帕金森病是中老年人常见的神经变性疾病。6-羟基多巴胺诱导类帕金森病的模型对研究帕金森病主要病理机制和治疗药物起重要作用。

Parkinson''s disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder among old people. Parkinson''s disease model in-duced with 6-hydroxydopamine has been used to research pathology and medication of Parkinson''s disease.

目的探讨弥散张量成像（DTI）对伴发认知障碍帕金森病的诊断价值。方法对11例帕金森病伴痴呆患者,13例帕金森病伴轻度认知障碍患者,12例单纯帕金森病患者及10例正常对照组志愿者行DTI扫描,采用人工勾画感兴趣区（ROI）的方法在DTI参数图上测量各ROI（双侧扣带束、上纵束、下纵束、钩束、齿状核）的各向异性分数（FA）值,采用单因素方差分析方法进行统计分析。结果所有帕金森病组双侧扣带束、双侧上纵束、左侧钩束及右侧齿状核的FA值均低于对照组（P〈0.05）;右侧钩束、左侧齿状核FA值改变仅在单纯帕金森病组、对照组间无统计学差异;左侧下纵束FA值仅在帕金森病伴痴呆组、对照组间有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,而右侧下纵束FA值改变均无统计学差异。在各帕金森病组间比较时双侧扣带束、右侧上纵束、双侧钩束、右侧齿状核FA值改变均具有统计学差异,而左侧上纵束FA值改变仅在单纯帕金森病组、帕金森病伴痴呆组间具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,左侧齿状核FA值改变仅在单纯PD、PD-MCI组间无统计学差异。结论伴发认知障碍帕金森病病理改变可能累及脑白质纤维和小脑。

Objective To study the value of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in the diagnosis of Parkinson''s disease with cognitive impairment. Methods DTI was performed in 11 patients with PDD, 13 PD patients with MCI, 12 pure PD patients and 10 control subjects. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn in bilateral cingulum, upper longitudinal, under longitudinal, uncinate fasciculus and the dentate nucleus on fractional anisotropy (FA) map. Differences in FA between the these groups were studied by one-factor ANOVA. Results FA values of bilateral cingulum, bilateral upper longitudinal, left uncinate fasciculus and right dentate nucleus in all PD groups were lower than control group (P<0.05);FA values of right uncinate fasciculus and left dentate nucleus had no significant changes only in pure PD group and control group;FA values of left under longitudinal had significant changes only in PDD and control group; FA values of right under longitudinal in all groups had no significant changes. FA values of

烟碱是烟草的主要生物碱,其生物学功能获得了广泛的关注。近年的研究表明,烟碱与帕金森病(也被称为帕金森氏综合征)的发病率之间呈现出显著的负相关性。通过综述流行性病学调查、帕金森病动物模型及烟碱起作用的相关分子机制等方面的研究,提出了烟碱在帕金森病治疗过程中存在的问题及潜在的作用。

As a major alkaloid in tobacco Nicotine has attracted lots of attention in its biological functions. Recent studies showed that nicotine use was associated with a significantly lower incidence of Parkinson’s disease. Potential roles and current existing problems of nicotine for Parkinson’s disease were raised by reviewing recent research advances in studies of epidemiological investigation, Parkinsonian animal models, and related molecular mechanisms of nicotine in Parkinson’s disease.

目的 随访经丘脑底核脑深部电刺激(DBS)临床治疗的帕金森病患者,观察丘脑底核DBS术对其认知功能的影响.方法 应用统一帕金森病评定量表第二、三部分(UPDRSⅡ,Ⅲ),改良Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y)分级,系列神经心理学量表简易智能量表(MMSE)、韦氏记忆量表(WMS)、Nissen软件(SRTT)、残图命名、词语流畅性(VF)和画钟测验等方法,分别于丘脑底核DBS术前1周及术后12个月对20例帕金森病患者的临床特征和认知功能进行评估.以20名与之匹配的健康人作为健康对照.结果 帕金森病患者DBS术后无论“开期”还是“关期”日常生活能力(UPDRSⅡ)、运动功能(UPDRSⅢ)、病情(H-Y分级)较术前均有显著的改善(P＜0.01).术前帕金森病患者记忆商为88.10±16.70,明显低于对照组(100.90±6.45;t=-3.187,P＜0.01).帕金森病患者DBS手术前后的记忆商及各项分测验比较差异均无统计学意义.SRTT测试获得的平均反应时(Tavg)对照组、术前帕金森病组及术后帕金森病组分别为(1.09±0.32)、(1.58 ±0.83)、(1.62±0.83)s,术前帕金森病组较对照组延长(t =2.432,P＜0.05);对3个组组内各小节间比较发现,帕金森病患者手术前后各节Tavg差异均无统计学意义;对错误率比较,对照组、术前帕金森病组及术后帕金森病组的总错误率分

Objeetive To follow up the patients with Parkinson''s disease (PD) who underwent subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy,and to compare the changes of cognitive function before and after this functional surgery.Methods The authors set up a series of clinical tests including unified Parkinson''s disease rating scale (UPDRS) Ⅱ & Ⅲ,Hoehn & Yahr stage (H-Y stage),mini mental state examination (MMSE),Wechsler memory scale (WMS),serial reaction time task (SRTT),degraded picture naming (DPN),verbal fluency (VF),clock drawing test (CDT) to measure the performance of both clinical characteristics and cognitions 1 week before and 12 months after STN-DBS operation in 20 PD patients,matched with 20 healthy adults who just assessed by the neuropsychological tests.Results Activity of daily life (UPDRS Ⅱ),motor manifestations (UPDRS Ⅲ) and disease condition (H-Y stage) were all significantly improved whether they were "on period" or "off period" (P ＜ 0.01).In the

帕金森病(PD)是发病率仅次于阿尔茨海默病(AD)的神经系统变性疾病,是帕金森症的主要原因.尽管对于帕金森病以及各种非典型帕金森综合征如多系统萎缩、进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节变性、路易体痴呆等的诊断标准已经有很多共识,但各疾病症状和体征间的交叉重叠会给鉴别诊断带来困难,尤其对于初诊时还处于疾病早期的患者.本文通过综述常规和先进的核磁共振(MRI)技术来探讨他们在帕金森病和不典型帕金森综合征鉴别诊断中的应用.为保证鉴别诊断中MRI信号强度不受场强影响,鉴别信号强度改变时搜集的文献均采用目前普遍应用的3T场强.

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