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双语推荐：杰克·伦敦

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杰克·伦敦一生共创作了六部有关中国和中国移民形象的作品,既有对中国丑化的一面,也有对中国理解、同情的一面。虽然摆脱不了种族主义的阴影,但其更为理性的思考与更为客观的描述使得他对中国、对中西文化之间的交流做出了巨大的贡献。本文将从杰克·伦敦自身的心理因素和所处的社会历史背景来探讨他对中国移民形象正反想象的原因。
Jack London created altogether six China and Chinese immigrants related works, which show his completely different views to China, uglification as well as understanding and sympathy. Although in the shadow of racism, Jack London made great contributions to the communication between Chinese and Western culture for a more rational thinking and more objective description. This paper will explore Jack London''s reasons of his pros and cons of imagination toward Chinese immigrants'' images from his psychological factors and the social, historical background.

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该文对杰克·伦敦的著名短篇小说《野性的呼唤》中主人公巴克从一个养尊处优的宠物狗转变为一个凶猛野兽的历程进行分析，并进一步阐释这一转变过程中的种种象征，揭示了巴克离开人类社会回归野性本身也是对文明社会的背叛和对自由的追求。
This article looks at Jack London’s one of the best short stories, The Call of the Wild. It analyzes the symbols and the process of Buck’s struggle and regression from a pampered pet to a fierce, masterful wild animal and tells us it is also a process of pursuit of freedom.

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《马丁·伊登》作为美国无产阶级文学之父杰克·伦敦的现实主义文学代表作之一,其以粗狂而阳刚的笔法描写了一个名叫马丁·伊登的男人事业和爱情的艰辛奋斗历程。鉴于以往文学评论大多集中对马丁·伊登的分析,而对于女主人公露丝则鲜有综合详细的分析,本文从女主人公露丝的视角着手,分析一位生活在20世纪初期的美国资产阶级小姐的悲剧形象。通过分析和研究小说,基于前人从女性主义角度对女主人公露丝的研究进行概括,指出这个悲剧形象是由多种因素共同造成的,它的出现具有历史必然性。研究这个悲剧形象为呼吁关爱女性群体和促进社会价值观的健康发展及深入了解杰克·伦敦的女性观提供指导意义。
As one of the representative works of Jack London who is regarded as the father of American proletarian literature, Martin Eden roughly and wildly describes a man’s striving to success in career and love. However, the literary appreciations before mainly concentrated on the study of the hero Martin. There is rarely comprehensive and thorough analysis and research of the heroine Miss Rose. This essay tries to study the heroine Rose who represents a lady from capitalist class in the early 20th century in America. This essay also tries to discuss what kind of tragedy Rose is and what reasons result in the tragedy in the process of Rose and Martin’s love development. Studying Rose’s tragedy is meaningful for advocating caring for the female group, developing positive social views and studying deeply on Jack London’s view of women, and at the same time, a new sight for studying the spirit on Martin Eden is provided.

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西奥多.德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》和杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》都是十九世纪末期美国自然主义题材的作品,两位作家通过不同的视角向我们展示了美国工业社会的残酷和物竞天择的人类生存斗争史。小说中的自然主义特质也向读者展示了两位作家对于美国人民社会生存现状的认识。
Theodore Dreiser＇ s Sister Carrie and Jack London＇s Call of the Wild are American naturalistic works in the 19th century. The two writers show us the cruelty of American industrial society and the natural selection rules of human society. The naturalistic traits of the two novels also reveal the writers＇ awareness of the American people＇ s social situa- tion.

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《野性的呼唤》是美国小说家杰克.伦敦的代表作。其小说的成功之处就在于书中象征手法的运用赋予了作品深刻的思想内涵。本文解读了《野性的呼唤》中巴克的象征意义,继而引出了其创作手法在深化小说主题、思想内涵及意蕴方面所发挥出的关键性作用,肯定了该作品的文学价值。
"The call of the wild" is the representative of American novelist Jack London. Success of the novel lies in the use of symbolism in the book, gives the works profound ideological content. This paper interprets the symbolic significance of Buck in "the call of the wild", then it leads to the key role of the writing techniques in deepening the theme of the novel, thought connotation and meaning, and affirms the value of works of literature.

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杰克·伦敦是19世纪末20世纪初的美国杰出作家,他信奉当时盛行的赫伯特·斯宾塞的"适者生存,捷足先登",尼采的超人哲学,同时他又深受进步的马克思主义的影响。几乎他的每部作品都受到作者思想矛盾的影响,他的这种矛盾在自传体小说《马丁·伊登》中借助于主人公马丁伊登的形象得到淋漓尽致的表达。
As a famous American writer in late 19th century and early 20th century, Jack London believes on the one hand Spencer’s“survival of the fittest”, Nietzsche’s superman, and on the other hand the progressive Marxism prevailing at his times. Nearly all of his works are under the influence of his paradox. It is in his autobiographical masterpiece Martin Eden that his paradox is fully reflected through the protagonist Martin Eden.

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《野性的呼唤》是美国著名现实主义作家杰克·伦敦的代表作品。小说描写了一只名叫巴克的狼犬在被人类的文明社会驯化后，最终再次回归本性返回原始荒蛮世界的故事。《野性的呼唤》体现了四种哲学思想，即：达尔文的进化论思想、马克思主义学说、斯宾塞的社会进化论以及尼采的“超人”哲学，反映出作者本人独特的人生经历对其世界观的形成及其创作的重要影响。
“The Call of the Wild” is Jack London’ s masterpiece.The story is about a tamed wolf,named Bark,returning to the wild.There are philosophical ideas reflected in this story:Darwin’ s evolutionism,Maxism;Spencer’ s social theory of evolution,and Nietzsche’ s“superman” theory.This reflects the influence of the writer’ s life experience on his worldview and writing philosophy.

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美国作家杰克·伦敦的小说《马丁·伊登》自出版以来备受关注，主人公马丁·伊登更是批评界争论的焦点。许多批评者认为，女主人公罗丝是“谋害”男主人公马丁·伊登的“凶手”。但从性别视角来看，罗丝并非“凶手”，而是受害者。整个故事中，罗丝受制于父权社会，扮演“引诱天使”和“驯兽师”诱惑、规训马丁·伊登，是一只不能“自我言说”的“沉默羔羊”。
American writer Jack London’s Novel Martin Eden has attached so much attention since its publication. Its hero Martin Eden is especially the critics’disputing focus. Many critics argue that the heroine Ruth is the “murder”of the hero Martin Eden. However,seen from the gender perspective,Ruth is not a“murderer”,but a victim. Throughout the story,Ruth is controlled by the patriarchal society,playing the roles of an“alluring angel”and a“beast trainer”to tempt and discipline Martin Eden. She is a silent lamb unable to“speak her own words”.

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