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双语推荐：育种应用

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综述了当前龙眼育种所取得的成果和存在的不足,内容主要包括:龙眼种质资源调查的现状,引种进展,选择育种进展,有性杂交育种进展,倍性与诱变育种进展,生物技术在育种中的应用进展,其中生物技术在龙眼育种中的应用包括离体培养和分子标记应用的现状.最后,针对目前龙眼育种中存在的问题进行分析,并进一步探讨了今后龙眼育种的发展方向及前景.
The present results and shortcomings about breeding of longan are comprehensively described,mainly including the status of longan germplasm resources investigation,the progress of introduction,selection,sexual hybridization,ploidy breeding and mutagenic breeding,biotechnology breeding.Among them,application of biotechnology in longan breeding included in vitro culture and molecular markers.Finally,the existing problems were analyzed,and the future development direction and the prospect were discussed in longan breeding.

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分子标记的应用为杂交粳稻育种提供了新的技术手段，分子标记技术与传统育种技术相结合，可大大提高育种效率。本文综述了分子标记在杂交粳稻种质资源遗传多样性分析及核心种质构建、分子标记辅助选择育种、杂种优势预测以及DNA指纹图谱构建等方面的研究和应用现状，探讨了分子标记在杂交粳稻育种上应用存在的主要问题，并对其应用前景进行了展望。
Application of molecular marker provided new technology for japonica hybrid rice breeding. It can greatly improved breed-ing efficiency that combined with molecular marker and traditional breeding technology. This paper summarized the research and ap-plication status of molecular marker in japonica hybrid rice breeding, including analysis of genetic diversity, construction of core germplasm, molecular marker-assisted selection in breeding, heterosis prediction and establishment of DNA fingerprintmap. The main problems for application of molecular markers in japonica hybrid rice breeding were discussed, and the application prospect was also developed.

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为提高决选玉米自交系的效率,加快玉米单倍体诱导育种的研究进程,对玉米单倍体诱导育种的发展历程、研究进展及应用现状进行综述,展望了单倍体诱导系在玉米育种中的应用前景。
In order to improve the efficiency of final selection for inbred lines greatly ,and to accelerate the re-search progress ,the development of maize haploid induction breeding as well as the screening ,identification and double technology were summarized ,the prospects and development direction in maize breeding were analyzed .

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介绍了AFLP技术以及在家蚕遗传育种中的应用情况,分析了AFLP技术在家蚕遗传育种上的应用前景。
The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) was described in this paper .The application of AFLP in silkworm genetics and breeding was summarized as well ,and its future application was analyzed .

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为探索高效玉米育种技术,加速育种进程,介绍了单倍体的产生途径,阐述了玉米单倍体的加倍方法,初步分析了玉米单倍体育种技术在育种实践中存在的问题及应用前景。
In order to explore efficient breeding technology of maize and accelerate the breeding process ,the gen-eration of haploid was introduced ,maize haploid doubling method and existent problems were analyzed ,and prospects of maize haploid breeding technique in breeding production were expounded .

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诱变育种是新发展的一项现代育种技术，也是常规选择育种和杂交育种的重要补充。诱变育种技术在谷子中应用较少，本文对谷子上应用的甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）、硫酸二乙酯（DES）等化学诱变以及离子束注入、射线处理、空间诱变等物理诱变技术的诱变机理、生物效应进行了详细介绍。分析了目前谷子诱变技术的研究应用现状及存在问题，并且对今后谷子诱变育种技术重点研究发展方向与领域进行了展望。
Being oen of modern breeding techniques, mutagensis breeding is an important supplement of select breeding and cross-breeding. Mutation breeding technology is rarely applied in millet. In this paper, we introduced the mutagenic mechanism and biological effects of chemical mutagenesis such as the ethylmethane sulfonate ( EMS ) , diethyl sulfate ( DES ) , etc, and physical mutagenesis likes ion beam implantation, radiation treatment, space induction techniques and so on used in millet. Then we analyzed the current status and problems of mutagenesis techniques in millet research and application, and propose the development direction and key research areas of millet mutagensis breeding in the future.

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桉树是全球重要的造林树种,也是林木遗传研究的模式树种,分子标记技术在桉树遗传育种中的研究和应用具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。文中概述了几种主要的分子标记技术及其在桉树遗传育种中的应用,并提出分子标记技术在桉树遗传育种中的应用前景和研究展望。
Eucalyptus is an important tree species on the global scale,and also it is the model tree in forest genetic research.Therefore,the research and application of molecular marking technology in heredity breeding of Eucalyptus have important theoretical significance and practical value.This paper described several major molecular marker technologies and their application to heredity breeding of Eucalyptus,and prospected the future application and study of these technologies.

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综述目前应用于水稻的主要转基因技术及其优缺点,总结育种过程中可能面临的问题及相应的育种策略,以期为转基因技术在水稻育种中的应用提供依据和指导。
10.3969/j.issn.2095-3704.2013.02.023

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本文对河北省油用亚麻育种历程进行了回顾,从育成品种应用推广、核心种质资源引进和利用、抗病和丰产育种目标提升、育种方法研究以及项目完成、成果奖励、人才培养等九个方面总结了育种成就;从杂交亲本遗传基础、育种测试手段、品种选育方法、育成品种适应性等四个方面指出存在不足;并从育种目标的准确定位、种质资源挖掘和引进、提高育种测试手段和培育具有广泛适应性抗病高产优质品种四个方面提出来今后育种工作方向。
This paper reviewed the breeding history and experiments of oil flax in Hebei province , 9 breeding achievements were summarized , including application and promotion of varieties , introduction and utilization of germplasm resources , improvement of disease resistance and high -yield breeding tar-gets, research on breeding theory and methods , as well as projects completed , awards and talents culti-vation.And 4 shortages were pointed out , including the hybrid parent genetic basis , breeding test meth-ods, variety breeding methods, variety adaptability, and so on.Directions for the future were brought up based on the following factors , including determination of breeding target , excavation and introduction of germplasm resource , improvement of detection means and development of adaptable varieties with disease-resistant, high-yield and good quality .

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油棕年产油量4～6 t/hm2，有“世界油王”之称，是我国“十二五”规划重点支持的热带木本油料作物。我国每年需要进口大量的棕榈油，但国内的油棕种植业尤其是良种选育还处于起步阶段。关联分析作为一种快速挖掘遗传标记与作物经济性状间的关联的研究策略，在油棕分子辅助育种中有重要的应用前景。综述了油棕育种的特点、目标及现状，阐述了关联分析在多种作物育种相关研究中的应用实例，并对其在油棕分子辅助育种中的应用前景进行了展望，以期为油棕选育种提供研究思路。
Oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) , which produces 4~6 t/hm2 palm oil annually, is the king of oil crops in the world and also the emphatically-supported tropical woody oil crop in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of China.China imports massive palm oil every year recently, but the development of oil palm planting industry ( especially the selection and breeding of its fine vari-eties) in China is still at an initial stage.As an effective research strategy for the quick scanning of the connection between genetic markers and economic traits of crops, association analysis has important application prospects in the molecular-assisted selection and breeding of oil palm.This paper summarized the characteristics, targets and current situation of oil palm breeding, expounded some cases of association analysis application in the breeding of several crops, and gave a view on the future application of associa-tion analysis in molecular-assisted selection and breeding of oil palm.

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