氨基酸型营养素不仅参与合成机体蛋白质,还调节患者免疫功能和代谢.氨基酸型营养素包括:谷氨酰胺,能改善肠屏障功能,减轻炎性反应,促进免疫功能恢复,但不同疾病的临床应用仍无一致结论;精氨酸,两种代谢方式相互竞争,对不同疾病具体影响仍需进一步研究;亮氨酸,主要促进肌肉蛋白质合成,对代谢的影响尚存争议;蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸,能促进伤口愈合,对脂质代谢的益处正受重视.本综述回顾上述氨基酸型营养素对机体作用的有益生理机制及其临床应用,并简单介绍不同营养素间及营养素同机体的相互影响.

Common amino acid nutrients mainly contain glutamine,arginine,leucine,methionine and cysteine,which are not only the components participating in body protein synthesis,but also regulate the patients'' immune system and metabolism.Glutamine can improve the intestinal barrier,reduce inflammatory reaction,and promote immunity recovery,but the clinical effects of different patients with different diseases are still lack of clear conclusions.The catabolism of arginine can produce NO,promoting the inflammatory reaction,and can also generate omithine,alleviating inflammatory reaction and promoting wound healing.Two competing ways coexist,but the specific effects on different diseases have no clear conclusions yet.Leucine promotes muscle protein synthesis mainly through mTOR pathway,however,the influence on metabolism is still debating.Sulfurcontaining amino acids methionine and cysteine can promote the synthesis of connective tissue and collagen conducive to wound healing,and their beneficial

目的了解和掌握海军航空兵直升机飞行员目前膳食营养配备情况,为制定新的膳食营养标准提供科学依据。方法对3个海军航空兵部队98名歼击机飞行员和178名武装直升机飞行员进行了膳食营养调查,分析和评价飞行员摄入产能营养素及非产能营养素的情况。结果歼击机飞行员平均每人每日摄入热能:飞行日为4 091.57 kcal,不飞行日为3 750.54 kcal,经统计处理,飞行日摄入热能明显高于非飞行日(t=5.76,P0.01);直升机飞行员平均每人每日摄入热能:飞行日为3 857.53 kcal,不飞行日为3 710.92 kcal,经统计处理,飞行日摄入热能明显高于不飞行日(t=2.38,P0.05);三大营养素配分比例蛋白质含量较好,脂肪含量较高,碳水化合物偏低。非产能营养素飞行日明显高于非飞行日,其比例都达到或超过标准,特别是维生素A(t=6.72,P0.01)及微量元素钙(t=5.52,P0.01)。结论通过调查发现,海军飞行员摄入产能营养素飞行日明显高于非飞行日,三大营养素配分比例失调,虽蛋白质含量较好,但脂肪偏高,碳水化合物偏低。建议上级有关部门制定新的标准。

Objective To understand and grasp the present dietary nutrition status of naval aviation helicopter pilots so as to provide scien-tific basis for newdietary nutrition standard formulation .Methods 98 fighter pilots and 178 attack helicopter pilots from3naval aviation u-nits were given dietary nutrition investigation ,and their intake of calorigenic nutrients and non-calorigenic nutrients was analyzed and evaluat-ed .Results The average daily energy intake of fighter pilots was 4091 .57 kcal on flying days and 3750 .54kcal on non-flying days which statistically suggested that the energy intake on flying days was clearly higher than on non-flying days(t=5 .76 ,P<0 .01 ).The average daily energy intake of attack helicopter pilots was 3857 .53kcal on flying days and 3710 .92 kcal on non-flying days which statistically suggested that the energy intake on flying days was clearly higher than on non-flying days(t=2 .38 ,P<0 .05 ).The partition proportion of three key nu-trients showed good pro

目的：构建明胶—壳聚糖复合神经营养素3神经支架材料，并检测其生物相容性。方法混合明胶、壳聚糖溶液后加入微量神经营养素3，将混浊液注模成型后冷淋干燥制备明胶—壳聚糖复合神经营养素3神经支架材料，利用扫描电子显微镜观察支架材料形态，液体代替法测算孔隙率。提取明胶—壳聚糖复合神经营养素3神经支架材料浸提液，观察其对神经干细胞活性的影响及对全反式维甲酸预诱导的神经干细胞分化的影响，并采用膜片钳技术检测诱导分化前后细胞的电生理特性。结果明胶—壳聚糖复合神经营养素3神经支架材料内径为（267．0±13．8）μm，孔隙率为90．0％。神经干细胞在支架材料上生长良好，在全反式维甲酸诱导下形态向神经元样细胞改变，并初步表现出神经元间突触连接的结构，且诱导分化的神经元样细胞初步具备神经元细胞的电生理特性。结论成功构建了明胶—壳聚糖复合神经营养素3神经支架材料，其与神经干细胞之间的生物相容性良好。

Objective To fabricate the gelatin-chitosan composite neurotrophins-3 nerve scaffolds and to determine its biocompatibility .Methods We mixed the gelatin and chitosan solutions , then added a trace of neurotrophin-3.After mak-ing the injection mold , we fabricated the nerve guidance scaffolds by the freeze-drying technique .Then the characteristics of the scaffold were observed by scanning electron microscope morphology , and the scaffold diameter , porosity, etc were de-tected.We extracted the gelatin chitosan composite neurotrophin-3 nerve scaffold material extracts , and then we observed the effects on the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells;the electrophysiological properties of the differentiated cells were observed by the patch-clamp technique .Results The inside diameter of gelatin-chitosan composite neurotrophins-3 nerve scaffold was (267.0 ±13.8) μm and porosity was 90.0%.Scanning electron microscopy showed that neural stem cells grew well on the scaffo

目的：研究基于网络调查的食物频率问卷的信度和效度。方法在哈尔滨医科大学随机抽取84名学生就最近4个月内膳食习惯进行两次食物频率的问卷调查。比较学生食物摄入的营养素的相关性，检验问卷的信度；并在第一次网络食物频率问卷调查之后连续记录3天的膳食日志，用三日膳食日志的平均结果与第一次网络食物频率问卷的相关性分析结果评价问卷的内容效度。结果①效度研究中，除了胆固醇、维生素A和铜元素，网络食物频率问卷与三日膳食日志的能量和21种营养素摄入量均为显著相关，r为0.229～0.996，r平均值0.594。②信度研究中，两次网络食物频率问卷的能量和24种营养素均为显著相关，r为0.541～0.917，r平均值为0.722。③一致率分析中，营养素的效度研究一致率为88％，营养素的信度一致率为100％。结论基于网络食物频率问卷具有良好的信度和效度，是研究人群营养与慢性病关系的理想工具。

Objective To study the reliability and validity of the internet-based food frequency questionnaire.Methods Two times of food frequency questionnaire were performed on a ran-dom sample of 84 students of Harbin Medical University in order to understand dietary habits of each subjects during the past 4 months.Then the correlation of students’ dietary nutrients in-take was compared, the reliability of the questionnaire was examined.Moreover, dietary log was performed for 3 days after the first time of electronic food frequency questionnaire, and the correlation of the average of dietary log and food frequency questionnaire was used to examine the content validity of the questionnaire.Results ①In the study of validity, except of choles-terol, vitamin A and copper elements, intakes of energy and 21 nutrients were positively associ-ated between food frequency questionnaire and dietary log ( r: 0.229 ~0.996, average:0.594.) .②In the study of reliability, intakes of energy and 24 n

目的比较喀什地区维吾尔族正常和异常体液类型居民食物及营养素摄入量的异同,为分析体液类型与膳食营养的关系积累资料。方法根据《维吾尔医诊断学》标准,诊断研究对象的体液类型,以喀什地区318例正常体液类型居民为正常体液组,以315例异常体液类型居民为异常体液组,采用3日24小时回顾法进行膳食调查,计算和比较两组居民的食物、营养素摄入量。结果维吾尔族正常体液组男性居民维生素A、硫胺素、铁的摄入量高于异常体液组男性,正常体液组女性居民脂肪、铁的摄入量高于异常体液组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),正常体液组其他各营养素的摄入量略高于异常体液组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。正常和异常体液组男性居民脂肪、铁、女性居民铁的达标率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),同体液类型男性其他营养素达标率高于女性(P0.05),正常体液组同性别略高于异常体液组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。正常体液组男性居民水果和豆类及豆制品的摄入量高于异常体液组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),正常体液组其他各食物的摄入量略高于异常体液组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。正常体液组同性别各食物摄入量的达标率略高于异常体液组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。生热营养素的供能比接近推荐供能比,脂肪来源植物性食物占80%,动物性食物占20%,达到了中国营养学会推荐水平。结论维吾尔族正常体液类型和异常体液类型居民多数食物和营养素摄入不足,正常体液类型居民各类食物及营养素摄入量、达标率高于异常体液类型,提示膳食营养与体液类型的形成有一定关联。

Objective To compare intake of food and nutrition in normal and abnormal Helit Syndrome peo-ple and analyze the relationship between Helit Syndrome and dietary nutrition .Methods :The Helit Syn-drome was diagnosed according to Uighur medical diagnostic standard ,using 24 hours 3 review methods , conducting the dietary survey of 318 cases of normal Helit Syndrome people and 315 cases of abnormal He-lit Syndrome people ,comparing the intake of food and nutrition in normal and abnormal Helit Syndrome people .Results The intake of vitamin A ,thiamine ,and iron in normal Helit Syndrome of male was higher than that of the abnormal Helit Syndrome .The intake of fat ,iron in normal type of female was higher than that of the abnormal Helit Syndrome .The intake of other nutrients in normal Helit Syndrome was slightly higher than that of the abnormal group .There was no significant difference (P >0 0.5) .The compliance rate of fat and iron among the normal and abnormal population ,including men a