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双语推荐：滚动摩擦

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基于齿轮啮合原理,建立了分析单齿啮合功率损失的模型和方法.首先,根据齿轮滑动摩擦和滚动摩擦的形成机理,建立了滑动和滚动摩擦功率损失比的模型,运用力学和几何学的方法推导出功率损失比计算公式;然后,编写了MATLAB程序,获得滑动摩擦和滚动摩擦功率损失沿着啮合线的变化趋势,分析了齿轮几何参数、传动比、载荷对齿轮滑动和滚动摩擦功率损失的影响;最后,在FZG齿轮试验机上测试了模数、压力角和齿数比对啮合功率损失的影响.研究结果为设计低功率损失的齿轮系统提供了依据.
Based on the theory of gear meshing ,the analysis model and method of single tooth meshing are presented .Firstly ,according to the formation mechanism of sliding and rolling fric-tion ,the sliding and rolling power loss ratio models were constructed and the formula of power loss ratio was derivated by the theory of mechanics and geometry .Then ,the MATLAB programs were written to get the change trend of sliding and rolling friction power losses along the action line .T he influences of basic gear geometric parameters ,gear ratio ,and load on the sliding and rolling friction power loss were investigated .Finally ,the effects of module ,pressure angle and gear ratio on the meshing power losses were tested in the FZG back-to-back gear test rig .This methodology may be helpful to the design of low power losses gear systems .

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乒乓球拧技术是属于乒乓球运动的弧旋球技术,反手像拧麻花那样在球台内做多联杆万向节相向、相对旋扭滚动摩擦反弹携带复合运动在近网拉出弧旋球的被公称为"拧"的切撞原理及滚动摩擦反弹携带技术。且张继科以应用拧技术发动旋转进攻得分,取得进攻先机而获得奥运会、世锦赛、世界杯冠军成为大满贯得主,及樊振东等用拧技术在2013年全运会获得团体、双打冠军的成绩,已佐证拧技术的先进和合理性。
This paper describes the case of table tennis topspin arc technology, backhand twist twist like as long on the link in the tables opposite gimbal relative rebound knob rolling friction composite motion carried nearly pulled off spin of network cut is widely known as the“twist” in principle and rolling friction rebound hit carry technology. And Zhang Jike application to launch rotating screw offensive score, get offensive opportunities and ac-cess to the Olympic Games,World Championships,World Cup champion to become a Grand Slam winner, and Fan Zhendong with a twist, such as the National Games in 2013 won the team doubles championship results corrobo-rated twist science and technology advancement.

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车床跟刀架是径向支撑旋转工件的辅助装置,加工时,与刀具一起沿工件轴向移动。某车间现有传统车床跟刀架支承爪磨损严重。借用滚动轴承改进设计了一种新型跟刀架,利用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦。经实践检验,效果良好,有效地解决了支承爪的磨损问题。
Lathe follow rest is the auxiliary device of radical support rotational work piece and moves with cutter a -long axial direction of work piece .The follow rest support claws of a traditional lathe took place severe wear in a certain plant.A new type follow rest has been designed by adopting rolling bearing improvement , which dealed with rolling friction instead of sliding friction .Finally wear issue of support claws has been solved and obtained sound efficiency by practical verifying .

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为了精确地估计轮胎抓地状态,该文针对影响汽车行驶稳定性和安全性的轮胎和地面之间的相互作用模型进行了深入研究。采用轮胎刷子模型,同时考虑纵向滑移和侧向滑移情况,提出了改进的复合滑移轮胎刷子模型。利用抓地力和最大滚动摩擦系数确定轮胎抓地状态。通过定义复合滑移系数建立了一个关于抓地状态的一元三次方程式,讨论模型中参数对抓地状态的影响,为了提高模型适应性,同时考虑了速度与最大滚动摩擦系数的变化关系。选用225/60R18轮胎的某车型进行3次重复双移线试验,结果显示:在转向时间段内(1.8~2,3.2~3.4,4.4~4.6 s)抓地状态分别为0.54、0.79和0.39,与估计值极限误差分别为4%、5.4%和5.2%,而在直线行驶时测量值与估计值误差小于2%,说明此解析模型可为预测轮胎滑移状态提供一种新的方法。该文对汽车操纵稳定性的研究具有一定的指导意义。
In order to obtain accurate estimation of the tire gripping state, a model on the interaction between the tire and the ground playing a key role in the driving stability and the security of vehicles was studied in this paper. Adopting the Brush Model of tire and considering the contact differences between the longitudinal slip and the lateral slip considered, an improved Brush Model of tire based on the compound slip theory was proposed for modeling the tire gripping state. The Brush Model is an important method to predict the force between the tire and the ground, and in this simplified tire model, the contact state between the tire and the road can be divided into the adhesion area and the slip area. The forces in the adhesion area come from the static friction between the tread of rigid carcass and the road, and the forces in the slip area come from the sliding friction between the tread and the road. The innovation of this article is to distinguish the friction types between the ad

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对双金属管锥形模旋转挤压过程进行分析和数值模拟。建立了运动许可速度场，并用来评估内能以及在摩擦和速度断面上的损耗功。通过平衡旋转模容器与芯棒滚动摩擦而产生的力矩来确定容器中材料的捻线长度。通过引入所需的外能来平衡总功，并优化模具与外部材料之间的有关滑移参数，得到挤压力。结果表明，采用锥模旋转挤压可使挤压力减少20%。采用ABAQUS有限元程序模拟双金属管的旋转挤压过程。模拟结果与分析结果表现出很好的一致性。
Bimetal tube extrusion process through rotating conical dies was studied analytically and numerically. A kinematically admissible velocity field was developed to evaluate the internal power and the power dissipated on frictional and velocity discontinuity surfaces. By balancing the moment applied by the rotary die with the moments caused by the circumferential frictions in the container and on the mandrel, the twisting length of the material in the container was determined. By equating the total power with the required external power, the extrusion pressure was determined by optimizing with respect to the slippage parameter between the die and the outer material. It is shown that the extrusion pressure is decreased by about 20%by the die rotation. The bimetal tube extrusion process through rotating die was also simulated using the finite element code, ABAQUS. Analytical results were compared with the results given by the finite element method. These comparisons show a good agreement.

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为了实现双定子液压马达的径向间隙补偿与可靠密封,提出了一种连杆外滚柱结构形式.依靠马达工作时产生的离心惯性力与液压力差,将连杆与滚柱分别压紧内、外定子曲线,形成密封容积;对不同工况下的双定子液压马达进行了受力分析,得到了各接触面正压力的数学表达式;同时搭建了试验台进行验证.结果表明:连杆外滚柱结构的双定子液压马达能够在实现滚压的同时具有更高地容积效率和比功率,连杆滚柱组与外定子间有滚动摩擦,减少了对定子曲线的磨损,延长了马达的工作寿命.
In order to achieve radial clearance compensation and reliable sealing ,connecting rod outer pin roller double-stator multi-motor was proposed .Driven by the high pressure oil and centrifugal in-ertial force ,the connecting rod and the pin roller were pressed on the stators tightly ,forming the seal-ing volume .Force analysis was done under different working conditions ,and the mathematical ex-pressions of the positive pressure on each interface were obtained .The experimental platform which used to test the prototype was set up .The results indicate that connecting rod outer pin roller double-stator multi-motor can acquire rolling w hile maintaining higher volumetric efficiency and have higher power density ,and the rolling contact in the motor can reduce the wear and tear in stator curves , which will prolong the service life of the motor .

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在高速列车实际运行中，轮轨之间会发生剧烈摩擦。轮轨之间的摩擦不仅存在滚动摩擦运动，也存在相对横向和径向滑动摩擦运动，特别在小曲线弯道时不能忽视滑动摩擦产生的破坏作用。文章以动车轮轨材料LM1奥贝体钢为摩擦试验样块做研究对象，使用往复式球-盘试验机通过考察不同条件下的滑动摩擦实验研究，进行了不同载荷，不同温度，不同滑动速度下的轮轨材料摩擦实验，然后使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM），非接触三维表面轮廓仪（3D-MAP），X射线衍射（XRD），X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等实验表征设备来解释摩擦机理。
Friction exists between wheel and rail in high-speed train operation, including not only the rolling friction, but also relative lateral and radial sliding friction. Thus effects produced by sliding friction in big curve corners can not be ignored. In order to study sliding friction coefficient of high-speed train of wheel and rail ma-terials under different conditions, this paper uses UMT-3 friction testing machine to explore the friction behav-ior of wheel LM1 steel material samples under different conditions, such as different loads, different tempera-tures, different relative speeds. The friction mechanism is analyzed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) experiments characterization equipment.

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采用声光调Q二极管泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器在45#钢表面进行织构化处理,并填充不同的黏结MoS2基复合固体润滑剂;在销盘线接触的摩擦磨损试验机上研究含不同配比复合固体润滑剂的织构表面的滚动摩擦性能。研究结果表明:织构表面填充黏接型复合固体润滑剂改善了其摩擦性能,其中填充含质量分数50%MoS2复合固体润滑剂的织构表面的摩擦因数最低;在线接触滚动过程中,黏结MoS2基复合固体润滑剂织构表面的摩擦因数均随着载荷和转速的增大而减小,这是因为高速重载促进了转移膜在对偶面的形成,该转移膜显示出良好的减摩性能。
The surface textures were produced on 45 steel surfaces by a Q-switched solid-state Nd∶YAG laser,and bond-ed MoS2 solid lubricant was filled on the texturing surfaces.Rolling friction performance of the texturing surfaces filled by the bonded solid lubricants with different MoS2 content was studied by the friction and wear testing machine under the pin-plate line contact.The results show that the bonded solid lubricants can improve the lubrication performance of the textu-ring surfaces,and the texturing surface filled by the bonded solid lubricants with 50%MoS2 has the lowest coefficient.The rolling friction coefficient of the texturing surface filled by the bonded solid lubricants is decreased with the increase of load and rotational speed during line contact rolling process.The formation of a transfer film is promoted by the high-speed and high load in the texturing surfaces,and the transfer film shows good lubrication performance.

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PASSIM卷烟机布带轮是烟支成型的关键部件之一。烟支成型过程中,布带轮驱动布带,并由布带牵引烟丝束和卷烟纸以一定速度进入烟枪。在生产过程中,由于布带轮与布带之间打滑容易引起烟丝束在烟枪内瞬时停滞甚至堵塞,从而影响成品烟支的烟丝分布,导致烟支重量不稳和烟支空头等质量问题。针对该问题,系统从布带打滑现象产生的原因出发,并根据布带张紧机构相关动力学机理进行分析论证后,对布带张紧轮机构中张紧臂的运动摩擦方式进行改造,由改造前的滑动摩擦改为滚动摩擦。改造后,能有效地解决布带轮与布带间相对打滑的问题,保证产品质量。
The tape drum of PASSIM cigarette maker is one of the key components for cigarette forming.During the forming process of cigarette, the tape is driven by tape drum and tracts tobacco beam and paper into the gun with a definite veloci-ty.In the production process,the slippage between the tape drum and the tape causes tobacco beam for the instantaneous stagnation or even blockage,af-fecting the distribution of the finished tobacco beam and causing cigarette weight instability,short cigarettes and other quality problems.To solve this problem,this paper is researching for the transfor-mation of way for movement and friction,transfor-ming the former sliding friction to rolling friction in accordance with the reason of cloth belt slippageand tape tensioning mechanism underlying dynam-ics analysis and demonstration.After the transfor-mation,it can effectively solve the relative slippage issue between pulley and cloth belt to ensure prod-uct quality.

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为提高聚苯硫醚（PPS）的耐磨性能，采用了质量分数均为40％的玻璃纤维（GF）和碳纤维（CF）增强PPS，研究对比了它们的摩擦磨损性能，发现CF增强PPS的摩擦系数和磨损率均低于GF增强PPS。在此基础上，采用聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）和纳米SiO2对GF增强PPS进行复合耐磨改性，研究了PTFE和纳米SiO2含量对GF增强PPS摩擦磨损性能及电绝缘性能的影响。结果表明，相对于质量分数为40％的CF增强PPS，在相同质量分数的GF增强PPS中采用质量分数均为10％的PTFE和纳米SiO2，可以在较低成本下使其获得更低的摩擦系数、磨损率，以及滚动摩擦时的磨损质量和磨损体积，同时保持良好的电绝缘性能。
In order to improve the wear resistance properties of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS),glass fiber (GF) and carbon fiber (CF) reinforced PPS (the mass fraction of GF and CF is 40%respectively) were adopted and their friction and wear resistant properties were compared,it is found that the coefficient of friction and wear rate of the 40%CF reinforced PPS are all lower than those of the 40%GF reinforced PPS. Based on the above experiment,polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nano-SiO2 were used for modifying the 40%GF reinforced PPS and then the effects of contents of PTFE and nano-SiO2 on the friction,wear resistant and insulation properties of the GF reinforced PPS were studied. The results show that comparing with the 40%CF reinforced PPS,the coefficient of friction,wear rate,wear mass and volume for rolling friction and material cost of the 40%GF reinforced PPS modified by PTFE with mass fraction of 10%and nano-SiO2 with mass fraction of 10%were lower,meanwhile,the insulation prope

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