河流健康状况评价是河流管理和河流生态系统监控的基础。本文针对水电开发程度较高的岷江上游开展河流健康状态标识及评价研究。尝试从河流结构、生态环境功能、社会服务功能3个方面表征河流的健康状况,其中引入鱼类生物完整因子,结合岷江上游水生生态特点及国外研究现状拟定了12个指标对该因子进行表述;并采用多目标模糊评价模型,在确定岷江上游指标权重与指标标准特征值前提下,开展健康评价。评价结果表明:岷江上游由于电站的建设导致枯水期减水河段的河流动力大幅度下降;蜿蜒度以及水质状况良好;减水河段长度比及纵向连通性较差,岷江上游鱼类生物完整性属差的状态,社会环境功能指标一般,河流的综合健康状况处于较差状态,需采取一定措施对其进行生态修复以期恢复到相对健康的状态。

The evaluation of river health is the foundation of environmental management and ecosystem of the river monitoring .The pa-per study on the identification and evaluation of river health status in the upper reaches of Minjiang River in hydropower development of high -er level.Try from the stream structure, ecological function, social service function 3 aspects of river health.The introduction of biological integrity factor includes 12 indicators , combined with ecological characteristics of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River water and the pres -ent situation of foreign research on the development .Using multi-objective fuzzy evaluation model to assess health status of the upper rea-ches of Minjiang River with determine the index standard eigenvalue premise and weight .The evaluation results show that:the upper reaches of Minjiang River power station construction due to lead to substantially dry season water reducing , river meandering down;and water quality in good condition;reduci

为加强河流管理，在已有的河流生态系统健康研究和BP人工神经网络模型基础上建立了河流生态健康预警模型，并对滦河河流未来健康状况进行了预警。结果表明：滦河在未来20年内河流生态健康状况将有所好转，其中近期水平年2015年为轻度疾病状态，为中警级别；中期水平年2020年与远期水平年2030年均为亚健康状态，为轻警级别。此外针对河流未来的警情状态，从警源分析角度提出了节水、优化水源工程、减污等关于滦河河流生态治理措施。

In order to manage rivers more effectively, a river ecosystem health early warning model based on the existing study of river ecosystem health and BP artificial neural networks was established and applied in the early warning of the Luanhe River’ s health status. The results show that the ecosystem health of the Luanhe River will be improved in the next 20 years: in 2015, its health will be in a mild disease state, corresponding to the middle warning level, and in 2020 and 2030, its health will be in a sub-health state, corresponding to the lower warning level. Measures to improve the ecosystem health of the Luanhe River, including water conservation, optimization of water supply projects, and water pollution mitigation, are proposed on the bases of future warning levels and warning sources.

通过构建一套实用可行、便于操作的河流健康评价指标体系，采用灰色聚类法来评价河流健康状况，其中结合层次分析法（ AHP ）计算评价指标的权重并运用灰色三角白化权函数进行评价，最终得到河流健康等级。该方法评价河流健康所得结果与模糊数学综合评价法所得结果相吻合，为河流健康评价提供了一种有效的方法。

This study established a set of feasible and operative river health evaluation index system to evaluate the health of the river using gray clustering method.We got the final river health level by using the analytic hierarchy process ( AHP) to calculate the weight of evaluation and the trigonometri-cally whiten weight function to evaluate the result.The method for evaluating the result of river health is consistent with the result of fuzzy math comprehensive evaluation method , it provided an effective approach to river health assessment.

随着经济发展,人类活动对河流生态系统的胁迫日益强烈,生态系统健康状况受到严重威胁.本研究以海河流域2010年73个采样点的水质、营养盐和底栖动物指标为例,采用指标体系法,从化学完整性和生物完整性两方面评价了流域内河流生态系统健康.结果表明,海河流域河流生态系统健康状况整体较差,有72.6%的样点处于"极差"健康状态,同时表现出明显的地区集聚效应;河流水质与人类活动强度密切相关;海河流域水体富营养化趋势明显;流域内底栖动物多样性低,清洁物种较少.氨氮、总氮、总磷等营养盐指标是影响河流生态系统健康的关键因子,应从控制上述指标入手,遏制海河流域河流生态系统健康恶化.对于河流生态系统健康评价,多因子的综合评价法优于单因子评价法.

With the development of economy, the health of river ecosystem is severely threatened because of the increasing effects of human activities on river ecosystem. In this paper, the authors assessed the river ecosystem health in aspects of chemical integrity and biological integrity, using the criterion in water quality, nutrient, and benthic macroinvertebrates of 73 samples in Haihe River Basin. The research showed that the health condition of river ecosystem in Haihe River Basin was bad overall since the health situation of 72. 6% of the samples was “extremely bad”. At the same time, the health situation in Haihe River Basin exhibited obvious regional gathering effect. We also found that the river water quality was closely related to human activities, and the eutrophication trend of water body was evident in Haihe River Basin. The biodiversity of the benthic animal was low and lack of clean species in the basin. The indicators such as ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and tot

随着经济的迅速发展、城市化进程的不断加快和人口数量的快速膨胀，人类对河流的干扰日渐增加，河流的健康问题日渐凸显并已在全球引起广泛重视。河流管理从单一的污染防治及工程整治向综合考虑水体修复与生态保护的河流生态系统管理方式转变，旨在从水质、生物、生态等众多角度综合评估河流系统状况、改进河流管理的河流健康概念得以提出并受到更多的关注，已经成为河流或流域管理的国际趋势。对河流进行保护和修复的前提是必须先判断和评价河流是否处于健康状态，由此，河流健康评价研究日渐成为研究热点。

With the rapid development of the economy, the accelerating process of urbanization and the rapid expansion of the population, the interference of human to the river has been increasing, the river health problem becomes increasingly salient and has attracted wide attention in the global world. River management has evoluted from focusing on economic benefits and river construction works to a comprehensive view of river restoration and ecologieal peotection. River health has been applied to the assessment of river condition and becomes more than just a rhetorical tool. The premise of the protection and restoration of the river is must first to judge and evaluate whether the river is in a healthy state. Thus, evaluation of river health is increasingly becoming a research hotspot.