河流健康与人类社会发展息息相关,河流健康问题的出现引起了国内外对河流健康的研究,不同的角度对河流健康内涵的理解与健康评价方法不同.本文提出对河流健康涵义理解存在的争议性问题,探讨分析河流健康、河流系统及河流生态系统间的相互关系,概括河流的两种属性与两种内涵.最后从评价内容和原理两个方面阐述河流健康评价的常用方法,针对河流健康评价的属性与方法总结河流健康评价的特点.

@@@@The river health vitally relates to the human society .The problem caused people over the world to research from different views with dissimilar evaluation method .Firstly ,the article puts forward controversial comprehension of river health ,and then further analyzes the relationship among river health , river system and river ecosystem .Lastly ,it elaborates the assessment of river health from two aspects of evaluation content and principle ,and summarizes the distinguishing feature based on attribute and means of river health evaluation .

以河流健康评价理论为基础,针对东苕溪流域实际特点,提出建立东苕溪流域水动力学模型、水质模型,计算河流纳污能力;建立河流健康评价模型,在两者基础上构建河流健康预警耦合模型。通过模型计算得到定量化的评价指数,为后续的河流健康建设与管理提供数据支撑和决策依据。

The river health evaluation theory as the theoretical basis,according to the actual characteristics of the Dongtia-oxi River,proposed the establishment of the Dongtiaoxi river hydrodynamic model and water quality model,for calculating the river water environmental capacity;establishment of river health evaluation model,then we build the river health warn-ing coupled model based on the two aspects. Quantitative evaluation index is calculated by the model,provides the data support and decision-making basis for the construction and management of the river health.

随着经济的迅速发展、城市化进程的不断加快和人口数量的快速膨胀，人类对河流的干扰日渐增加，河流的健康问题日渐凸显并已在全球引起广泛重视。河流管理从单一的污染防治及工程整治向综合考虑水体修复与生态保护的河流生态系统管理方式转变，旨在从水质、生物、生态等众多角度综合评估河流系统状况、改进河流管理的河流健康概念得以提出并受到更多的关注，已经成为河流或流域管理的国际趋势。对河流进行保护和修复的前提是必须先判断和评价河流是否处于健康状态，由此，河流健康评价研究日渐成为研究热点。

With the rapid development of the economy, the accelerating process of urbanization and the rapid expansion of the population, the interference of human to the river has been increasing, the river health problem becomes increasingly salient and has attracted wide attention in the global world. River management has evoluted from focusing on economic benefits and river construction works to a comprehensive view of river restoration and ecologieal peotection. River health has been applied to the assessment of river condition and becomes more than just a rhetorical tool. The premise of the protection and restoration of the river is must first to judge and evaluate whether the river is in a healthy state. Thus, evaluation of river health is increasingly becoming a research hotspot.

河流健康评价研究对河流环境的治理与保护具有重要的指导作用。运用模糊层次评价法确定了河流健康系统中各级指标的权重,然后通过引入可变模糊集理论建立了河流健康评价的模糊层次与可变模糊集(FAHP-VFS)耦合模型。进而以西宁市南川河为例,利用20个定量、定性指标组成的河流健康评价体系,从地貌、生态、水文特征3个方面进行了健康评价。结果表明,南川河总体上处于健康状态,但有部分河段处于亚健康状态,因此应进行分段整治。

River health assessment plays an important role in guiding the control and protection of river environment. In this pa2 per, fuzzy hierarchy analysis was used to determine the weight of each index in the river health system, and variable fuzzy set theory was introduced to establish an integrated model of fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and variable fuzzy set ( FAHP2 VFS). The model was applied in theNanchuan River. Twenty quantitativeand qualitativeindexes wereselected to develop the river health evaluation system,and river health was evaluated from three aspects including geomorphology,ecology, and hydrol2 ogy. The results showed that the overall Nanchuan River is in a healthy state,but some segments are in a sub2healthy state, which suggested that the Nanchuan River needs sectionalized regulations.

河流健康状况评价是河流管理和河流生态系统监控的基础。本文针对水电开发程度较高的岷江上游开展河流健康状态标识及评价研究。尝试从河流结构、生态环境功能、社会服务功能3个方面表征河流的健康状况,其中引入鱼类生物完整因子,结合岷江上游水生生态特点及国外研究现状拟定了12个指标对该因子进行表述;并采用多目标模糊评价模型,在确定岷江上游指标权重与指标标准特征值前提下,开展健康评价。评价结果表明:岷江上游由于电站的建设导致枯水期减水河段的河流动力大幅度下降;蜿蜒度以及水质状况良好;减水河段长度比及纵向连通性较差,岷江上游鱼类生物完整性属差的状态,社会环境功能指标一般,河流的综合健康状况处于较差状态,需采取一定措施对其进行生态修复以期恢复到相对健康的状态。

The evaluation of river health is the foundation of environmental management and ecosystem of the river monitoring .The pa-per study on the identification and evaluation of river health status in the upper reaches of Minjiang River in hydropower development of high -er level.Try from the stream structure, ecological function, social service function 3 aspects of river health.The introduction of biological integrity factor includes 12 indicators , combined with ecological characteristics of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River water and the pres -ent situation of foreign research on the development .Using multi-objective fuzzy evaluation model to assess health status of the upper rea-ches of Minjiang River with determine the index standard eigenvalue premise and weight .The evaluation results show that:the upper reaches of Minjiang River power station construction due to lead to substantially dry season water reducing , river meandering down;and water quality in good condition;reduci