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双语推荐：搅拌

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搅拌系统是卧式搅拌磨机的主要组成部分,其性能优劣直接影响着卧式搅拌磨机的性能。通过建立搅拌系统的有限元模型,对其进行模态和不平衡响应分析,根据模态分析结果,计算出搅拌系统的临界转速,验证了搅拌系统结构的合理性。采用试验法对搅拌系统进行了不平衡响应分析,预测了其不平衡振动特性,为调节其动平衡,提高卧式搅拌磨机的稳定性,提供了参考依据。
Mixing system is the main part of the horizontal stirring mill,whose performance can directly affect the per-formance of mill.Modal analysis and unbalance response analysis were carried out by establishing the finite element model of mixing system.The critical rotating speed of stirring system was achieved based on the modal analysis results and the stir-ring system structure was verified.It provided the basis for adj usting the mixing system and improved the stability of the mill by using the test method for unbalance response analysis to predict the unbalance vibration characteristics.

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在蓝藻厌氧发酵过程中,由于蓝藻密度较小,容易在反应器中上浮而结壳,从而降低反应器产气效率。该文以蓝藻为原料,研究机械搅拌对其厌氧发酵产沼气的影响。分别选取不同的搅拌周期、搅拌持续时间及搅拌强度3个因素,在试验的基础上采用响应曲面法确定蓝藻厌氧发酵产气的最佳搅拌因素,为蓝藻厌氧发酵产沼气技术应用提供技术参数。以模拟得到的二次多项式回归方程,从而预测得到蓝藻最佳搅拌条件为:搅拌周期6 h、搅拌持续时间20 min/次、搅拌强度56 r/min。中试中,在最佳搅拌条件下,蓝藻的比产气速率、比产甲烷速率最大,分别为0.39、0.236 L/(L·g)。研究发现:搅拌强度对蓝藻厌氧发酵产沼气影响最大,搅拌周期其次,搅拌持续时间最小;搅拌强度过大、搅拌频繁将会破坏适于特定厌氧微生物生长的微环境,使系统中不同种属厌氧微生物的协同作用受到局部破坏,反应器中污泥的蛋白酶、脱氢酶及辅酶活性下降,产气率降低;搅拌强度小、搅拌周期长,蓝藻容易上浮,与污泥中微生物接触有效接触减少,蓝藻转换效率低,微生物活性降低。适当的搅拌混合可以破坏蓝藻上浮结壳,同时提高蓝藻与微生物之间接触效果及产气效率。
Water pollution caused by the excessive growth of blue-green algae has become a growing environmental problem. One current approach to reducing the algae in Taihu Lake is to refloat the algae after a bloom has occurred. It can remove nitrogen and phosphorus in the lake simultaneously. The amount of algae-laden water collected from Taihu Lake can be up to approximately several thousand tons in wet weight per day. And they needs timely and effective treatment. The algae can be effectively degraded and produced into methane by anaerobic fermentation technology. The algae is easy to float and crust in the reactor, thus affecting the efficiency of the gas production and reducing the processing effect of the reactor. In anaerobic reactors, proper stirring can prevent algae floating and facilitate contact between the algae and other microbes, thereby improving gas production efficiency. This paper designed experimental device for optimizing the stirring of blue-green algae anaerobic

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采用永田进治公式和全浮力模型计算了机械搅拌法和喷吹法的铁水搅拌能,研究了搅拌能和混匀时间的关系,并和水模型的结果进行了比较,分析了两种搅拌能影响混匀时间的原因。结果表明,机械搅拌法的搅拌能力比喷吹法大数倍,在同一搅拌能下机械搅拌方式的混匀时间比喷吹法短。搅拌优势使得机械搅拌法比喷吹法的脱硫率比喷吹法平均高18.61%,带来的副作用是铁水温降要高于喷吹法15℃,以及对耐火材料的侵蚀速度为喷吹法的3倍。
The stirring power of hot metal by mechanical stirring method and magnesium injection method were cal-culated with empirical formula and plume model .The relationship between mixing time and stirring power of hot metal was determined according to the calculated results and compared with that of liquid in water model .The results show that mechanical stirring method stirring power is several times of the injection method stirring power .The me-chanical stirring method mixing time is shorter than that of injection method at the same level of stirring power .The desulfurization rate of hot metal by mechanical stirring method is 18 .61% higher than that by injection method . Meanwhile ,it brings some negative effects which the temperature drop of hot metal caused by mechanical stirring method are 15 ℃ higher than that caused by injection method for strong mixing ,and the refractory erosion rate of mechanical stirring method is 3 times of that of injection method .

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以火驱W/O型乳状液为例，系统研究了搅拌转速、搅拌时间、搅拌形式等因素对乳状液制备的影响，优选了乳状液的制备条件，并将室内制备的模拟乳状液的粘度和相同含水率的现场采出液的粘度进行了对比，确定了室内制备乳状液的条件。实验表明：间歇式搅拌好于连续性搅拌；随着搅拌转速的增加，配制模拟乳状液所需时间减少；在同一搅拌转速下，在搅拌初期，随着搅拌时间的增加，形成的乳状液表观粘度逐渐增加，但当乳状液达到某一状态时，若继续增加搅拌时间，乳状液的表观粘度基本维持不变。
Taking fire flooding W/O type emulsion as an example, effects of mixing speed, mixing time, mixing form and other factors on emulsion preparation were studied, preferable emulsion preparation conditions were chosen, viscosities of the simulated emulsion prepared at indoor and on-site produced liquid with the same water content were compared, the conditions of emulsion preparation at room were determined. Experiments show that, intermittent agitation is better than continuous stirring;with the increase of stirring speed, the time required for the preparation of the emulsion reduces;At the same stirring speed, in the initial stage of stirring, with the increase of stirring time, the apparent viscosity of the emulsion gradually increases, but when the emulsion reaches a certain state, if the stirring time increases any more, the apparent viscosity of the emulsion remains unchanged.

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采用分离涡模型和PIV实验测试方法研究了双层桨偏心搅拌槽内的宏观不稳定性,通过对速度时间序列的频谱分析,讨论了搅拌桨的安装方式（单轴双桨和双轴双桨）及转动方向对宏观不稳定频率的影响,并与单层桨偏心搅拌进行了对比。研究发现,双层桨偏心搅拌的宏观不稳定频率稍低于单层桨偏心搅拌;搅拌桨安装方式及转动方向对双层桨偏心搅拌的宏观不稳定频率有明显影响：双轴双桨偏心搅拌时的频率稍高于单轴双桨偏心搅拌,搅拌桨反向旋转时的频率又高于同向旋转。
The macro-instabilities (MI) in a stirred tank equipped with double eccentrically located Rushton impellers were studied by using detached eddy simulation (DES) model and PIV experimental method. By the transient simulation of the flow field, a frequency analysis was applied to the obtained time series of the velocity component. Effects of the impeller installation method and rotation direction on the MI frequency were discussed and compared with that of the single-shaft single-impeller eccentric agitation. Results show that the MI frequency of double-impeller eccentric agitation is smaller than that of the single-impeller eccentric agitation. The impeller installation method and rotation direction have obvious influence on the MI frequency of the double-impeller eccentric agitation. When the impellers are mounted on two different shafts, the MI frequency is a little larger. If the two impellers rotate in opposite directions, the frequency is larger than that of the co-rotating mode, i

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通过热力耦合模型模拟搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的材料行为，并基于材料的运动轨迹区分焊接区域中的搅拌区和热力影响区。给出热力影响区和搅拌区边界处流动轨迹上的真实应变率和温度历史曲线，进一步计算Zener-Holloman参数和搅拌区内的晶粒大小，通过与已有文献的对比验证计算结果的准确性。结果显示尽管应变率分布不均匀，均匀分布的温度使lgZ在搅拌区内均匀分布，这说明温度对搅拌区内晶粒大小变化的影响较应变率更为明显。绕针运动的物质点的应变率明显高于其他运动轨迹上的物质点的应变率，可以达到22 s–1。通过对不同材料流动行为的跟踪可以确定搅拌区和热力影响区的边界。搅拌区晶粒随搅拌头轴肩的增大而增大，且搅拌区尺寸随搅拌头轴肩的增大而增大。较小的搅拌头会使搅拌区的区域变小。
Coupled thermo-mechanical model is used to simulate the material flow in friction stir welding(FSW) The flow traces are studied for the determination of the stirring zone(SZ) and the thermo-mechanical affected zone(TMAZ). The histories of the true strain rate and the temperature on the boundaries of the SZ and the TMAZ are given to calculate the Zener-Holloman parameter and the grain sizes. The comparison to the data in published literature shows the validity of the current model. Results indicate that uniform temperature can lead to uniform lgZ in the SZ, although the distribution of the strain rate is not uniform. This means that the effect of temperature on the grain sizes is much more important than the effect of the strain rate. The strain rates of the material particles in rotation with pin can reach 22 s–1. The boundaries of the SZ and TMAZ can be determined by the different material flow rules of different traced particles. The SZ and the grain sizes are both increas

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大型搅拌釜，尤其是涉及传热或两相介质搅拌的容器，其搅拌效果和功率往往难以预测。针对大型搅拌釜的搅拌器设计、流场结构模拟和功率预测等问题，采用CFD数值模拟技术，对搅拌釜内部的三维流场进行了数值计算。分析了搅拌釜内的流动结构，计算了不同曝气量时的搅拌功率，获得了详细的流场信息和各项特性参数。
The stirring effects and powers of large stirred tanks, especially that involving heat transfer or stirring of two-phase medium, are difficult to predict. Employs CFD numerical simulation method to perform the numerical calculation of 3-D flow field in a stirred tank, referring to the design of stirrer, structure simulation of flow field and power prediction of the large stirred tank. Analyzes the flow structure in the tank, calculates the stirring power at different aeration intensities and obtains detailed information about flow field and various characteristic parameters. The analysis method mentioned in the paper can provide a reference for the design of stirrers.

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以混砂车搅拌罐为研究对象，为了将试验搅拌罐的混合效果在混砂车搅拌罐中重现，以搅拌罐单位体积的搅拌功率作为放大准则，用几何相似的原则分别建立了结构尺寸为1∶1和1∶4的搅拌模型。为了尽可能地接近混砂车的实际工况，模拟中采用了连续输砂搅拌的方式，使罐内混合液达到一个边混合边排出的过程。利用 Fluent 软件分析对比，得到了在相同的混合效果前提下，试验搅拌罐与混砂车搅拌罐的转速关系式，使试验结果能够较好地转化到混砂车搅拌罐上。
The object of this study is the mixing tank of fracturing blender truck.In order to reflect the mixing effect of test stir-ring tank in real stirring tank,the mixing power in a unit volume is treated as the scale-up criteria,and the mixing model is estab-lished by the principle of geometric similarity.The structural size of the mixing system in 1:1 and 1:4 cases is discussed by using flow field analysis software FLUENT.In order to be as close as possible to the actual conditions,we used continuous sediment mixing to make the mixture reach a discharge process while mixing.As a result,the speed relationship between the test mixing tank and the fracturing blender truck mixing tank is established,which makes the test results be better applied to fracturing blender truck stirring tank.

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采用Ansoft和Fluent软件顺序耦合的方法,建立了电磁搅拌法制备ZL104半固态坯料过程中电磁场和流场的三维耦合模型,并利用VOF法模拟电磁搅拌过程中的液穴现象,获得电磁搅拌法制备该合金半固态坯料的合理工艺参数:搅拌电流为55 A,搅拌频率为25 Hz.结果表明:增加搅拌电流,电磁平均力成比例增加,其分布均匀性基本不变;增加搅拌频率,电磁平均力逐渐增加,其分布均匀性变差.随着搅拌强度的增加,自由液面的漩涡深度不断增加,在强电磁搅拌情况下,浆料出现紊流现象.实验表明,不同搅拌强度下坯料的液面漩涡情况与数值模拟结果一致,同时其微观组织表明在过强的搅拌强度下ZL104半固态坯料微观组织中确实存在大量孔洞.验证了VOF法模拟电磁搅拌过程中液穴的形成过程的可行性及实用性.
Based on sequential coupling method in Ansoft and Fluent softwares,a 3D coupled model of the electromagnetic field and flow field was established in the process of semi-solid ZL104 alloy prepared by electromagnetic stirring (EMS) process.The cavitation in the process of EMS was simulated by VOF method,and reasonable process parameters of semi-solid ZL104 alloy prepared by EMS were obtained.The stirring current was 55 A and the stirring frequency was 25 Hz.The results show that when the stirring current increases,the average electromagnetic force increases proportionally,and its uniformity are almost invariant.However,when the stirring frequency increases,the average electromagnetic force increases gradually,which affects the even distribution.With the increase of stirring intensity,the depth of vortex on the free surface increases accordingly and the turbulent flow is generated under the strong stirring.Experimental results show that the surface vortex under different stirrin

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采用完全热力耦合模型研究了搅拌针直径、轴肩直径以及搅拌针锥角对2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接过程中热生成、材料变形和能量历史的影响。结果表明：相比搅拌针接触面，轴肩接触面对搅拌摩擦焊接的热生成起主要作用。增加轴肩直径和减小搅拌针直径均能增加焊接温度，但是轴肩尺寸变化的影响更为明显。与6061-T6铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接过程相比，2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接的能量输入明显增加，同时塑性耗散与摩擦耗散的能量比减小。
Coupled thermo-mechanical model was used to investigate the effects of the pin diameter, the shoulder diameter and the in conical angle on the heat generations, the material deformations and the energy histories in friction stir welding (FSW) of AA2024-T3 alloy. Results indicate that the shoulder-plate contact area takes more important contribution to the heat generation than the pin-plate contact area. The increase of the shoulder diameter or the decrease of the pin diameter can lead to the increase of the welding temperature in FSW, but the change of shoulder size is more important. Compared to the cases in FSW of AA6061-T6, the input power is obviously increased in FSW of AA2024-T3 and the ratio of the plastic dissipation to the friction dissipation becomes decreased.

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