通过对伊拉克HFY油田Mishrif储层特点及钻采工程的研究,确定了采用分支井双分支裸眼悬空侧钻并裸眼下筛管的钻完井方式;通过对分支连接井段的井壁稳定、主、分支井眼轨道及施工进行优化设计及作业,形成了HFY油田分支井裸眼悬空侧钻关键技术,降低了主、分支井眼钻井的难度与风险,成功完成4口分支水平井的钻井。第1口分支井生产测试获得了日产原油1 638 m3,与单支水平井初产相比增长了2倍。分支水平井在HFY油田的应用表明,根据油田条件确定合适的分支井钻完井方式是油田优化钻井、优化开发方式、提高综合开发效益的重要途径,Mishrif储层分支井钻井的成功为中东地区大型碳酸盐储层分支井钻井积累了经验,也为油田低成本开发开拓了思路。

Through research into the characteristics of Mishrif Reservoir in Iraqi HFY Oilifeld and the drilling and production engineering, we determined that the wells be drilled and completed by suspended sidetracking in openhole in dual branch wells and by running screen tubes in openhole;by stabilizing the sidewall of the branch connecting hole sections and optimizing the design and drill-ing of the main hole and branch hole trajectories, we have developed the key technology for suspended sidetracking of branch openhole in HFY Oilifeld, reduced the dififculty and risk in the drilling of the main wellbore and branches, and have succeeded in drilling of four branch horizontal wells. Oil production test in the ifrst branch well lfowed at a rate of 1 638 m3 of oil per day, two times up compared with the initial production of single horizontal well. The application of branch horizontal wells in HFY Oilifeld shows that the proper drill-ing and completing manner for branch wells determined in line

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力学分析软件，采用非线性动力有限元法，对坠物撞击海底管道的过程进行数值仿真。通过大量的数值模拟得出：相同坠落物能量的情况下，悬空管道的凹陷损伤深度与裸露管道的相比偏小，且随着坠落物能量的增加，其差值增大；随着坠落物速度、坠落物质量的增大，管道撞击部位凹陷变形加剧，海底管道悬空段的最大振动幅值增大；相同坠落物能量的情况下，坠落物与悬空管道的接触面积越小，悬空管道的损伤深度越大；海床土体参数（剪切弹性模量、内摩擦角、密度）的变化对悬空管道的凹陷损伤深度及悬空段的最大振动幅值的影响较小。

Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA-the dynamics analysis software, and using the nonlinear dynamic finite element method, the process of a submarine pipeline impacted by dropped objects is simulated. Through a lot of numerical simulations, the conclusion is drawn: the damage depth of suspended pipe is smaller than that of the bare pipe in the case of the same fall energy, and with the fall energy increases, the difference grows; with the increase of the falling object''s speed and mass, the deformation of pipeline intensifies at the impact site, and the maximum vibration amplitude of submarine pipeline increases;when the fall energy is equal, the smaller the contact area of falling objects with pipeline is, the greater the damage depth of pipeline is; the change of seabed soil parameters ( shear elastic modulus, internal friction angle, density) has less influence on the suspended pipeline''s dent depths and maximum vibration amplitude.

埋地管道由于受到各种潜在地质灾害的威胁,可能导致管道下方土层塌陷或流失,使管道处于悬空状态,引起管道失效,给管道运行带来安全隐患,并伴随带来严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。本研究基于Winkler线性理论,建立管-土相互作用力学模型,应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件得到悬空管道上的应力分布,分析得出管道达到屈服阶段时管道的悬空长度。计算结果表明：该材质管道在悬空长度达到160 m时,接近于屈服阶段。

The buried pipelines are threatened from various potential geological disasters, which may lead to earth collapse and soil loss under pipeline, thus to make the pipeline at suspended state, result in pipeline failure, bring the hidden safety problem into pipeline operation and causing severe economic losses and personnel casualty. In this article, based on Winkler linear theory, establishing mechanical model of pipe-soil interaction, using ABAQUS FEA software to achieve the stress distribution on suspended pipeline, obtained the pipeline suspended length in case of reaching yield stage. The calculation results indicated that this kind of pipeline is close to yield stage when the suspended pipeline length up to 160 m.

以西一线甘肃段某天然气管线为工程背景，由于土壤长期对管道腐蚀性影响及不良地质作用，含有腐蚀缺陷管道意外产生悬空。利用ASME B31G，DNV RP－F101标准和PCORRC方法对在役含腐蚀坑缺陷悬空管道中允许的腐蚀坑缺陷尺寸进行了确定。基于应变失效准则，建立管道在不同地区的失效判别标准，借助Abaqus有限元分析软件，研究含腐蚀坑缺陷悬空管道的失效位置及腐蚀坑缺陷的长度和深度对管道应力、应变、位移和对管道的安全、极限悬空长度的影响，结果表明，腐蚀缺陷深度系数对管道影响较大，当深度系数k1≥0．4后，管道的安全和极限悬空长度急剧减小，管道极易发生失效。

Taking a segment of Gansu part of West-East Gas Pipeline as the engineering background. Due to the long term impact of soil on the causticity of pipeline and the effects of unfavorable geology,the pipeline with corrosion defects have suspended unexpectedly.Using standard ASME B3 1 G,DNV RP -F101 and PCORRC method on dangling pipeline with corrosion pit containing defects in service to deter-mine allowable corrosion pit defect size.Different parts of the failure criteria is set up by criterion based on the strain failure.With Abaqus,containing corrosion pit defect of suspended pipeline tress,strain,dis-placement,safety and limit suspended length of pipeline on the influence of the depth,length corrosion flaws and failure position is discussed.Results show that the corrosion depth coefficient have a great influ-ence on pipeline.After the depth coefficient k1≥0.4,the safety and limit suspended length of pipeline decreases sharply,pipe prone to failure.

为探讨木槿的有效繁殖技术，促进其生产和推广应用，以木槿为材料，采用悬空水培法和沙培法进行扦插繁殖研究。结果表明：悬空水培法插条4 d后有愈伤组织发生，7 d后有不定根发生；生根率为100％，生根系数为38．6，根长为22mm，叶片绿色，生长良好。与悬空水培的相比，沙培插条形成愈伤组织和生根时间分别延迟4和8d，生根率、生根系数和根长明显降低，叶片发黄。

In order to explore effective propagation technique of Hibiscus syriacus and promote its production and popularization ,the cutting propagation of Hibiscus syriacus Linn .was studied using the method of water culture hanging cutting and sand culture .The results indicated that the callus and adventitious roots of hanging cuttings were occurred after 4 and 7 days ,respectively .After 30 days ,the rooting rate ,root coefficient and root length of cuttings were 100% ,38 .6 and 22 mm ,and their leaves were keeping green and grew well .Comparing with the method of water culture hanging cutting ,the callus and adventitious root occurring time of cuttings was delayed 4 and 8 d ,the rooting rate ,root coefficient and root length obviously decreased ,and their leaves be‐came yellow and fade .It was found that the method of water culture hanging cutting was better than traditional water culture and sand culture which was a good method for cutting propagation .