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双语推荐：知人论世

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李光地用仁义礼智的理学思想评价古人,强调文道兼备的性格,即是"知人";他强调格物致知,穷理即为格物,格物即为知本,注重把古人置于当时所处的气运、朝代之大背景,即是"论世";他还将"知人论世"观运用于选文,符合其"知人论世"观的文章后选存。
Li Guangdi commented ancient people with his Confucianism Thought. He advocated the character with both culture and mo-rality,that is:"knowing man"( zhiren). He also advocated that investigation brought knowledge. He thought that reading meant inves-tigation and investigation meant knowing source. He would put the ancient people under the background of their own times and dynasty, that is "comment of things"( lunshi). He also applied his "zhiren lunshi" view point into choosing articles. He only preserved those articles conforming to his view point.

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宋代鄱阳出现了众多文学家,根据有关资料,63位鄱阳文学家的生平和身份、姓字与关系、官职及作品的均具有一定特点,文章运用孟子"知人论世"方法,尝试分析他们的这些特征,这都有利于我们进一步深入地研究他们。
In Song Dynasty ,there appeared a large number of writers from Poyang .The author ,according to the relevant data ,find the certain characteristics among 63 Poyang writers between their literary life and identity ,name and relationship ,and office and works .Using Mencius”zhirenlunshi”method ,the anthor attempts to analyze the features ,which will help us further study them .

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现有的语文备课中存在较多问题，其关键问题在于缺乏对文本进行细读的过程，转而依赖其他途径，诸如网络、教参等。进行文本细读是上好语文课的关键，其中包括以下三种途径：字斟句酌，熟读成诵；联系背景，知人论世；抓住文眼，有的放矢。
There are many problems in the existing Chinese lessons. The key problem is the lack of careful reading on the text, so we usually rely on other ways, such as the Internet, teaching reference books, etc. It is the key step to read the text carefully, which includes the following three ways:thinking about every word and reciting the lesson; contacting the background and discussing the work;seizing the article eye and having a def-inite object.

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从"点将录"的形制特征和内在精神,"点将录"的形式独立性、内涵包容性、体系开放性以及"点将录"的受容与评价等层面来看,它确是一种富于民族特色的文学批评形式."点将录"不仅兼具了传统诗话、评点的随意性和论文、著作的严整性,而且最大限度地汲取了中国古代文学批评知人论世的内在精神和灵活多样的外在形式的精髓奥义.作为出现较晚而兼具众长的一种文学批评形式,"点将录"的民族特色和现代意义都值得关注.
Dianjianglu 点将录 (the record of the ranked poets) should be considered a method of literary criticism with distinct characteristics in terms of its form and content. Dianjianglu has an independent form, an inclusive content and openness. It has both the casualness of traditional poetic verse and the commentary and preciseness of modern essays and books. In addition,dianjianglu expresses the essence of traditional Chinese literary criticism and also maintained a flexible form. Thus, the national characteristics and the modern significance of dianjianglu should be given more attention.

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当代诗坛人才辈出,作品多,时间跨度较长,地域分布十分广泛。冯永军《当代诗坛点将录》综论当代诗坛形势,依照传统演义的方式,排分诗坛座次,议论高下,以诗论诗,相对公允,知人论世,间见会心,基本上可以认同。但其点将和排位,仅以大陆甚至上海诗坛为中心,未能放眼世界,过于狭隘;且采用褒贬互见的态度对号入座,除招揽名流入座之外,甚至连表现欠佳带有恶评的诗人也可以占一席位,结果留下了称号不太好的26个空位,难以安排适当的诗人入座,悬而未决,颇有遗憾。
In contemporary poetry, poets of falent have come forth in large numbers, with a profusion of works, over a long time span and from different areas in the country. Records of the Contemporary Poets by Feng Yong-jun comprehensively analyzes the current situations of poetry circle, and fairly classifies and ranks poets based on traditional practice, which can be basically approved. But in terms of its assignment and ranking, it is limited to Chinese mainland centered on Shanghai, failing to look in a global context. It is rather narrow-mind-ed as it takes an attitude of ranking the poets based on a cross reference of both the appraisal and criticism. Be-sides, his records include some poets who are harshly commented, but exclude about 26 poets who should not have been kept vacant.

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柳宗元《江雪》的主旨历来看法不一。本文试图在学术大家对《江雪》主旨解构的基础上，从知人论世、对话文本、坐标参照、用典寓意和典传后世五个角度探讨《江雪》一诗的达旨。从身世、性格与宦海沉浮知其痴心所待；从言内表层结构晓其言外深层“垂钓”本意；从被贬时之作《渔翁》推其贬后所作《江雪》旨归；从古代用典寓意的传统表现手法，寻求解读“独钓”渊源；从典故的传承，明后代诗人对“垂钓”寓意的认同。最后得出结论：柳宗元《江雪》意在借江雪抒怀达旨，叹怀才之不遇，期帝王之垂爱。
Critics are different from each other for a long time about the general intentions of LIU Zong -yuan’ s ( a leading scholar , poet and statesman in Tang Dynasty ) poem“Snow on River” .On the basis of the deconstruc-tion of the general intentions of this poem by leading scholars , the author of the present thesis tries to study how this poem makes its points from such aspects as worldly knowledge , dialogue text , objects for reference , allusions and allusion transmission.The poet ’ s family backgrounds , his personalities and his social positions give us hints a-bout his expectations; from the surface structure of this poem , we can infer the deep implications of “Fishing”;from his poem“fisher” composed when he was demoted , we can understand the theme of his later poem “Snow on River”; from the traditional allusive implications from ancient times , we can interpret the origins of “fishing a-lone”; from the allusive transmission , we recognize later poets ’ reco

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诗歌通常被认为是高度表达作者个性与内心世界的一种艺术形式,尤其在中国古代的文学评论传统中,"知人论世"成为基本的评判准则。与之类似的,"赋诗以观志",即通过诗反观或推测作者的情感、品格与境遇,也反映了远离当时创作环境之人试图接近诗歌"初始"面貌的努力。然而,诗与人之间联系的相关度与可靠性并未得到深入的考量。在以《古诗十九首》为代表的一系列先唐古诗(包括乐府)中,一方面,为数众多的异文将使后世"一字千金"的评价显得暧昧可疑;另一方面,频繁且几乎以固定模式出现的某些套语迫使读者不得不重新思考从文本回溯到创作者或时代背景的努力能否达到。因此,"诗可以观"的古老理论面临着双重考验。
Poems are always thought by readers that they can fully express the writer’s characteristics and in-ner world.Especially in the history of Chinese classical literary criticism,“Understanding human beings and re-flecting on society”is an important category.Also,“Finding poet’s mind through the poems”became a way by which those who live in the era far away from writers tried to approach the original circumstances.However,the connections between the writers and the texts have never been considered carefully.The Nineteen Ancient Poems and other pre-Tang Dynasty poems have so many variants and formulae that researchers are forced to reconsider the ancient theory of poems---“poetry can be watched”.

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纵观陈寅恪先生治学的各个阶段不难发现，其对文学领域问题的关注可谓是一以贯之。文章主要从文学方法论、文学审美观、文学文体观及文学比较观这四个维度来考察陈先生的文学研究。知人论世、今典与古典的考证是其在文学研究上运用最多的方法；在文学的审美上，陈先生主要从文学的思想、结构、语言等三个方面进行阐释；运用历史的眼光去考察各种文学文体的变迁是其文体观的最重要特色；在中西文学比较领域，陈先生强调二者对比的范围及适合领域，在这个过程中尤重中国文学的独特性。这四个方面基本上形成了陈寅恪文学研究的基本范式。
Throughout the whole research of Mr .Chen yinque ,the most focus is on the literature .This article mainly focuses on his literature methodology ,literary aesthetics ,literary style and comparative literature .T he so called ZhiRenLunShi ,Antaeus and classical textual research were most used by him .On the aesthetics of lit‐erature ,Chen mainly made his interpretation in ideology ,structure ,language and so on .The most important feature is that he examined the changes in literary style of various kinds from a historical perspective .As in the field of Chinese and Western comparative literature ,Chen stressed on the scope of the comparisons and appreci‐ated the uniqueness of Chinese literature .These four aspects are his paradigm of literature study .

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