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双语推荐：沉积岩

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为编制1∶50万山东省大地构造相工作底图(沉积岩区)提供依据,按照沉积岩建造组合划分原则和大地构造相研究的有关要求,划分了山东省沉积岩区大地构造相和沉积岩建造组合,将山东省沉积岩区大地构造相划分为2个相系(Ⅰ级)、3个大相(Ⅱ级)、15个相(Ⅲ级)、27个亚相(Ⅳ级)及40个建造组合(Ⅴ级),并简要介绍了主要沉积岩建造组合基本特征。
In order to provide some basis for making "Tectonic Phase Base Map (sedimentary area)in Shandong Province with the Scale of 1∶500000",compilation of sedimentary rocks in "Tectonic Phase Map in Shandong Province with the Scale of 1∶500000",compilation of sedimentary rocks in "Specification of Making Tectonic Phase Map in Shandong Province with the Scale of 1∶500000",according to division principle of construction com-binations in sedimentary rocks and relative requirements of tectonic phase study,construction combinations in sedi-mentary rocks and tectonic phases in sedimentary areas in Shandong Province have been divided.Tectonic phases of sedimentary rocks in Shandong province can be divided into two phase systems (Ⅰgrade),3 large phases (Ⅱgrade),15 phases (Ⅲgrade),27 sub phases (Ⅳgrade)and 40 construction combinations (Ⅴgrade).Basic characteristics of main construction combinations of sedimentary rocks have been introduced briefly.

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石炭二叠纪是山东省主要成煤时期，同时期形成的矿产还有铝土矿及硬质粘土矿。根据以沉积岩基本层序为基础原则、以沉积相划分为依据原则、与沉积旋回划分相一致原则、与组级岩石地层单位划分相协调原则等沉积岩建造类型划分原则，将山东省石炭二叠系划分为5个沉积岩建造，介绍了其特征，并阐述了石炭二叠纪沉积岩建造与成矿作用的关系。
Carboniferous Permian is major coal forming period in Shandong province.Bauxite and hard clay deposit have been formed at the same time.Regarding basic sequence of sedimentary rock as basic principle and sedimentary facies as classification basis,coordinated sedimentary cycle division and lithostratigraphic unit division principle,Carboniferous Permian in Shandong province can be divided into 5 sedimentary rock formations,its characteristics have been introduced,and the relationship between Carboniferous Permian sedimentary rock formation and mineralization has been described.

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Re-Os同位素亲有机质的性质,使得富有机质沉积岩在沉积的过程中能够吸附富集海水中的Re、Os,沉积岩的沉积压实过程也是其中Re-Os同位素体系封闭计时的过程,沉积岩Re-Os同位素等时线年龄代表地层沉积时代,Os同位素初始比值187Os/188Os反映沉积时海水的Os同位素比值。Re-Os同位素体系在富有机质沉积岩中的成功应用,能够直接确定地层沉积时代,从而对地层界线进行直接厘定,并且能够对一些沉积矿床形成时代、冰川事件发生时代进行厘定和限制。通过沉积岩Re-Os同位素特征,可以对古环境进行反演,有助于了解全球大气海洋的演化,气候的变化,对研究生物灭绝等重大地质事件发生的时限和机制以及金属矿床的成矿物质来源具有重要意义。文章阐述了Re-Os同位素在富有机质沉积岩中应用的原理,并列举了Re-Os同位素在沉积地层精确定年及古环境反演中应用实例,说明了富有机质沉积岩Re-Os同位素分析精度及其影响因素,以使Re-Os同位素体系作为一种强有力的工具,解决更多的沉积地层时代问题以及更好地对古环境进行反演。
As Re and Os are organophilic and redox-sensitive, Re and Os are concentrated from seawater in organic-rich sediments. Re-Os geochronology of organic-rich sediments has the potential to provide direct depositional ages and vital information on the Os isotope. The successful application of Re-Os in organic-rich sedimentary rocks making it possible to obtain absolute ages for the deposition of sedimentary successions directly, and hence the age of some sedimentary deposits and glacial can be dated and constrained. From the Re-Os isotope characteristics obtained for organic-rich sediments, the Palaeoenvironment can be reconstructed, and this helps to know and understand the paleoenvironmental evolution and to date and trace the metallic deposits and oil/gas reservoir, thus playing an important role in studying numerous major issues, such as the mass extinction and the impact events. Based on the Re-Os isotope data available, the authors obtained Os isotope curve for seawater from 2.7 Ga t

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在总结岩石点荷载强度试验的基础上,为研究不同岩性的岩石点荷载强度指数与标准抗压强度的比值的差异,本文通过对山东海阳核电站一期主厂区沉积岩点荷载试验与标准岩块抗压强度试验成果进行的对比分析,得出沉积岩的各向异性指数,进而指导其在工程实际中的应用。
Point load test can determine the point load strength indexes of rock. The result then can be used to sort the rock,distinguish the aeolotropism of rock and calculate the uniaxial compressive strength of rock in the whole yard,with the conversion factor which has been calculated by some point load strength and uniaxial co mpressive strength. With the examples of the first-stage construction nuclear power station in Haiyang of Shandong province,this article has concluded that the conversion factor is different as to the different rocks,and then explained the use of point load test in actual project works.

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湖北省随南大洪山地区之"花山群"自创名以来,是一个集碎屑沉积岩、基性火山岩、酸性火山岩于一体的地质体。解体后的花山群,仅代表碎屑沉积岩组合,该组合进一步划分为洪山寺组和六房咀组,为一套由水下近岸冲积扇至盆地中央的沉积岩系,其下不整合于扬子克拉通中元古代打鼓石群碳酸盐岩褶皱基底之上,其上被南华纪莲沱组不整合超覆,属前陆盆地之构造古地理环境。并与解体出来的基性火山岩和酸性火山岩构成前陆盆地—蛇绿混杂岩带—岩浆弧之大地构造环境模式。
Since “Huashan group” in Dahongshan mountain of south Suizhou of Hubei was named ,it has meant a broad geologic body which contents clastic sedimentary rock ,basic volcanic rock ,acid volcanic rocks .After being decomposed , the “Huashan group” only stand for the clastic sedimentary rock ,which can be divide into Hongshansi formation and Li-ufangzui formation .and it represents the sedimentary body from near-shore subaqueous alluvial fan to the central of basin , which covers on the fold mesoproterozoic carbonatite basement of Dagushi group in Yangtze craton unconformity ,and is o-verlapped by Liantuo formation of Nanhua period , that belongs to the Forelandbasin tectonic-paleogeography .Huashan group together with the basic volcanic rock and acid volcanic rocks that decomposed , they form the Forelandbasin-ophio-lite belt-magmatic arc tectonic-environment mode .

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在辽宁兴城野外实习基地采用 ASD 光谱仪完成不同岩石样品光谱测试的基础上，分析了不同类型、不同地质时代的岩浆岩和沉积岩，及其风化面和新鲜面的光谱曲线特征。兴城野外不同岩浆岩与沉积岩光谱曲线形态相似，新鲜面和风化面的特征光谱吸收位置相差不大，但新鲜面的反射率普遍高于风化面的反射率；岩浆岩和沉积岩样品一般在波长为900 nm 左右存在铁离子吸收谷；除了在1400 nm 和1900 nm 处有水汽吸收带外，岩浆岩和沉积岩样品在2200 nm 左右还存在强吸收谷，而灰岩在2300 nm 左右有比较高的吸收谷，这也是利用实测光谱进行岩性分类的理论基础。但是，不同地质年代下的岩石光谱曲线变化并无规律，更多地与岩石结构、成分和环境因素等相关。这样，岩石光谱测试及其特征分析可满足研究区岩性识别、矿化蚀变信息提取的需要。
Remote sensing images record the rock spectral radiation characteristics and morphological characteristics.In the study,after the spectra of different rocks were measured in Xingcheng area for ASD spectrometer,the spectral characteristics are analyzed to the rocks with fresh and weathering surfaces for different rock types and different geological era.The spectral curves of different sedimentary and magmatic rocks are similar,and their absorbing positions have the same wavelength.But the reflectance of the fresh surface of rocks is higher than the weathering surface.Around 900 nm,the spectral absorption valley may be due to iron ions.In addition to 1 400 nm and 1 900 nm of water vapor absorption band,sedimentary and magmatic rocks have a strong absorption valley around 2 200 nm, while limestone has a relatively high peak around 2 300 nm.These are theoretical basis of rock classification in the spectral method.But the spectral features of rocks on different geological era are

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文章对与沉积岩容矿有关的热液广西高龙微细浸染型金矿、新疆霍什布拉克铅锌矿、广西盘龙铅锌矿和下雷锰矿等矿床硫化物进行硫同位素测定，硫同位素组成分别为-15.3‰~＋15.6‰，-18.8‰~＋24.2‰，-21.0‰~＋26.4‰，-32.6‰~＋32.2‰。硫同位素可以达到平衡（高龙、霍什布拉克、下雷），也可以没达到平衡（盘龙）。δ34 SΣS 值在＋13‰~＋28‰之间，表明与沉积岩容矿热液矿床中硫来源于海水硫酸盐还原硫，但不排除有岩浆硫的加入。
This paper conducted sulfur isotope assay on sulphides in deposits related to sediment-hosted hydro-thermal deposits such as Gaolong micro-disseminated Au deposit in Guangxi,Huoshibulake Pb-Zn deposit in Xinjiang,Panlong Pb-Zn deposit and Xialei Mn deposit in Guangxi,and the sulfur isotope compositions are respectively -15.3‰~+15.6‰,- 18.8‰~+24.2‰,-21.0‰~+26.4‰ and -32.6‰~+32.2‰. The sulfur isotope can be balanced (such as those in Gaolong,Huoshibulake and Xialei),and it also can be unbalanced (such as that in Panlong).δ34 SΣS value varies between +13‰ and +28‰.It is suggested that the source of sulfur in sediment-hosted hydrothermal deposits derives from seawater sulfate reduction,and magma-degassing sulfur may have been involved in the process.

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河北省兴隆县陡子峪铁矿是近年新发现的一个鞍山式铁矿,区内太古界迁西群上亚群跑马场组(Arp)地层中发现磁铁主矿体5条,次要矿体及矿化体众多。磁铁矿体规模较小且分布零散,但数量较多。通过对本区控矿因素进行分析,认为赋矿围岩岩性多为由基性火山岩变质而成的角闪斜长片麻岩(局部麻粒岩),原岩中沉积岩的发育程度较低,而鞍山式铁矿与原岩中沉积岩的发育程度正相关,从而导致形成的磁铁矿规模小、厚度薄、层数多、矿体零散。
Douziyu Fe deposit in Xinglong of Hebei is an Anshan-type iron deposit which is discovered in re-cent years.In this area,5 main magnetite orebodies and other many minor ores body and mineralized bodies are found in Paomachang Formation of upper sub-group of Qianxi Group of Archean Erathem.The discov-ered magnetite orebodies are small-scaled and scattered,but are numerous in amount.Through the analysis of ore-controlling factors in the area,it is believed that the host wall rock is mainly the amphibole plagiog-neiss (partly granulite)converted from basic volcanic rock,and sedimentary rock in protolith is poorly devel-oped.Because the development level of Anshan type iron ore is positively related to that of sedimentary rock in protolith,the magnetite is small-scaled,thin,multi-layered and scattered.

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对国内外科学钻探实践进行了简要回顾,对超万米科学钻探工程面临的技术难题进行了分类描述。在此基础上,考虑沉积岩和结晶岩2种地层条件,提出了13000 m科学超深井的钻探技术方案。
The article looked back briefly on the history of the scientific drilling practice and described the challenges of the super-depth scientific Drilling-wells.The 13000m drilling technology plan of super-depth scientific drilling-well was put for-ward.

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介绍了铁路工程地质的主要类型，详细阐述了铁路地质勘测中常用的技术方法，并列举了岩浆岩、深变质岩、沉积岩、浅变质岩、松散沉积层等地区的地质勘探方法，以提高工程地质勘探的效益和质量。
The paper introduces the main types of railway engineering geology, mainly illustrates the common technical methods for the railway geological survey, and lists the geological survey approaches for magmatic rock, grade metamorphic rock, sedimentary rock, epimetamorphic rock, and unconsolidated sediments, so as to improve the benefits and quality of the engineering geological survey.

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