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双语推荐：排渣故障

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本文从原理入手，介绍了滑油分油机的控制报警系统、分油系统，对滑油分油机的报警故障原因进行多方面的分析排除，最终找到故障原因。由于主机滑油超过更换时间，油品变差，排渣间隔时间相对过长，做为航行当中应急处理，暂时调整参数，缩短排渣间隔时间，并在靠港后及时更换滑油，彻底解决了滑油分油机报警故障。
Starting from the principle ,this essay introduces the controlling alarm system and the oil separating system of the oil separator ,makes analysis on the alarm faults from vari-ous aspects and finally finds out the fault causes .Since main engine lube oil hasn’t been re-placed in time and the oil quality is deteriorated ,so that the slag discharge interval becomes longer ,which actually should be handled immediately .As an emergency treatment ,it is ad-visable to adjust the parameters temporarily to reduce slag discharge intervals ,and replace the lubricating oil w hen landed ,so that the slag charge fault can be cleared thoroughly .

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烘炉的四大因素是负压、液化气流量、风门开度和气化炉液位,烘炉的效果直接影响投料时间和耐火砖的使用寿命。围绕这四大因素,对烘炉时出现的负压波动、渣口堵塞、无负压、开工抽引器放空处冒浓烟等故障进行分析和排查,为气化炉的稳定运行提供有利条件。
Four major influencing factors concerning gasifier baking are known as negative pressure , gas flow , opening of air door and liquid level of slurry gasifier .The effect of gasifier baking directly affects feeding time and service life of refractory bricks .Based on the four major influencing factors, the writing analyzes and studies such problems as pressure fluctuation , blockage of slag discharger , no negative pressure and thick smoke at venting area of start-up air pump in order to ensure smooth operation and functioning of gasifier .

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提出一种基于故障域的PMU配置和故障定位新方法。根据故障时PMU可观性的配置要求，在假想故障下划分全网的故障配置域，进行了基于故障配置域的PMU整数线性规划配置。系统发生故障时，根据各故障域内附加差动电流的响应，确定实时故障域，在实时故障域内采用虚拟电流法对故障进行了精确测距。算例分析表明，所提方法以少数的PMU 配置实现故障网络的拓扑可观，为构建可靠经济的强壮电网监测系统提供了参考；故障域的实时响应使得快速锁定故障区域，防备连锁跳闸误动作成为可能；并且文中的故障测距技术对各种故障类型、故障位置以及线路结构均有良好的定位效果。
A fault area based PMU configuration and fault location method is proposed. According to the system observability based requirement on PMU during the fault process, the fault configuration areas of the whole power grid under assumptive faults are partitioned, and the fault configuration area based integer linear programming of PUM is carried out. When fault occurs in power grid, according to responses of additional differential currents in all fault areas the real-time fault area can be determined, and the virtual current method is used in real-time fault areas to accurately locate the fault. Case analysis shows that the proposed method can realize the topological system observability of faulty network by the configuration with a few PMUs to provide the reference for the construction of reliable and economic monitoring system of a strong power grid; the fast response of fault areas makes it possible to rapid lock the faulty zone and to prevent the maloperation due to cascaded

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对近年来励磁变压器所发生的故障进行归类，通过一些实例列出了电流互感器（CT）故障、测温点故障、进水接地故障、接头发热故障、线圈内部发生短路故障、其他混合型绝缘故障等故障类型，分析了产生这些故障的原因，并制定了相应的防范措施，确保机组安全稳定运行。
The excitation transformer faults in recent years were classified. This paper gave current transformer (CT) fault, fault at the point of temperature measurement, ground fault because of wetting, coupling head heating fault, short circuit fault inside excitation transformer coil and other mixed type insulated fault via some examples. Analysis was made to the above causes and the corresponding preventive measures were set down to ensure safe and stable operation of the generator sets.

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为了解决同杆四回线故障情况复杂,跨线故障时无法应用单回线故障选相方法的难题,提出了一种基于故障电流双反相量的同杆四回线故障选相方法。同杆四回线发生一回线内或两回线间跨线故障时,对四回线各相电流进行变换,可得故障相电流的双同及双反相量。通过对故障电流边界条件的分析可知,不同类型故障时故障电流的3个双反相量分别具有不同的幅值和相位特点。以此为基础,提出了在一回线内故障和两回线间跨线故障时能够准确识别故障回线和故障相的同杆四回线故障选相方法。仿真表明本方法在不同的负载电流、过渡电阻、故障位置及故障类型下均能进行有效的故障选相。
The fault in four-circuit transmission lines is complex, and fault phase detection algorithm of single circuit line can not be used for cross line faults. Aiming at this problem, a method for fault phase selection of four-circuit transmission lines on the same tower is presented based on double-differential phasors of fault currents. Four-summing and double-differential phasors of fault currents can be calculated using a certain transformation matrix for line-line parameter decoupling of four circuit lines. According to fault boundary conditions, the amplitude and phase of three double-differential phasors of fault currents are studied under conditions of different types of faults. Based on this, a novel methodology for fault phase detection for four-circuit transmission lines on the same tower is put forward, which can pick out the fault phases no matter the fault occurs in single line or cross double lines. Simulation results validate that the methodology is correct and reliable unde

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为了提高故障定位性能,降低单一判别参数在单位过程中的约束,该文提出一种基于压缩感知和信息熵差的多参数链路故障定位算法。该算法首先利用贝叶斯网络进行快速故障预测,其次引入参数故障覆盖范围,利用压缩感知进行故障筛选,最后定义参数故障信息熵差完成根源故障定位。仿真结果表明,该算法预测出的故障集合具有可压缩性,筛选后的故障集合保留了真实故障,定位时具有较高的故障检测率和较低的故障误检率。
To improve the performance and decrease the constraints of fault localization with single distinguish parameter, a multi-parameters link failure localization algorithm is proposed based on compressive sensing and entropy difference. Firstly it makes a fast fault prediction by Bayesian network, then it introduces a parameter named fault coverage and selects probable link failure using compressive sensing, finally defines fault information entropy difference and obtains the root fault based on the parameter. The simulation results show that the predicted fault set can be compressed and the selected probable fault set contains the true fault, meanwhile the proposed algorithm achieves high detection rate and low false positive rate.

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离合器故障是传动系统故障中比较常见的一种，传动系统故障又是汽车发动机的常发故障之一，所以，离合器故障在汽车故障中非常常见。造成离合器故障的原因多种多样，而诊断离合器故障的工作具有很高的技术性，所以，离合器故障的排除比较困难。对离合器的常见故障进行了分析，并对诊断和排除方法作了详细介绍。
Clutch Transmission failures are relatively common form of failure, transmission failure is one of the permanent fault automobile engines, and so clutch failure is very common in the automotive fault. Causes of clutch failure varied, but the work of clutch failure diagnosis with high technical, so the clutch troubleshooting more difficult. Clutch of common faults were analyzed, and the diagnostic and troubleshooting are described in detail.

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火电汽轮机故障诊断系统中,存在故障信号非线性强,故障特征信号容易被干扰,很难建立稳定诊断模型。在传统的神经网络汽轮机故障诊断模型中,引入可溯源机制,利用贝叶斯网络的故障推理学习和边沿信号概率分析能力组成故障追溯模型,对汽轮机中的汽缸、隔板、喷嘴、静叶片、汽封和轴封模块高频故障信号进行追溯,再通过故障特征值和实际输出之差与设定汽轮机故障阈值的大小比较关系判断故障,实验结果表明,该方法有效地解决故障信号非线性带来的干扰,完成火电汽轮机高精度的故障检测。
Thermal power steam turbine fault diagnosis system, the fault signal nonlinear, strong fault feature signals are easy to be interference, it is difficult to establish stable diagnosis model. In the traditional steam turbine fault diagnosis model of neural network, the introduction of traceable mechanism, and the use of bayesian network inference ability to learn and edge signal probability analysis of the fault trace model, cylinder of steam turbine, baffle plate, nozzle, stator blade, seal and shaft seal module back on high frequency fault signal, again through the fault characteristic value and the difference between the actual output and setting the size of the steam turbine fault threshold comparison judgment fault, the experimental results show that this method is effective to solve the fault signal of nonlinear disturbance, complete thermal power turbine high accuracy of fault detection.

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文章从电话线路故障、参数设置故障、话机故障、程控交换机故障等4方面,分析了程控电话系统的几大故障及其处理措施。
@@@@The paper, was analyzed several faults and treatment measures of computerized telephone system from 4 aspects of telephone line faults, parameter setting faults, phone faults and computerized switch faults.

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在飞行数据库故障诊断问题的研究中,飞行数据库中故障数据是有效解决飞机飞行中各种安全隐患的重要依据,必须准确掌握。飞行安全数据库中记录的是飞行中飞机的各种状态数据,数据之间无法形成可识别的故障信息整体的、完整的关联,没有办法作为故障特征直接识别。传统的故障挖掘算法在分析故障数据时,以整体故障特征为基础,对无法形成关联的故障特征,挖掘过程需要多次关联以形成完整的故障可识别特征,故障挖掘效率很低。提出基于人工免疫算法的飞行安全数据库的故障数据挖掘方法。计算飞行安全数据库中故障数据属性差异性,并计算对应的权重,完成故障数据特征的关联提取。对飞行安全故障数据进行人工免疫,在人工免疫的过程中进行抗原和抗体匹配度的计算,获取故障数据关联性,重构飞行安全故障数据特征,实现飞行故障数据挖掘。实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行飞行安全数据库的故障数据挖掘,可以提高挖掘准确性,获取准确的故障数据。
Flight failure data in the database is important basis for effectively solving all kinds of potential safety hazard in plane flying, so it must be accurate grasp. This paper presented a fault data mining method for flight safety database based on artificial immune algorithm. The difference of fault data properties in the flight safety database and the corresponding weight were calculated, and the association of fault data characteristics was extracted. Artificial im-mune failure data of flight safety was carried out, and in the process of artificial immune, the matching degree of anti-gen and antibody was calculated, the fault data correlation was obtained, and the flight safety fault data characteristics were reconstituted to realize the flight data mining. Experimental results show that using the improved algorithm for fault data mining in flight safety database can improve the accuracy and obtain accurate fault data.

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