河流健康状况评价是河流管理和河流生态系统监控的基础。本文针对水电开发程度较高的岷江上游开展河流健康状态标识及评价研究。尝试从河流结构、生态环境功能、社会服务功能3个方面表征河流的健康状况,其中引入鱼类生物完整因子,结合岷江上游水生生态特点及国外研究现状拟定了12个指标对该因子进行表述;并采用多目标模糊评价模型,在确定岷江上游指标权重与指标标准特征值前提下,开展健康评价。评价结果表明:岷江上游由于电站的建设导致枯水期减水河段的河流动力大幅度下降;蜿蜒度以及水质状况良好;减水河段长度比及纵向连通性较差,岷江上游鱼类生物完整性属差的状态,社会环境功能指标一般,河流的综合健康状况处于较差状态,需采取一定措施对其进行生态修复以期恢复到相对健康的状态。

The evaluation of river health is the foundation of environmental management and ecosystem of the river monitoring .The pa-per study on the identification and evaluation of river health status in the upper reaches of Minjiang River in hydropower development of high -er level.Try from the stream structure, ecological function, social service function 3 aspects of river health.The introduction of biological integrity factor includes 12 indicators , combined with ecological characteristics of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River water and the pres -ent situation of foreign research on the development .Using multi-objective fuzzy evaluation model to assess health status of the upper rea-ches of Minjiang River with determine the index standard eigenvalue premise and weight .The evaluation results show that:the upper reaches of Minjiang River power station construction due to lead to substantially dry season water reducing , river meandering down;and water quality in good condition;reduci

以岷江上游干温河谷乡村旅游生态系统为研究对象,根据"压力-状态-响应"模型原理,运用构建的乡村旅游生态系统安全评估体系,在确定系统不安全指数和评价指标权重的基础上,评价乡村旅游生态系统的不安全度。研究表明,在羌族乡村旅游发展过程中,生态系统质量、生物物种质量、森林覆盖率等指标成为岷江上游干温河谷系统安全的重要限制因素,而生态建设能力和环境保护意识成为生态安全响应能力的主要限制因素。研究不仅为岷江干温河谷生态环境的人文治理途径提供借鉴,也将为震后羌族区域经济恢复与持续发展提供决策指导。

Taking the arid and warm valley in upper Min River Basin as research object, this paper constructed an ecological security evaluative system of rural tourism based on Pressure-State-Response model.After defining the insecurity index and e-valuation indices of the target ecosystem, it evaluated the insecurity degree of rural tourism.The results show that ecological sys-tem quality, life species quality and forest coverage are the most important limiting factors of ecosystem security .Ecological con-struction ability and environmental protection consciousness play major limiting roles for ecological security response ability in the arid and warm valley in upper Min River Basin.This study is not only beneficial to the management for the target region , but also provides reference for decision-making in rapid recovery after Wenchuan Earthquake.

为了预警泥石流的发生,需要判断泥石流的易发程度。在地质和降雨条件都大致相同的条件下,因地形条件的不同,导致一个区域的沟谷暴发泥石流的频率有着明显不同,显然地形条件是控制泥石流发育的关键因素之一。以研究岷江流域上游典型沟谷为例,通过分析地形条件对泥石流发育的影响,选用岷江流域上游典型沟谷的形成区流域面积A0、形状系数F0以及沟床纵比降J03个重要参数进行研究,比较三者相互之间的关系特征而得到一个综合的地形因子G。对比研究岷江流域典型区域以及甘肃舟曲、台湾陈有兰溪地区沟谷泥石流的暴发频率和G值,比较验证后得出:在地质和降雨条件都相近的情况下,沟谷G值越大,则越利于暴发泥石流。因此,可运用地形因子G划分某区域内沟谷泥石流的易发等级。对于岷江流域典型区域的沟谷:G≥0.21极容易暴发泥石流;0.14G0.21较容易暴发泥石流;G≤0.14不容易暴发泥石流。由于地质条件和降雨情况的差异,不同地区泥石流易发等级所对应的G值也将不同。

There are three groups of factors related to topography ,geology and hydrology which have influence on the formation of gully type debris flow s .In this study ,a single representative factor (G-factor) for the topography is proposed ,which can be used to give threshold values for debris flow formation .The study was carried out in the upper reaches of Minjiang River ,which is located in the Wenchuan earthquake area .During some rainfall events after the earthquake ,some gully type debris flows were triggered in some catchments .In some catchments no debris flows were triggered even though these catchments were in the vicinity of gullies with triggered debris flows .We isolated andanalyzed the influence of the topography on the formation of debris flows because during these rainfall events the hydrological conditions were almost the same in the investigated gullies . We could also neutralize the influence of the geological factors by selecting groups of neighboring catchments located i

在系统辨识与分析长江上游区重要生境和生态敏感区的基础上,建立了长江上游区生态与环境敏感区专题数据库和信息共享平台,并且研究分析了长江上游生态敏感性空间分布格局。针对上游区水电工程开发可能产生的主要生态与环境问题,结合上游区水电开发规划和流域生态环境保护特点与需求、国家有关生态敏感区的管理法规要求,揭示了长江上游干流金沙江、岷江、嘉陵江、乌江等重要水系水电开发的生态制约因素与限制条件,提出了优化长江上游不同水系水电工程规划调整意见与建议,可为长江流域水资源综合开发利用提供理论依据与参考。

On-the-basis-of-systematic-and-detailed-identification-and-analysis-of-important-habitat-and-ecological-sensitivity-re--gions-in-the-upper-basin-of-Yangtze-River-,-the-special-database-and-information-share-platform-of-ecological-and-environmental-sensitivity-regions-in-the-upper-Yangtze-River-are-established-.The-spatial-distribution-condition-of-ecological-sensitivity-regions-is-researched.Through-analysis-of-the-main-ecological-and-environmental-problems-possibly-caused-by-hydropower-development-in-the-upper-Yangtze-River-,-and-according-to-the-hydropower-development-planning-and-ecological-environmental-protection-charac--teristics-and-requirements-of-the-upper-reaches-,-as-well-as-the-demand-of-national-related-management-laws-and-regulations-on-ec--ological-sensitivity-regions-,-this-paper-reveals-the-ecological-constraint-factors-and-limiting-conditions-of-hydropower-development-in-the-important-river-systems-such-as-the-main-stem-of-Yangtze-River-,-Jinsha-River-,-Minjiang-River

根据图像各子带系数的相关性,提出一种局部自适应的图像小波系数的统计算法,并应用于遥感图像的去噪研究.首先将图像的小波分解系数视为服从广义高斯分布(GGD)的随机变量模型,然后在小波软阈值去噪的基础上,根据图像小波系数在空间上具有聚集性的特点,提出了一种新的局部自适应的算法,结合最大后验概率(MAP)参数估计,用于恢复带噪图像.该算法用于岷江上游植被和土壤类型典型地区—毛儿盖实验区遥感图像的去噪,效果理想,同其他的图像去噪算法相比,它具有较高的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和更好的视觉效果.

Based on exploiting the correlations among the image wavelet decomposition coefficients in a sub -band, an adaptive statistical model for wavelet image coefficients was presented and applied to the image denoising of Remote Sensing Image .Each wavelet coefficient was firstly modeled as a random variable of a generalized Gaussian distribution ( GGD) ,then,based on the algorithm of the wavelet soft threshold denoising and according to the characteristics of spa -tial clustering of wavelet decomposition coefficients , a new local adaptive algorithm was proposed and applied to restore the noisy images by estimating the coefficients with maximum a posteriori probability rule ( MAP) .The algorithm was applied to denoise the noisy Remote Sensing Image of Maoergai area in the upper Minjiang where contains typical vege -tation and soil .Simulation results showed that the higher peak-signal to noise ratio and the better visual effects were ob-tained as compared to other image denoising methods .