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双语推荐：屈光发育

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眼球屈光的发育依赖于视觉环境,干扰正常的视觉环境可影响屈光的发育.对于视觉系统而言,不仅要感知物体的明暗、形状、运动状态,还要区分物体的颜色.色觉作为视觉刺激中辨别和感知物体特性的重要组成部分,直接作用于视网膜视锥细胞,通过多种途径改变眼球的形态、代谢及功能,从而影响眼球的屈光发育.
The ocular refraction development is dependent on the visual environment.Interference with normal visual environment can affect the refractive development.The vision system is not only responsible for the perception of object in the shape,light and shade,motion,but also charge of distinguishing the color of the object.As an important part of visual stimuli in discrimination and perceptual object properties,the chromatic vision directly affect the retinal cone cells and then change the morphology,metabolism and function of eyeball,thus affecting the eye refractive development through a variety of ways.

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目的：探索婴幼儿屈光状态发育规律，以确立弱视高危人群及早期干预时机。方法：利用Suresight手持式自动验光仪在儿童保健门诊收集6月龄～3岁婴幼儿共2447例4894眼的屈光值，分成7个年龄段分析其屈光分布特点和发育规律。结果：婴幼儿4894眼的眼屈光主要分布在远视和散光状态；获得各年龄组的球镜、柱镜的均数和标准差，P25～P／75和P5～P95参考值范围；6月龄～3岁，7个年龄段的球镜、柱镜屈光值有不断下降趋势，但在1．5岁后变化无统计学意义。结论：以球镜偏离出P25～P75、柱镜高出P75范围为弱视可疑人群，以球镜偏离出P5～P95柱镜高出P95范围为弱视高危人群，对异常人群密切随访；高度屈光不正的最早干预年龄可以从1．5岁开始。
AIM: To analyze the refractive development in infants, to screen for the high risk group for infant refractive error and to explore the best timing for early intervention of the condition. METHODS:Noncycloplegic refraction data in 7 stages of age (6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months) were collected with Suresight autorefractor from 2 447 healthy infants ( 4 894 eyes ) . The development and distribution of refraction were analyzed. RESULTS:Most of the 4 894 eyes were found to be hyperopic and astigmatic. The mean and standard deviation of sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent for seven age groups from 1.5 years as well as reference ranges ( P25 ~P75 and P5 ~ P95 ) were obtained. Hypermetropic and astigmatic refractive error reduced rapidly with age until the age of 1.5 years old, after which they did not change significantly. CONCLUSION:In infants, spherical lens deviating from P25 ~P75 ( D ) and cylindrical lens exceeding P75 ( D ) amblyopia are the suspected signs of amblyopia, a

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近视是一种高发病率的眼部疾病,除了遗传因素的影响,后天的视觉环境对眼的近视形成影响尤为重要.光环境中不同的光照条件可以影响眼球的屈光发育,光照度就是其中一项重要的光照参数.近年来许多学者针对光照度对眼球屈光发育的影响展开了广泛研究并讨论其可能的机制,探究光照度这一环境因素对近视发病机制研究有重要意义
Myopia is a highly prevalent eye disease.In addition to genetic faetors,the visual environment after birth is very important to the formation of myopia.Different ambient light conditions can affect the refractive development of the eyes and one of the important parameters is illumination level.Many researchers are now paying increasing anention to the influence of illumination on refractive development and discussing its possible meehanism.This paper reviews the dramatic significance of illumination on the pathogenesis of myopia.

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屈光参差是指两眼屈光度的程度和(或)性质有一定的差别,其主要相关原因是由于双眼眼轴长度发育不平衡。立体视觉是人类和高等动物所特有的一项高级视功能,同时也是人类从事多种工作及日常生活中必备的一种重要功能。屈光参差引起的视网膜像模糊和不等像视是影响立体视觉的主要原因。屈光参差矫正方法不同,对立体视觉的影响也是不同的。
Anisometropia means a certain difference between two eyes in the degree of diopter and ( or ) the nature of diopter.The main associated reason is due to the eyes ocular axial length development imbalance. However, stereopsis is the highest visual function of human beings and higher animals, which is necessary for working people in daily life. The main reason of effecting on binocularity is retinal image blur and aniseikonia caused by uncorrected anisometropia. Different methods of anisometropia correction have different effects on stereo vision.

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目的分析儿童屈光不正在发育过程中的特性,探索以屈光要素测量值对5~13岁儿童的屈光状态进行预测分析。方法选取2011年1月至2012年9月于该院眼科门诊就诊的5~13岁儿童共461例(922只眼),经1%阿托品眼用凝胶连续散瞳5d后验光测得静态屈光度,并用角膜曲率计和A超测得各屈光要素测量值,同时测量身高、体质量参数并记录优势眼,分析儿童屈光不正在发育过程中的特性,并用多元逐步回归分析建立静态屈光度与相关屈光要素测量值及生长发育因素间关系的预测方程。结果 (1)右眼静态屈光度的近视化程度较左眼明显(P0.05);左眼为优势眼组中,左右眼各屈光要素比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);右眼为优势眼组中,除右眼水平径角膜曲率大于左眼(P0.05),其余各值左右眼差异无统计意义(P0.05)。(2)在5~13岁,女生的近视进展趋势要早于男生。(3)儿童的眼轴长度(AL)和身高(H)密切相关,AL=16.135+0.052×H(R=0.993)。(4)静态屈光度(D)与角膜曲率均值(K)、AL间关系的多元线性回归方程:D=84.271-0.937×K-1.878×AL(R=0.871)。结论眼轴长度和身高发育密切相关,5~13岁儿童的静态屈光度可以根据角膜曲率均值与眼轴长度进行预测。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of children ametropia in the development process ,predict and analyze the refractive state with the measurement data of refractive factors on the children aged from 5 to 13 years old .Methods 461 children (922 eyes) ,aged from 5 to 13 years old ,were selected from outpatients who went to ophthalmology clinic from January 2011 to September 2012 .The static diopter was measured by the optometry with the continuous mydriasis of 5 days using the ophthalmic gel of 1% atropine .And the biological measured values of refractive factors were obtained by the A type ultrasonic and keratome-ter .Meanwhile ,the parameters including the height (H) ,weight and the dominant eye were recorded to analyze the characteristics of children ametropia in the development process ,and then the equation between the diopter and the correlative factors including the measurement data of refractive factors and growth factors was established by the stepwise multiple regres

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观察Suresight手持式自动验光仪在社区健康服务中心(社康中心)婴幼儿屈光筛查中的使用情况。方法:采用Suresight手持式自动验光仪对我院下属社区健康服务中心2013-06/12的836例1 672眼儿童保健婴幼儿进行屈光筛查。结果:婴幼儿836例1 672眼中屈光异常202眼,可疑38眼,共转诊240眼,转诊率14.35%;经眼科确诊屈光异常172眼,转诊者屈光异常阳性率71.67%,其中,予以配镜矫正46眼,占筛查人数2.75%,重点监测126眼,占筛查人数7.54%。结论:在社区健康服务中心开展Suresight手持式自动验光仪对婴幼儿进行屈光筛查,方便有效,与上属医院眼科配合双向转诊,能够更早监测和干预婴幼儿的视力发育。
AIM: To observe the application of Suresight handheld auto- refractometer in measuring diopter of infants in Community Health Service Center. METHODS:Totally 836 cases ( 1 672 eyes ) from June 2013 to December 2013 were examined diopter of infants by Suresight handheld auto-refractometer in Community Health Service Center. RESULTS: Within 1 672 eyes of 836 infants were examined, 202 eyes were diagnosed ametropia, 38 eyes were suspicious, 240 eyes were transferred to the department of ophthalmology, the referral rate was 14.35%; 172 eyes were diagnosed ametropia, and the diagnosis rate of the referral patients was 71. 67%. Among 172 eyes, 46 eyes were provided with corrected glasses, accounting for 2. 75% of the number of screening, and 126 eyes were given intensive monitoring, accounting for 7.54% of the number of screening. CONCLUSION: Application of Suresight handheld auto-refractometer in refraction screening for infants in Community Health Service Center is convenient and effective

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目的对儿童眼球震颤患者视功能、屈光状态分布进行分析，探讨儿童眼球震颤的屈光矫正时机与方式，从而促进患儿的视觉发育，提高视功能。方法回顾性病例研究。收集2002年1月至2013年2月在北京儿童医院就诊的102例眼球震颤患儿的视力、双眼视功能、屈光状态、眼球震颤相关检查资料，将患儿分为3组：特发性组81例，白化病组10例，其他原因组11例。对患儿等效球镜度、散光的类型以及散光度进行分析。结果眼球震颤的患儿平均裸眼视力为4．20±0．34，最佳矫正视力为4．45±0．27，最佳矫正视力大多在4．3至4．7之间。特发性组等效球镜度为（一0．25±3．36）D，白化病组为（＋0．24±3．25）D，其他原因组为（＋1．03±3．12）D。白化病组患儿主要表现为远视性屈光不正。眼球震颤患儿有着较大比例的散光．其中特发性眼球震颤组比例为86％．白化病及其他类型眼球震颤患儿为100％。其中顺规散光是其主要散光形式，顺规散光比例分别为55％、70％、64％。结论眼球震颤患儿常伴发屈光不正，应早期通过屈光矫正进行干预，促进视觉发育，提高视功能。
Objective To determine the distribution of refractive errors and the degree and type of astigmatism in children with nystagmus.Methods This was a retrospective study of a larger sample of 102 children with nystagmus.They ranged in age from 11 months to 17 years old (average,51.9±41.5 months).The children were divided into 3 subtypes:idiopathic nystagmus group (81 patients),albino group (10 patients),and the remaining nystagmus group (11 patients).Refractive errors were evaluated objectively by cycloplegic refraction.Uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity were assessed.An analysis of the amplitude and intensity of the nystagmus was done with a computer analysis of the digitized data from an eye movement instrument (eye-link).Results Spherical equivalent refractive errors of the idiopathic nystagmus group,albino group,and the remaining nystagmus group were-0.25±3.36 D,+0.24±3.25 D and +1.03±3.12 D.With-the-rule astigmatism was prevalent among children wi

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视觉发育离不开正常的光信号刺激,良好的视觉环境对屈光发育尤为重要.随着人工有色光源在日常生活中的普及,逐渐替代自然光环境,可能干扰正常视觉发育过程.近年来国内外许多学者建立各种研究模型,观察不同人工有色光环境通过光学离焦、作为敏感视锥细胞中介信号、类似形觉剥夺以及调节不同蛋白分子等机制对正常及近视眼球生长和视觉发育产生影响,探讨可能的调控信号及通路,目前仍未完全明确.
Visual development is inseparable from the optical signals.The suitable visual environment is particularly important for the refractive development.However,with the gradual changing from the natural light to the artificial light environment,normal vision developmental processes is affected.The recent data and related clinical researches show that the precise pathogenesis is still unknown.The different color artifinal light affects the vision development through the possible mechanisms,such as optical defocus,being as agent signal of sensitive cone cells,simulating the vision deprived,or regulating the cell protein,etc..

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目的了解和探讨成都市成华区内2.5~6岁儿童视力情况,为幼儿园儿童集体眼保健工作提供理论基础。方法使用视力筛查仪随机选取成都市成华区所属幼儿园2.5~6岁儿童22500例进行视力测试,并统计分析筛选结果。结果 22500例儿童当中有1250例视力存在问题,占总筛查人数的5.5%,其中1188例为屈光不正。屈光不正中760例散光,356例远视,60例近视,12例斜视,其他眼病62例。在屈光不正中,屈光不正性弱视28例,占45%。结论 6岁以前是儿童视力发育关键期,常规进行视力筛查可以发现视力问题,特别是在6岁前发现弱视,可及时矫治,避免错过最佳治疗时机,造成终身遗憾。
Objective To discuss the vision situation of 2.5-6 years children in Chenghua district Chengdu city to provide envidence of eye care work. Methods Choosed 22500 2.5-6 years children in Chenghua district Chengdu city to do the optical screening and analyze the results. Results There were 1250 of 22500 children having vision problems, accounting for 5.5%, and 1188 cases ametropia. There were 760 cases of astigmatism, 356 cases of hyperopia, 60 cases of myopia, 12 cases of strabismus in ametropia. And there were 28 ametroic amblyopia, accounting for 45%in ametropia. Conclusion Before 6 years is the children''s vision development critical period, they should receive optical screening, especially amblyopia which could be corrected timely to avoid optimal opportunity for treatment.

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近视是一种临床常见的屈光不正，其发病率日益增高，目前被认为是一类全球性的健康问题．因此进行近视机制的临床和基础研究对于探索近视的预防和治疗方案具有重大的意义。屈光发育是一个多因素参与的复杂过程，根据流行病学类和『临床干预研究结果发现与近视发生发展相关的因素，利用近视动物模型和各种各样的实验方法，明确其因果关系，并进一步对近视的发生、发展机制进行更加深入广泛的研究，从而为今后临床上进行安全有效的近视干预奠定基础。
As one of the most popular refractive errors in clinic,the rising incidence of myopia is now considered as a global health problem,thus clinical and basic studies of myopia mechanism greatly contribute to the prevention and treatment of myopia.Refractive development is a complex process which many factors are involved in.These factors related to myopia development are explored by epidemiological and clinical intervention studies,then they are further investigated on myopia animal models or by various experimental methods to determine their causal relationship with myopia and further clarify the development mechanism of myopia,which lay the foundation for a safe and effective intervention of myopia clinically.

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