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双语推荐：短路阻抗

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短路阻抗是变压器的一个重要特性参数,决定了变压器在系统短路时短路电流的大小及变压器内部电动力的大小。变压器绕组变形会改变其短路阻抗,直接或间接导致变压器运行事故。介绍了低电压短路阻抗法的基本原理和实现方法。通过试验,对锦屏一级水电站一台500 kV变压器冲击记录超标后是否发生绕组变形进行了分析和诊断,为其他工程提供参考。
Power transformers are important and expensive units in hydropower station. Short-circuit impedance is an important characteristic parameter of transformer, which decides short circuit current of a transformer in system short circuit is large or small and electro dynamic force of transformer inside is large or small. The winding deformation can change short-circuit reactance and cause directly or indirectly transformer failures. The basic principles to test transformer winding deformation with methods of short circuit impedance is introduced in this paper. The test results of transformer winding deformation are analyzed.

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对低阻抗大电流干式脉冲短路变压器的设计和结构特点进行了分析,并给出了阻抗试验数据对比。
The design and structure characteristics of low impedance high current dry- type pulse short-circuit transformer are analyzed. The comparison of impedance data is presented.

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介绍了辐向分裂有载调压变压器短路阻抗计算方法,并给出了实例。
The calculation method of the short circuit impedance of the radial split on- load-tap-changing transformer is introduced. The example is presented.

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用电磁场仿真软件对牵引整流变压器的漏磁场和短路阻抗进行了分析。
The leakage magnetic field and the short-circuit impedance of traction rectifier transformer are analyzed with EMF software.

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传统的适用于电网运行方式调整的短路电流计算方法耗时太长,无法满足电网快速分析决策的需求。在此背景下,提出了适用于电网拓扑调整的短路电流快速计算方法。该算法基于节点阻抗矩阵,采用补偿法分析发电机停运、线路开断和线路出串运行导致的阻抗矩阵变化,并在此基础上给出了适用于电网拓扑调整的短路电流快速计算流程。针对不同节点规模的实际系统的仿真算例表明,所提出的方法计算速度快,计算结果准确可靠,能够满足大电网方式调整优化对短路电流计算的要求。该方法可以为电网短路电流限制策略分析提供技术支撑。
The traditional method of the short-circuit current calculation, which is used for the operation mode arrangement, costs too much time. It cannot meet the demand of fast analysis and decision-making. Therefore, a fast algorithm of short-circuit current calculation that is applicable to the grid topology adjustment is put forward. Based on the node impedance matrix and compensation method, it can analyze the changes of impedance matrix caused by the generator outage, line outage and line out series, and based on which the calculation procedure is given. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by tests on several real power systems. The simulation results show that the proposed method is fast and accurate, and it can meet the demand of the operation mode arrangement of large-scale power systems. Furthermore, this method is able to provide the technical support for the measure analysis of the short-circuit current limitation.

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气相色谱法、频响法及短路阻抗法是测试变压器绕组是否变形的重要手段,但单一的试验方法和试验数据对判断绕组变形存在一定的局限性。结合现场实际,提出应用色谱法进行检测后,再结合频响法和短路阻抗法进行分析的综合方法。应用结果表明：变压器绕组变形的综合分析方法能够有效、准确判断绕组的状态。
The method of gas chromatogram,frequency response and short-circuit impedance are important means to test whether transformer winding deforms. But using single test method and data to judge winding deformation exists limitation. The paper combines with field practice,puts forward the comprehensive method that after uses gas chromatography to detect then combining frequency response and short-circuit impedance methods to analyze. The application result shows that the comprehensive analysis method of transformer winding deformation can effectively and accurately determine the status of the winding.

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结合微电网与配电网的隔离策略,提出了一种基于正序故障分量原理的新型微电网外部短路故障保护方案。该原理分别提取微电网与配电网之间的联络线两端的正序故障分量进行阻抗计算,然后利用阻抗角构成的新判据确定是否发生微电网外部故障。该原理无需考虑负荷电流和故障电阻的影响,克服了微电网故障时短路故障电流小以及潮流双向流动的问题。同时采用正序故障分量电流幅值差动保护作为阻抗角保护判据的启动判据,构成了一套完整有效的微电网外部短路故障保护方案。用PSCAD/EMTDC建立一个连接配电网的微电网仿真模型,进行各种短路故障仿真,仿真结果验证了所述保护方案的正确性和有效性。
Considering the isolation strategy of microgrid and utility power, the paper proposes a new protection scheme for external short-circuit fault of microgrid based on positive-sequence fault component principle. The principle extracts the positive-sequence fault components of two terminals of tieline between microgrid and utility power and calculates their impedances, then uses the impedance angle as new fault criterion to identify the external fault of microgrid. Without considering the load current and fault resistance, the principle overcomes the bidirectional characteristic and finiteness of short-circuit current. Meanwhile, the current magnitude of positive-sequence fault components is used as trigger criterion, thus the comprehensive protection scheme is presented. A microgrid model connected to utility power is built by PSCAD/EMTDC, and all kinds of fault type are simulated, the simulation result shows that the protection scheme is correct and effective.

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为有效提高对变压器绕组变形检测的准确性,以扫频阻抗法为理论基础,建立一套扫频阻抗法测试系统,并运用该系统对一台三相变压器进行测试分析。结果表明:扫频阻抗法结合了频率响应分析法和短路阻抗法的优点,对变压器绕组变形故障具有极高的灵敏度,能够有效减少对绕组变形的误判。
To increase the accuracy of detecting the transformer winding deformation, we developed a new transformer winding deformation detection system based on sweep frequency impedance method (SFI), and a three-phase transformer was tested by the system. The results show that the SFI can com-bine the advantages of frequency response analysis method (FRA) and short circuit impedance method (SCI). The method has extremely high sensitivity to detect transformer winding deformation fault, and can reduce the misjudgment on the transformer winding deformation.

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在电力系统中,输电线路参数对系统潮流计算、短路计算、以及继电保护的正确动作等具有重要的意义。而原有工程计算方法往往都存在一定的误差,导致计算的不准确。在此基础上,考虑金属护套对正序阻抗的影响,以及短路电流回流方式对零序阻抗的影响,结合比率法详细推导了单、双回电缆线路序阻抗参数的精确计算公式。最后通过与某电业局所提供的46条电缆线路的实测值及厂家提供的参考值作比较,验证了精确计算公式的准确性。
In the power system,the parameters of transmission line is very important to the flow calculation,fault calculation and the correct action of relays. But the original calculation methods often have some errors that leading to the inaccurately calculations. Based on this,this paper takes the impacts of metal sheath on the positive se-quence impedance and the impacts of different fault current''s return path on the zero sequence impedance into con-sideration,combines with the ratio method,derivates the accurately formulation of sequence impedance parameters both of single and double cable loop lines. Lastly by comparing with the measured values and reference values of 46 cable lines to verify the accuracy.

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基于先电源节点分区后负荷节点映射分区的思想,提出了一种基于电源分区与短路阻抗距离的电压无功分区方法.首先以无功/电压灵敏度来定义电气距离,采用凝聚的层次聚类算法直接对电源节点进行分区.然后定义了多无功源节点对单个负荷节点的短路阻抗距离,并以短路阻抗距离最短原则来实现负荷节点的映射分区.该方法不仅能保证电气距离近的无功源被分在同一个区域,而且还能保证负荷节点与对其控制能力强的多个无功电源节点被分在同一个区域.另外,该方法还具有分区结果与潮流状态无关的优点.IEEE39节点系统和重庆实际电网的仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.
@@@@A novel partitioning method is proposed based on power sources clustering and short-circuit impedance distance, which is characterized by Mvar source nodes partitioning and load nodes mapping. The electrical distance between two Mvar source nodes is defined based on the sensitivity of voltage to reactive power injection, and the agglomerate hierarchical clustering algorithm is applied to partition the Mvar source nodes. Then the short-circuit impedance distance between multiple Mvar source nodes and a single load node is defined, and the mapping between load nodes and Mvar sources partitions is realized by minimizing the short-circuit impedance distances. With the presented method, not only the Mvar source nodes within a short electrical distance from each other, but also the load nodes and the multiple Mvar source nodes having a strong control relation can be clustered into the same partition. The other advantage with the method is that the partition is independent of the power fl

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