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双语推荐:形制特点

由现存的11座徽州古戏台共同构成的"祁门古戏台群"为全国重点文物保护单位,聚福堂就是其中重要的组成部分。聚福堂古戏台继承了祁门古戏台"祠内戏台"的典型建筑布局形式,属于活动式戏台,其在建筑形制上更是继承了徽派建筑形制特点。由聚福堂古戏台建筑布局形式入手,分析了古戏台的建筑形制特点及其典型价值特征,探讨了徽州古戏台的保护思路。
Ju Fu Hall, as an important part of "Qimen Ancient Opera Stage Complex" which consists of 11 Huizhou ancient opera stages and is acknowledged as a key national cultural relics preservation unit, reflects the typical characteristics of Qimen ancient opera stages in terms of architectural layout, namely with mobile opera stages inside ancestral temples. Being a movable opera stage, it also reflects the form of Hui style architecture. Based on the architectural layout of Ju Fu Stage, the construction forms of ancient opera stages and their typical values are analyzed in the paper, and also the protection measures are ex-plored.

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徽州古坝渔梁坝是我国古代古代水利工程的杰出代表,体现了我国古代石质滚水坝的建筑工艺与建造形制。本文从历史沿革入手,阐述其历次维修过程,分析其建造形制的发展变迁与结构特点,以及古坝在古徽州历史上发挥的重要作用,并进一步探讨了其保护思路。
Yuliang Dam, an ancient dam in Huizhou, is the outstanding representative of the ancient water conservancy projects in Chinese history, which reflects construct technology and forms of stone weir dams in ancient China. Based on its historical evolution, with the description of the repairs, its construct forms and structural features are analyzed in the paper to explore the protective measures and ideas.

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微型小说无论从形制抑或内涵方面,处处体现其“微”特点。考察近年来马来西亚华文微型小说,呈现出三个特点:其美学特征在于“微摄”与“微雕”;其美学品格属于“微讽”与“微笑”;其美学内涵则堪比“南洋镜”、“万花筒”。
Mini-novels is characterized by mini, both in structure and meaning. In recent years, Chinese mini-novels in Malaysia have three features:the aesthetic characteristic lies in"micro photography"and"micro sculpture";the aesthetic quality belongs to"slight irony"and"slight laugh";the aesthetic meaning is like a"Nanyang Mirror"or a"kaleidoscope".

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幡是佛教供养佛、菩萨的供养具。现在所见佛幡实物多来自敦煌莫高窟藏经洞的出土发现和日本寺院的传世品,此外敦煌莫高窟壁画和藏经洞绢画中描绘了佛幡的形制、颜色和功用等。依据这些具体的实物与图像,参考文字记载,可以对唐代佛幡的来源、形制、图案和工艺进行探讨,以认识它在技术和艺术上的综合特点
A Buddhist banner is not only an offering to Buddha and Bodhisattvas, but also an ornament in Buddhist rites. Through its use and dissemination, it has gradually developed into a relatively fixed form and us-age. Now most Buddhist banners surviving today are either from the Library Cave at Dunhuang or monastic heirlooms in Japan. In addition, the murals of the Dunhuang caves and the silk paintings from the Library Cave inform the shape, color and function of Buddhist banners. Based on these specific objects, images and written records, this paper attempts to discuss the origin, shape, pattern and techniques of Buddhist banners, and thus demonstrate their art and technological features.

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以江南大学民间传习馆中的近代民间服装作为研究对象,重点选取民间服装中的开衩进行研究,分析其形制、结构与装饰工艺。通过对开衩的位置、长短、缘边装饰的形制研究,以及直摆开衩和圆摆开衩上的区别、开衩的结构与工艺等方面的研究,分析结果表明,近代民间服装多在下摆两侧缝处开衩,各个地区袄开衩高度较为近似,旗袍开衩高度反差较大,开衩缘边装饰也经历了由繁变简的过程。以此来总结归纳近代民间服装开衩的形制特点和内在结构。
This article takes the modern folk costume stored in Jiangnan University museum of folk dress as study object, to select slit process in the folk dresses as the detailed study, and analyze the slit shape, structure and decoration process. Through the study and analysis on slit position, length, shape of edge decoration and the slit difference between straight pendulum and circular pendulum, slit structure and technology, we could conclude that most of the modern folk dress slits on both sides of clothing herm, the coat slit height is relatively close, but the contrast is bigger for slit height of Chi-Pao in different regions, and the slit edge decoration also went through a process from complexity to simplicity. Hereby we can summarize that the slit shape features and inner structure for modern folk costume finally.

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作为全国重点文物保护单位“祁门古戏台群”的重要组成部分,大本堂在建筑布局上体现了祁门古戏台的典型特点,即祠内戏台,而且属于祠内戏台的活动式戏台形式。本文由大本堂古戏台建筑布局形式入手,分析古戏台的建筑形制特点及其典型价值特征,并进一步探讨其保护思路。
Big Ben Hal , as an important part of the national key cultural relic relics preservation organ, reflects the typical characteristics of Qimen ancient opera stages in terms of architectural layout, namely with mobile opera stages inside ancestral temples. Based on the architectural layout of Big Ben Stage, the construct forms of the ancient opera stage and its typical research value are analyzed in the paper to explore protective ideas.

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天津是中国北方的经济中心,近代中国对外开放的重要口岸。随着外国资本主义的逐渐侵入,天津的地方建筑产生了新的变化。本文从遍及天津全市的里弄式民居建筑入手,剖析了近代天津里弄式民居建筑的发展历程、形制特点及其文化内涵。
Tianjin city is the Northern Economic Center of China. It is an important opening port to the outside world in modern times. With the gradual invasion of foreign capitalism, the local buildings have changed. This article, starts from the dweling houses throughout the city of Tianjin, Tianjin, analyz- ing the development, shape characteristics and the cultural co- nnotation of the lane dwelling houses in Tianjin city.

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介绍河西走廊制种玉米的害螨种类、形态识别及田间为害特点。通过采集标本,已鉴定出为害河西走廊制种玉米的害螨有6种,其中截形叶螨是发生在河西走廊玉米制种田中的叶螨优势种。此外,二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨在制种玉米田中的发生也较普遍,田间为害较严重;而冰草叶螨和敦煌叶螨仅在局部地区发生,伴随其他害螨发生为害;玉米岩螨在河西走廊制种玉米田中属于首次发现,是河西走廊的新记录种。
This paper reports the corn pest mite species, morphological identification and harm characteristics in Hexi Corridor. Through collecting specimens, 6 species of corn pest mites have been identified. Among them Tetranychus truncatus is the dominant species of corn leaf mites. Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus cinnabarinus are common in corn seed production field, and the damage is also serious. Tetranychus agropyronus and Tetranychus dunhuangensis can be seen only in the local area with other pest mite. Corn rock mite is first found in corn seed production field of Hexi Corridor, and it is a new species belonging to Hexi corridor.

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为了研究新疆不同葡萄品种制干前后果重及果形变化的特点,选取42个制干后果形饱满的葡萄品种,分析比较各品种制干前后果重、果形的变化,以及与鲜果可溶性固形物的关系。结果表明,葡萄可溶性固形物含量与制干前后横径变化具有显著相关性,葡萄制干前后果重变化与横径变化也达到显著相关。通过聚类分析,将葡萄品种分为4个群类,各类分别有14、4、13、11个品种。其中以‘无核紫’、‘底莱特’、‘皇帝’等为代表的第4类群,具备了高可溶性固形物含量,制干前后相应的纵横经及果重变化最小。
In order to study the different grape varieties of changes in weight and fruit shape before and after drying, 42 full of dried grapes were selected to analysis the different changes before and after drying and compare with the soluble solid. The result showed that the significant correlation between soluble solid and transverse diameter changes. The weight changes were also significantly correlated with transverse diameter changes. Through cluster analysis, the grape varieties were divided into four group classes. There were 14, 4, 13, 11 varieties in each group. The fourth group included grape variety of‘Wuhezi’,‘Dilaite’,‘Hungdi’, etc. It had the highest soluble solid, while the vertical and transverse diameter and the weight also had minimum changes.

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辽代9帝的5座陵寝中,除乾陵、显陵2陵因考古工作不足、陵寝建制不齐备外,从祖陵、怀陵和庆陵的陵址卜选原则、陵寝朝向、陵园结构与建筑布局、地宫形制及崇尚厚葬的丧葬习俗来看,辽代自“以国制治契丹,以汉制待汉人”政策出台后,陵寝制度建设也经历了从借鉴学习、逐渐发展到有所创新的完善过程。辽代丧葬文化在对中原文化兼容并包的同时,也坚守着游牧民族的诸多特点,促成了中华民族多元一体文化格局的形成。
In Liao dynasty nine emperor''s 5 mausoleum, except Qianling and Xiaoling due to archae-ological work insufficient, and mausoleum formed not complete, in the view of the mausoleum site''s BuX-uan principles、orientation、 structure、 building layout 、palace shape and the advocating burial of funeral custom, Liao dynasty after the new deal introduced of "to country business rule Khitan, to Han business stay Han" , the mausoleum system construction also experience has from reference learning, and gradually development to has innovation of perfect process. Liao dynasty burial culture in the central plain culture inclusive at the same time, maintain features of nomadic, contributed to the formation of the pluralistic culture of the Chinese nation.

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