是培育公民美德的关键要素。《利维坦法哲学》对合法性权威、文化认同和政治美德等核心问题进行了深刻梳理。全球化时代的文化矛盾与政治冲突,使得民族国家观念仍然是培养公民政治美德、文化认同和政治义务观念的支点。
The political state authority is based on citizens''political identity. Adhering to a solid national state concept and deep political belief is the key element to foster civic virtue. The Leviathan of the Philosophy of Law by Dr. Zhu Xianghai makes a thorough analysis of legality authority,cultural identity,political virtue and other core is-sues. The cultural and political conflicts in the age of globalization get national state idea still to serve as a support-ing point of cultivating citizens'' political virtue,cultural identity and political obligation concept.

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对五省份2505名成年居民的实证研究结果显示，政治文化对城乡居民的体制外抗争具有显著的影响，其中，民主主义政治价值观与城乡居民的体制外抗争意向和行为显著正相关，权威主义政治价值观则对城乡居民的体制外抗争意向和行为施加着显著的负向影响。城乡居民共享一种“权威主义化的民主主义”政治文化，此乃当前中国社会的基本政治文化现实。此种政治文化既为国家在保持较高权威的前提下更进一步推进一种实质性的社会主义民主提供了强大的心理文化支撑，也对国家如何在保持较高权威的前提下提出了治理能力上的新的挑战。
Based on empirical study made on 2505 adult residents in five provinces through sampling sur-vey and statistical analysis , this study reveals that the political culture has a significant impact on the ways of urban and rural residents ’ resistance outside of the system .The research indicates that urban and rural residents both share a kind of political culture of “authoritarianism democratism”, which is the po-litical and cultural reality of current Chinese society .On the one hand , such political culture provides a strong psychological and cultural support for the state to maintain high authority and further promote so -cialist democracy .On the other hand , it presents a new challenge on government ability for the state to further promote socialist democracy under high authority .

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边防检查机关是由国家设在对外开放口岸,依法对出入境人员及其携带的行李物品、交通运输工具及其载运的货物实施出入境检查的行政机关;是公安机关的重要组成部分。边检民警的合法权益在执法过程中屡遭侵害,直接损害了国家的尊严、法律的权威,影响边检队伍的健康发展。本文针对这一特殊警种,归纳其在执法过程中权益受侵害的三种情形,指出由此所带来的对于国家形象、法律权威和警队发展的危害。在此基础上,重点分析了造成边检民警执法权益保障不足的主要原因,提出了相应的对策,以期能为相关业界保护边检民警执法权益提供有益参考。
Located in open ports and designated by the state, the frontier inspection office is an administrative organ, and an important part of the public security organ with the implementation of inspection to the entry-exit people and their luggage, means of transport and its carrying cargo according to the law. The legitimate rights and interests of the border police are repeatedly infringed in the process of law enforcement, which directly threatens the national dignity, the legal authority, and affects the healthy development of the inspection team. Aiming at this special police, this paper summarizes three forms of infringement in the enforcement process, and points out its harm to the national image, legal authority and the police development. On this basis, this article analyzes the main causes which lead to the inadequate protection of border police’s law enforcement rights, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, in order to provide a useful reference for relevant departments

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现代国家可以区分为国家与人民两个可以识别的部分。国家与人民的关系构成现代国家构建的核心命题。从社会契约的维度来看,现代国家构建就是解决现代国家的合法性问题。社会契约理论从人民具有不可剥夺的自然权利出发,经由社会契约重构了国家与人民的关系。一方面,人民基于契约承担服从的义务,另一方面,一个合法的政治权威来源于作为被统治者的人民的认同。经由社会契约,完成了契约国家的观念再造,实现了现代国家的重构。
The state and the people can be identified in the modern nation . The relationship between the state and the people is core proposition for the state building . From the perspective of social contract , the purpose and mission of the state building is to solve the legality of the modern nation . From the people''inalienable natural rights , the social contract theory has reconstructed the relationship between the state and the people . T he people should have obligations of obeying the contract , and the legitimate political authority has derived from the people''s consent . The social contract theory has promoted the concept of the modern nation , and has guided the reconstruction of constitutionalism , democracy and the rule of law for the modern nation .

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"天地图"是国家地理信息公共服务平台,"天地图"旅游是基于"天地图"的旅游地理信息服务平台。"天地图"旅游频道以"天地图"2.0的地理信息数据为基础,聚合国家旅游局的权威旅游信息资源,拥有丰富、全面、权威、可靠、精准的综合旅游信息,并将旅游资源与在线地图服务紧密结合,实现了各类旅游信息的空间定位、分类表达和查询检索,向公众提供专业、特色的基于空间位置的旅游地理信息服务。本文介绍以天地图为基础平台的旅游地理信息服务系统设计,实现国家级、省级、市级旅游信息资源的服务聚合与协同,向用户提供旅游地理信息"一站式"服务。
TIANDITU is the public version of the National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Service, and the travelling channel is TIANDITU-based geographic information platform for travelling service. The travelling channel of TIANDITU focuses on providing travel information abundantly and precisely, which integrated the geographic information data of TIANDITU Version 2.0 and the authoritative information resources from China National Tourism Administration. This paper introduced the design of TIANDITU-based geographic information system for travelling service, aimed to integrate the travelling information resources from national, provincial and municipal levels, and finally realized to provide“one stop”travelling service for users.

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在政治哲学史上,霍布斯是位颇具争议的政治思想家,其主权权威与公民自由的思想主张被认为是充满理论张力的,实际上,霍布斯主张主权权威和公民自由是相容的。霍布斯企图从基于人的自保本性和恐惧心理出发,设计出利维坦式的主权权威来赢得社会秩序,实现现代政治秩序的再生产;用全新的自由内涵置换古典共和主义的自由之义,迎来了近代自由主义自由的诞生;公民自由和政治秩序的融合与两者的兼得,是霍布斯设计利维坦式国家的真正鹄的,开启了近代政治哲学的新局面。
Hobbes is a debatable thinker in political philosophy history .There is theoretical tension be-tween sovereignty authority and civil liberty in his thought .In fact, his opinion of sovereignty authority and civil liberty is consistent and reconciled .Hobbes devises Leviathan ’ s sovereignty authority to gain social or-der, on the basis of human self -protection and fear in psychology .He replaces liberty connotation of classical republicanism by new liberal concept , and promotes the emerge of modern liberalism .The end of Hobbes’ Levia-than is to realize reconciliation of civil liberty and political order ,create a new age of modern political philosophy .

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“国家引导的经济发展模式”是中国在迈向现代国家进程中表现出的显著特征，国家推动的发展战略以其“后发优势”引世界所瞩目。但是转型社会引发的复杂社会问题也在检视和挑战国家权威，国家自主性的合法性基础不仅体现在经济绩效上，而且更要体现在民众对国家的深度心理认同之上。国家自主性如何维系、如何克服自主性自身的悖论、如何吸纳市场经济和社会自治的改革需求成为探讨中国发展道路必须要解决的时代难题。
China’s model of economy development of state supervision is a prominent character in the process that China becomes a modern state, development strategy of state supervision brings post-development advantage which evokes the interest of the whole world, but these complicated social questions that a transitional society has brought about is challenging the state authorization. The foundation of the state autonomy bases not only on the economy efficiency, but also on the people’s deep state recognition. How does the state autonomy maintain, how does the state autonomy overcome itself’s paradox, how does the state absorb the reformation requests of market economy and the society autonomy are the era questions that we must solve in the development of China.

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国家治理是政府等治理主体在政治、经济、社会等多个维度上运用权威配置资源、维持秩序的一个过程,它具有过程性、协调性和持续互动等特征。国家治理体系和治理能力是一个国家制度和制度执行能力的集中体现。国家治理体系是在党领导下管理国家的制度体系,包括经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明和党的建设等各领域体制机制、法律法规安排,也就是一整套紧密相连、相互协调的国家制度;国家治理能力则是运用国家制度管理社会各方面事务的能力,包括改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军等各个方面。
Government by the State, or National Governance, is a multi -dimensional process whereby resources are allocated and social order maintained using state authority. As such it is characterized by due process, coordination, and continual interaction. The State’s governing system and governing capability reflects the power of its institutions. This system comprises the entire administrative system of the State under the leadership of the Party, including economic, political, cultural, social, ecological mechanisms and arrangements. Governing capability comprises the ability to utilize the institutions to manage and administer the affairs of the society, including domestic stability, foreign affairs, national defense, and party affairs.

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