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双语推荐：奶牛子宫内膜炎

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奶牛子宫内膜炎是造成奶牛不孕的主要原因之一,严重影响奶牛业的发展。奶牛子宫内膜炎炎症发展过程中,多种因素对奶牛子宫的免疫调节均有不同程度的影响。奶牛子宫内的免疫防御机制主要是通过细胞免疫和体液免疫在起作用,其作用过程主要是通过子宫的特异性免疫和非特异性免疫在发挥作用。目前对奶牛子宫炎具有免疫调控作用的物质主要有细胞因子、激素、天然产物及抗原等,这些物质通过刺激奶牛机体的免疫应答,或者提高机体的免疫力而对奶牛子宫的炎症起到调理作用。论文从不同角度、不同层面对奶牛子宫内膜炎免疫机制及免疫调控进行了综述,对于奶牛子宫内膜炎进一步深入研究,研发预防和治疗该病的新型免疫制剂及疫苗提供参考。
Cow endometritis is considered to be one of the important factors of infertility w hich blocked the development of dairy industry .The immunoregulation of uterus is affected by many factors at different de-gree during the course of endometritis development .The main immune defense mechanisms of uterus in cows include cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity which work through specific immunity and non-specific immunity ,respectively .At the present ,it is reported that immunoregulation substances (cy-tokines ,hormone ,natural product and antigen et al ) could stimulate immune response or enhance immuni-ty of cow to regulate inflammation in cow uterus .This paper summarized immunologic mechanisms and immunoregulation involved cow endometritis ,which will be the foundation for further study of this disease and guideline of the new immune preparations and vaccines to prevent and cure cow endometritis .

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为了探讨黏蛋白-1(MUC-1)的表达与奶牛子宫内膜炎的关系,本试验在屠宰场采集奶牛子宫样本12个,通过形态学和制作组织切片观察病理变化,将子宫样本分成健康组和炎症组,分别提取各组子宫组织中的总RNA,扩增MUC-1基因,采用凝胶电泳和灰度扫描的方法,计算MUC-1的相对表达量。结果发现,子宫内膜炎患牛子宫组织中MUC-1 mRNA的表达量显著高于健康组(P0.05)。可以推测,MUC-1参与了奶牛子宫内膜组织的炎症过程。
The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between sticky protein 1 (MUC - 1) and endometrial inlfammation. A total of 12 inlfammatory and healthy uterine horns were collected, we conifrmed the pathological changes of the samples by tissue section method, then divided them into two groups (healthy and inlfammation groups), RNA of the organizations were extracted, PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis method were used to detect the MUC-1 mRNA expression in the samples. Results showed that the expression of MUC-1 mRNA in bovine endometrial tissue inflammation group was significantly higher than the healthy cows (P<0.05). The conclusion was drawn that cow endometritis could induce the MUC-1 high expression of endometrial tissue.

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研究黑龙江省奶牛主要肠外致病（奶牛乳房炎、子宫内膜炎）大肠埃希菌的种系分类群。用PCR扩增具有种系分类群标记的chuA、YJiaA基因和TSPE4．C2DNA片段的方法，对黑龙江省84株来源于奶牛乳房炎和41株来源于奶牛子宫内膜炎的大肠埃希菌进行种系进化群分类。奶牛乳房炎所检测菌株中A进化种系群占11．90％。B1种系进化群占88．10％。奶牛子宫内膜炎所检测菌株中A种系进化群占14．63％，B1种系进化亚群占85．37％。未检测到属于B2和D群的肠外强毒力株。大肠杆菌分离株接种小鼠剖检可见明显病变。通过遗传进化分析，引起黑龙江奶牛肠外致病大肠埃希菌主要属于B1种系进化群，为奶牛乳房炎和子宫内膜炎疫苗的研制提供理论依据。
Researched distribution of phylogenetic groups among extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from bovine mastitis,Bovine endometritis in Heilongjiang. 84 E.coli isdates from bovine mastitis and 41 E.coli isdates from Bovine endometritis in Heilongjiang were PCR amplified for genetic markers of chuA,yjaA and TSPE4.C2. The result showed that 11.90% E.coli isolates belonged to group A and 88.10%to group B1 from bovine mastitis,14.63%E.coli isolates belonged to group A and 85.37%to group B1 from Bovine endometritis,no-one belonged to B2 and D groups. Obviously pathological changes were observed in internal organs of dissected experiment mouse. Extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli isolates from bovine for the predominant Phylogenetic group was group B1,this research provided a theoretical basis to prepare bovine mastitis and endometritis vaccine.

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本试验在唐山7个地区奶牛场进行了奶牛子宫内膜炎发病情况调查,数据表明唐山地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的平均发生率为21.25%。对42份子宫内膜炎患牛的子宫洗出液样品进行病原菌分离、鉴定,分离出7种细菌共计141株菌株。对所有分离株进行9种药物的敏感性试验,结果表明,病原菌对庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、卡那霉素敏感。
Dairy endometritis happens frequently in cattle farms and has brought large economic loss to dairy industry. The test was to study the epidemiology of cow endometritis. The results of investigation were as follows: the average occurrence rate of cow endometritis was 21.25% in Tangshan. By the isolation and identification of the pathogenic bacteria, totally 7 kinds and 141 strains of bacteria were isolated from the 42 milk samples. The drug sensitivity tests were carried out for the isolated pathogens in vitro, results showed that drugs of the most sensitive effect to the pathogen were florfenicol, ciprofloxacin and kanamycin.

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为了探讨产后奶牛子宫机能恢复的有效治疗方案,本试验随机选择生殖正常的荷斯坦奶牛,在产后特定时间内注射缩宫素、氯前列烯醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、促黄体释放激素A3,并结合中药制剂和土霉素,直肠检查产后子宫形态,观察产后子宫恶露排放情况以及发情时间,统计受胎率,分析产后奶牛子宫机能的恢复状况。结果显示：试验组（A组）产后奶牛在30和45 d内发情率分别为75%、85%,60 d内的受胎率为55%,极显著高于对照组（B组）。A组中恶露排尽的时间,子宫孕角以及子宫颈恢复的时间要比B组提前,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;由此得出：以缩宫素、氯前列腺素、苯甲酸雌二醇、促黄体释放激素A3结合中药制剂和土霉素的治疗方案,可有效的加快奶牛产后恶露的排放和子宫机能的恢复,而且可以有效的预防和治疗子宫内膜炎、卵巢囊肿等产后疾病,起到了提高受胎率,缩短产犊间隔的作用。
To explore the effective remedy to cure uterus of the postpartum cows,certain Holstein cows were first randomly selected from cows with normal reproductive capability and were injected with Oxytocin,Cloprostenol,Estradiol Benzoate,and Luteinizing Hormone Ereleasing A3 as well as herbs and oxytetracycline after postpartum.Then we examined the uterus shape through rectal,observed lochia emissions and estrous interval,and accounted their conception rate to analyze these cows′ uterine recovery.The result showed that in the experimental group (group A),the estrus rate within 30 d and 45 d were 75% and 85%,respectively.Meanwhile,the conception rate was 55% within postpartum 60 d,which was significantly higher than the control group (group B).Besides,lochia emissions as well as the recovery of uterine horn and cervix uterus in group A were earlier than group B,and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01).Thus,the remedy of combining Oxytocin,Cloprostenol,Estradiol Benzoate

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细菌感染是引起奶牛子宫内膜炎发生的主要病因，兽医临床多采用抗菌药物疗法对其进行治疗。但该治疗方法易造成耐药菌株的产生和兽药残留等问题，因此，研制高效、低毒、低残留的中草药制剂将为治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎提供新的治疗手段。设计了8种单提复配中草药配方、6种共煎中草药配方以及12种中西药复合配方，通过药物敏感性试验，分别测定了上述配方对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和链球菌3种奶牛子宫内膜炎主要致病菌的抑菌活性，从中优选出了最佳配方7A（中西药复合配方）。该配方对3种致病菌均有良好的抑制效果，有望作为治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的药物应用于兽医临床。
Bacterial infection was the main cause of cow endometritis, and antibacterial treatment was commonly used to treat this disease in the veterinary clinic. However,the drug resistance, drug residues and other problems were easily caused by the antibacterial treatment. Therefore, development of Chinese herbal medicine with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue would provide a new therapeutic method for the treatment of cow endometritis. 8 kinds of single compound formulae, 6 kinds of water decoction formulae and 12 kinds of Chinese and western compound formulae were designed. The antibacterial activities of the above formulae to three main pathogenic bacteria of cow endometritis (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and streptococcus) were determined by drug sensitivity test. The optimum formula was optimized as formula 7A (a kind of Chinese and western compound formula). Formula 7A had better antibacterial effects on three main pathogenic bacteria, and it was expecte

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为了考察中药复方灌注液对奶牛子宫内膜炎自然病例的临床治疗效果，将确诊患有急性子宫内膜炎的病牛40头，随机分为5组（A组～E组），每组8头，其中A ，B ，C组分别为中药复方灌注液高、中、低剂量组，分别子宫内灌注中药复方灌注液150，100，50 m L／次，隔天1次，连用3次；D组为阳性药物对照组，子宫内灌注双黄连注射液100 m L／次，隔天1次，连用3次；E组为疾病对照组，不给药，另选择临床健康奶牛8头作为健康对照组（F组），不给药。结果表明，中药复方灌注液能显著降低急性子宫内膜炎病牛子宫颈口黏液白细胞数和血液白细胞数，临床症状明显改善，其中高、中剂组效果较好，说明该中药复方灌注液对奶牛急性子宫内膜炎自然病例具有显著治疗效果，推荐临床使用剂量为100 m L／次，隔天1次，连用3次。
To investigate the clinical effect of compound Chinese medicine perfusate to acute endometritis in cows ,40 cows ,diagnosed with acute endometritis ,were randomly divided into five groups (group A‐E) ,8 cows in every group .Groups A ,B ,C are compound Chinese medicine perfusate high ,medium and low dose groups ,respectively ,within uterine perfusion 150 ,100 ,50 mL each time every two days ,3 times continuously ;group D was positive control group ,intrauterine infusion SHL injection 100 mL each time ;Group E is a disease control group ,not administration .Then 8 healthy cows served as control group (group F) .The results showed that compound Chinese medicine perfusate can significantly reduce the number of leukocytes in the cervix mucus and blood of cows with endometritis ,clinical symptoms im‐proved significantly ,Among them ,the effects in high and middle dose groups were better .It indicated that Chinese herbal compound perfusate has a significant therapeutic effect to c

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为调查河南平顶山地区奶牛场子宫内膜炎致病菌的种类、致病性和耐药性,采集了某牛场29头患子宫内膜炎奶牛的子宫内容物,进行细菌分离鉴定,小鼠攻毒试验及细菌药敏试验。共分离出蜡样芽胞杆菌、大肠埃希菌、奥斯陆莫拉菌等18种(52株)细菌,其中蜡样芽胞杆菌、奥斯陆莫拉菌、大肠埃希菌检出率较高,分别为41.4%(12/29)、20.7%(6/29)、17.2%(5/29)。小鼠致病性结果显示,大肠埃希菌对小鼠致病性最强,腹腔攻毒后2d内小鼠全部死亡;蜡样芽胞杆菌次之,腹腔攻毒后2d内致死率为75%,奥斯陆莫拉菌攻毒后2d内致死率为50%。药敏试验结果显示,蜡样芽胞杆菌、奥斯陆莫拉菌、大肠埃希菌均对阿莫西林和氨苄西林表现为耐药;对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、强力霉素均表现为高度敏感。结果说明,蜡样芽胞杆菌、大肠埃希菌、奥斯陆莫拉菌为该地区奶牛子宫内膜炎主要致病菌;环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、强力霉素可作为该地区奶牛治疗子宫内膜炎的首选药物。
Bacterial isolation and identification and drug sensitive test were conducted on intrauterine con-tents of 29 cows with endometritis in a dairy farm in Pingdingshan.There were 18 species(52 strins)bacte-ria in the 29 samples,such as Bacillus cereus ,E.coli,Moraxella osloensis ,in which Bacillus cereus , Moraxella osloensis and E.coli had the highest detection rates with 41.4%(12/29),20.7% (6/29)and 17.2% (5/29),respectively;Results of pathogenicity tests in mice showed that E.coli,Chryseobacterium meningosepticum,Streptococcus dysgalactiae ,Bacillus thuringiensis and Chryseobacterium indologenes had the strongest pathogenicity,with all of the mice died in 2 days;Bacillus cereus came second,with 3 mice died in 2 days after abdominal injection and the fatality rate was 75%,Moraxella osloensis came third in 2 days after,the fatality rate was 50%.Drug sensitivity tests showed that Bacillus cereus ,Moraxella osloensis ,E.coli showed drug resistance to amoxicillin and ampicillin but were hig

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子宫内膜细胞体外培养技术在研究动物子宫内膜生理功能、繁殖障碍疾病机制及治疗药物筛选等过程中具有重要的作用和意义。论文就国内外有关奶牛子宫内膜细胞体外培养技术中常用的分离、纯化和鉴定等方法以及该细胞体外模型相关应用进行综述,为探索简便、高效的奶牛子宫内膜细胞体外培养方法及国内有关奶牛子宫内膜生理病理的分子细胞学研究提供参考。
Endometrial cell culture in vitro has a central role and significance in researches on animal endom-etrial physiology function,pathogenesis of reproductive disorders,and screening of therapeutic drugs.The review focused on cow endometrial cell culture methods commonly used in separation,purification and i-dentification as well as the related applications in vitro in the domestic and oversea.It will provide the clue to explore out some kinds methods to effectively culture and research cow′s endometrium cell in vitro .It has an important reference value to the molecular and cytology research on physiology and pathology of dairy cow′s endometrium in domestic.

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