目前关于波浪对上部结构的冲击研究大多针对平板,而高桩码头上部结构为带有梁格的面板,作用于其上的波浪冲击荷载与平板存在很大差别。本文利用CFD软件FLOW3D建立了规则波三维数值水槽,分别模拟了波浪对平板与高桩梁板码头上部结构的冲击过程,并对比分析两种结构的波浪冲击荷载随相对净空的变化规律。结果表明,二者受到的波浪冲击荷载存在较大差异,梁格对码头上部结构的波浪冲击荷载影响显著,在设计计算中应当予以考虑。

At present,the researches of wave impact on the supersturcture have always focused on deck. The wave impact load on the beam-slab structure supported on piles is different from that on the deck. A 3-D regular wave numeical flume is built by using FLOW3D of CFD software to simulate the process of wave impact on the deck and beam-slab structure on piles respectively. In addition,the law of wave impact load varying with relative clearance is compared and analysized. The research results show that the wave impact load on the superstructure is affected greatly by beam,which should be considered in the design.

基于多物质ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)方法,利用带阻尼罚函数实现波浪与防浪堤结构间耦合作用,模拟波浪冲击作用下防浪堤结构及流体三维动态响应过程,所得结果与物理模型试验结果一致性较好。讨论挡浪墙表面波压力分布及挡浪墙所承受最大水平推力及结构动态响应对波浪冲击系数影响。结果表明,前挡浪墙静水面位置与后挡浪墙底部波压力较大;后墙承受波浪水平推力较大;结构动态响应会增强波浪的冲击作用。仿真结果可作为防浪堤强度设计重要依据及控制越浪量设计参考。

To understand and improve the anti-wave-impact performance of coastal breakwater,the dynamic behaviors of breakwater under wave impact were numerically simulated.The wave movement was modeled by using the multi-material arbitrary lagrangian-eulerian (ALE)method.The interaction between breakwater structure and fluid was studied by applying the penalty method.The model and approaches were validated by comparing numerical results with experimental data.Based on the above investigation,a numerical simulation was performed to explore the wave pressure distribution of seawall surface and the maximum horizontal thrust.The effect of structure response of breakwater on wave pressure was also dealt with.The results show that:the wave pressures are in good agreement with the experimental results,the wave impact is enhanced by structural dynamic response,and the rear wall withstands the larger horizontal wave thrust.The results can provide references to the anti-wave-impact design and overtopping

为了克服船用的起重机在海洋工况船舶并靠吊装货物时,因海浪起伏使吊装船与接收船呈现复杂的波动状态,如横摇、纵摇及升沉运动,从而造成两船复杂的相对运动而使其无法平稳完成装卸并会因冲击和碰撞使货物受到损坏,甚至发生重大事故,提出了一种自适应波浪动态补偿液压绞车及成套控制系统,能随着波浪的起伏自动调节起重机的起重速度,从而成功避免由于波浪造成的起吊问题。用户应用结果表明,该设计安全可靠,传动效率高,可以大范围内推广应用。

In order to overcome the complicate change of position caused by waves when two ships transport cargo on the sea, such as back and forth, up and down, or tilting, making smooth hoisting and avoiding to impaction each other and damage the cargo, more even making severe accident, the paper presented an adaptive wave compensation hydraulic winch and control system to help adapting the marine crane speed with the wave motion. The customer ap-plication results showed that the design features high reliabity and high working efficiency. Therefore the design could be applied to more fields.

延展式张力腿平台是一种适用于深水油气开采的海洋平台结构。提出一种新型平台由四个立柱和一个环形浮箱连接而成，环形浮箱是由四个箱型梁焊接而成。根据给出的南海海域的海况条件和相应的规范计算结构的环境载荷，运用SESAM软件 Deep C 模块，考虑风、浪、流等环境荷载的作用和张力腿系统的非线性影响，进行了时域耦合分析，得到了平台的运动位移时程、张力腿系统张力时程和张力极值等。模拟波浪破碎作为冲击载荷，得到张力腿平台在冲击荷载作用下的运动位移时程、张力腿系统的张力时程。研究结果表明：该新型平台具有良好的运动响应，张力筋腱应力满足安全要求；在冲击载荷作用下新型平台的运动响应也满足要求。

Extended Tension Leg Platform (ETLP) is one of the offshore structures which are suitable for oil and gas exploration in deepwater. A new concept of ETLP which consists of four columns and a ring pontoon has been proposed in this paper. The ring pontoon is welded with four box beams. A time domain coupling analysis is carried out based on the sea state of the South China Sea and the environmental loads calculated according to corresponding specifications using Deep C modules of SESAM, with consideration of environmental loads such as wind, wave, current and nonlinear effect of the tension leg system. The time domain results of the platform′s displacement and tension legs system′s tensions, and the extreme tension, etc., are obtained. Then these time domain analyses under impact load are calculated by simulating breaking waves as impact load.

破碎波对近海海岸地形以及海岸建筑物影响强烈,通过物理模型实验对孤立波、规则波作用下破碎带的床面形态以及孔隙水压力进行分析。破碎波冲击海床,破碎处床面上形成沙坝和沙坑,与规则波相比,孤立波破碎时对床面的冲刷更加剧烈,床面形成的沙坝和沙坑尺度更大,且土体内孔隙水压力幅值也较大。同时研究了波面变化对孔隙水压力的影响,发现波面变化历时曲线与孔隙水压力历时曲线相似,与孔隙水压力梯度历时曲线更为相似,说明波面变化更能反映海床内部孔隙水压力梯度的变化。通过探讨波浪与海床之间相互耦合作用,发现破碎带地形变化使得波浪出现不同破碎类型,分析得出卷破波比崩破波作用下孔隙水压力幅值大。

Breaking wave has significant influence on the offshore coastal topography and offshore struc-tures .Based on the physical model experiments ,the bed form and pore water pressure are analyzed in the wave broken zone under the solitary wave and regular wave .Under breaking wave impact ,the seabed sur-face scour is more heavily .Sandbar and sandpit are formed at the wave broken zone ,and their scales are larger and the amplitudes of pore water pressure are higher under the solitary wave compared with regular wave .At the same time ,effect of the variation of wave surface on the pore water pressure was studied .It is found that the duration curves of wave surface changing are similar to the duration curves of pore water pressure and it is more similar to the duration curves of pore water pressure gradient .It shows that the variation of wave surface can mostly reflect the variation of pore water pressure gradient on the seabed . Based on the discuss of the coupling effect between wave and