中国新时期生态小说的发展已经进入瓶颈区。经过20世纪的生态启蒙,生态小说创作数量正快速增长,质量也日渐提升。但无论是在题材和形象塑造上,还是在小说文本的内涵上,都存在着一些影响生态小说良性发展的弊病。中国新时期生态小说要走出当前的困境,需要切实转变创作的趋同性倾向、进行合理的文化批判、深化文学审美和哲学思辨等。

The ecological novels in the new period of China has entered the bottleneck area. After the ecological enlightenment of last century,its quantity and quality have been greatly enhanced. However,whether it was on the theme and image-building, or on the meaning of the text, there were some nagetive problems in the development of the ecological novels. To get out of the current difficulties, writers need to change the tendency of homogenization in creation, carry out cultural criticism reasonably, deepen the literary aesthetic and philosophical speculation, etc.

从社会叙事学角度而言，作为技术层面的叙事视角的选择，关乎作家的叙事立场和姿态，乃至世界观和人生观。本文认为，视角下移，关注底层生态，以底层作为着眼点，辐射社会与文化精神生态，是未来我国生态小说本土化创作的重要方式。本文拟从叙事视角弱势群体转向﹑尊严与人道思辨﹑生态苦难书写三个方面，对当代生态小说底层叙事进行分析。

The choice of narrative perspective with a technical level is closely connected with the writers'' so-cial standpoint and stance, even their world view and life value, from the perspective of social narrative. This pa-per suggests that one important way of localizing the creation of China''s contemporary ecological novels in the fu-ture is to shift the point to bottom-class ecology in order to reflect social and cultural spiritual ecology. The paper makes an analysis of the bottom-class narration from the aspects of the shift of narrative perspective to the under-privileged, dignity and humane reflection as well as ecological writing about miseries.

台湾生态作家吴明益撰写的小说《复眼人》，引发了有关环境的后人类生态批评。本文将探讨物质论生态女性主义者巴拉德（Karen Barad）的“自然动能论”（agential realism）、后结构主义生态批评家莫顿（Timothy Morton）的“黑暗生态”（dark ecology）、环境科学作家卡森（Rachel Carson）的“杂草美学”（weed aes-thetics）以及后人类女性主义者哈乐薇（Donna Haraway）的“赛博格”（cyborg）这些概念，以此来分析吴明益小说中的生态浩劫想象与后人类伦理观。

The Man with the Compound Eyes by Taiwanese environmental writer Wu Ming-yi is a novel that generates posthumanist ecocritical questions about the environment. In this paper I identify and discuss those con-cepts by tying them to Wu''s novel about ecological catastrophe and posthumanist ethics. The concepts are material ecofeminist Karen Barad''s “agential realism”, poststructuralist ecocritic Timothy Morton''s “dark ecology”, envi-ronmental scientist writer Rachel Carson''s “weed aesthetics”, and posthumanist feminist Donna Haraway''s“cy-borg”.

贝娄在其小说中发出了生态批评的声音，其作品呈现了他的和谐生态观以及他对人类生存环境所具有的强烈的忧患意识。小说《院长的十二月》就是一个极好的例证。小说不仅表现了人与自然关系的异化，而且表现了人在与自然的对抗中自我的深刻异化。贝娄在小说中呼唤通过建立一种人与自然的和谐关系，使得人与自然、人与社会关系走上良性发展的轨迹，实现人对自然的“浪漫式回归”、人与自然的美好相遇。

Saul Bellow voices his sound ecological criticism in his novels which displays his strong sense of urgency towards hu_man environment and his harmonious ecological view. His novel Dean’s December is an excellent example. The novel presents not only the alienation between man and nature,but also the profound alienation human being themselves in their confrontation and antagonism with nature. In the novel,Bellow calls for the establishment of a harmonious relationship between men and nature which helps to fundamentally change the natural and social environment,so that the relation between men and nature,men and society will enter into the track of healthy development,thus men can ultimately realize the“romantic return”to nature as well as the beautiful encounter between men and nature.

劳伦斯一生钟爱自然，向往自然古朴的生活。他的小说、诗歌、散文等许多作品都闪烁着生态思想的光芒。本文从文学地理学批评的角度对作家的几部重要的小说进行重新解读，从作品中建构的矿区空间出发，解释作家热爱自然厌恶工业文明的原因，阐述作家主要的生态思想。

Lawrence exhibited extraordinary love for nature in his life, longing for a natural and simple life. His novels, poems, proses and other literature works are all rich with ecological ideology. This paper analyzes his several important novels from the perspective of Literary Geography; starting from mining area space constructed in his works, this paper intends to explain the reasons why Lawrence showed aversion to industrial civilization and elaborates on his ecological ideology.