华盖是从遮风蔽雨的伞盖转化而来，由实用器具升华为神仙方术意味的美称。这在汉代辞赋典籍中屡有记载，也被使用于奉神、长生、辟兵等庄严场合，在汉代图像中尤多见于西王母。在佛教入传中国后，汉恒帝设华盖之座并祠浮图老子，表明当时人把佛陀（浮图）与老子（道教始祖）同样对待，华盖也具有传统的方术意义。然而，与佛陀造像伴生的华盖，在印度原本是王侯象征的礼具，是把佛陀当视为王侯的，而在中国却是与神仙为伍的，表明中国早期华盖佛像是在神仙方术系统中被接受的。从华盖图像的中外寓意之别，反映了中国古代是立足于自身文化系统接纳外来文明的，中外文化之间的共性是最初被接纳的思想契机。

Canopy evolves from the umbrel a, a shelter for the rain, being a gloriifed expression in witchcraft rather than merely a practical instrument. Also, canopy, which is recorded in Han Fu (poetry and prose of the Han Dynasty), is solemnly used in the celebration of Fengshen (ancient sacriifces), Pibin (parrying attack) and Changsheng (praying for immortality). Queen mother of the west is common in the Han images. Since the introduction of Buddhism into China, Emperor Hanhuan created canopy throne and the temple of kind favour of Lao Tzu, indicating Buddha (kind favour) and Lao Tzu (father of Taoism) are treated equal y, thereby canopy bearing the meaning of traditional divination. Canopy, coexisting with Buddha statue, is a royal symbol in India, while it symbolizes fairies in China, suggesting that the acceptance toward Buddha on the canopy of the emperor. The difference in messages at home and abroad shows that ancient China absorbs foreign culture on the base of its own characteristic

明世宗朱厚趈（年号嘉靖），堪称中国历史上最为崇奉道教的皇帝。对于道教方术，明世宗不但真心崇信，而且身体力行。嘉靖一朝，道士之流颇受重用，佞道之人平步青云。相反，正直之臣多不得善终。明世宗之所以崇奉道教，不外乎家族影响、近侍蛊惑、追求长生、广求子嗣四大原因；其中，又以追求长生一端最为突出、最为根本。明世宗之迷信道教、崇奉道教，对于个人、朝廷和政治、经济、社会，都带来了极其严重的后果。

Zhu Houcong,Emperor Shizong,(reign of Jiajing)was one who greatly worshiped Taoism. He not only believed in the Taoist astrology,but also put it into practice.During the reign of Jiajing, Taoist priests were placed into important positions.And on the contrary,upright officials mostly came to a bad end.There were several reasons why Emperor Shizong worshiped Taoism,including the fami-ly influence,eunuches′bewitchment,pursuit of long life and having more children.Among which, pursuit of long life was the most desired.For individuals,the court and the political,economic,so-cial,and have brought.Emperor Shizong′s Taoist worship brought about very serious consequences not only for himself and the court,but also for politics,economy and society.

中国史著自先秦时代即不乏好奇,但先秦两汉的史传文学虽好奇而少有夸诞内容,自《三国志》始有《方技传》等专载方术奇诞之事,范晔《后汉书》则后来居上,并对后世史著产生相当影响。由《史记》到《后汉书》趣尚之变有时代和个人诸种缘由。一方面,史学与史官文化影响下,中国古代文学往往具有明显的历史要素与历史品格,另一方面,文学要素与文学品格又几乎是史著与生俱来的内质。中国古代文、史著作,长期呈现的一直是史文诗赋相互融通的局面。

From pre-Qin and on, Chinese historical literature also contains records of queer and peculiar events .The pre-Qin and the Two Hans historical literature mainly presents certain queerness and peculiarity but not necessarily oddity and absurdity . Records of the Three Kingdoms begins to record weird and abnormal events , as is recorded in Odd Techniques.The Book of Later Han by FAN Ye surpasses its precedents and exerts great influence in later historical books .On the one side, Chinese classics is markedly characterized by its historical factors and qualities , under the influence of history study theories and history record offi-cials.On the other, literary factors and qualities are an inherent component in historical literature .Thus, it long displays a coor-dinated pattern of history , literature and poetry in Chinese classical literature and historical records .

战国秦汉时期的方仙道,兴起于燕齐滨海地带,而以齐地为大本营,在先秦两汉时期有过三次发展高峰。齐地方士在方仙道方术和神仙理论的创造和传播过程中,发挥了领袖和主导的作用,其神仙理论和仙道活动构成了齐文化独具特色的重要组成部分。而方仙道还与黄老之学共同促成了民族宗教——道教,并在漫长的历史发展中,对中国文化、中国人的精神世界及世俗生活等产生了极为重要的影响。与齐地关系极为密切的神仙文化,在精神关怀、文化创意及文化品牌的建设等方面,有着积极的的现实意义。

The Doctrine of Fangxian in the Warring States Period formed from the coastal region of Yan and Qi,which was based in Qi.In the Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty,it appeared three development booms.Alchemist played a leading role in the process of the creation and transmission of the Taoism and the Doctrine of Fangxian.At the same time,their immortal theory and activities constituted an important part of the Qi culture.The Doctrine of Fangxian and the thought of Emperor Huang and Lao Tzu jointly contributed to the national religion---Taoism,which had very important influence on Chinese culture,the spiritual world of Chinese and their secular life in the long history.The immortal culture,which has close relations with Qi,has a positive significance in spiritual concern,cultural creativity and cultural brand construction.

在中国历史上，滨海地区一直就是宗教的发源地与传播地，这与海洋文化的催化和孕育有关。相比于内陆生产方式而言，海洋生产与生活风险性高，航行安全和渔业丰收的祈盼激发了民众强烈的宗教信仰需求。海洋浩瀚的景观与生物多样性，激发了原始海洋崇拜和海洋生物崇拜，并引起了有关海洋的哲思和海洋精怪故事的产生。沿海独特的海陆景观地貌和奇特的海洋天象气象景观，则催生了道教仙境理论，使神仙信仰更具有说服力。沿海地区悠久的祭祀活动带动了当地巫文化的发展，渔业生产的需要则为巫术、占卜等方术提供了生长的空间。海洋文化所孕育的巫、医、卜等文化成为后世道教法术产生的源头。

Coastal areas usually have been the birthplace and spread of religion in China''s history , which is related to the promotion of marine culture .Compared with the inland mode of production ,marine production has more risks .Praying for safe navigation and fishery harvest has stimulated a strong demand for religious beliefs .The landscape and biodiversity of the vast sea has inspired the primitive ocean worship and ocean creature worship ,and also evoked philosophical thoughts on the sea and sea demon stories .The marine unique landscape and strange meteorological phenomena have given birth to the Taoist immortal concept .The coastal areas have a long history of sacrifice ,which promotes the development of local witch culture such as witchcraft and divination .Therefore ,marine culture provides rich soil for the later birth of T aoism .