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双语推荐：超声辐射

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采用原油配制了原油质量分数为5%的油水混合液,通过实验探究了超声辐射功率、辐射时间、间歇比、脉冲重复周期等因素对超声乳化效果的影响.实验结果表明,制备低含油原油乳化液的最佳超声参数为:超声辐射功率400W、辐射时间5min;间歇比和脉冲重复周期对原油乳化效果影响较小.
The influences of ultrasonic radiation power ,irradiation time ,the ratio of intermittent , pulse repetition period and other factors on the ultrasonic emulsifying were studied by preparing 5%crude oil water emulsion .The experimental results showed that the optimum ultrasonic parameters for were as follows :ultrasonic irradiation power 400 W ,ultrasonic irradiation time 5 minutes .Both the intermittent ratio and the pulse repetition period of ultrasonic wave had less impact on the emulsi-fication of mixtures of crude oil .

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利用激光测距仪对铸造用超声系统辐射杆进行振动测试,基于比值校正法对所测振动序列进行幅值谱校正后得到辐射杆端面与柱面的位移幅值分布。测试结果表明该超声系统振动以纵向振动为主,同时存在较强的纵横耦合振动。通过超声系统辐射杆空化腐蚀试验,发现辐射杆端面腐蚀均匀分布,柱面腐蚀则出现在振幅大于2.2μm的区域。结合柱面振幅分布与空化腐蚀区域推算出700°C时7050铝合金熔体的空化阈值约为1.1 MPa。
Vibration test was done for a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer used in casting by virtue of laser range finder.The displacement amplitude distribution of the end and cylindrical surface was gained through the amplitude spectrum correction of the vibration series based on interpolation method.The test results show that longitudinal vibration is the major vibration and there exists crossbar coupling in ultrasound system vibration.The results of the cavitation corrosion experiment of the radiator indicate that the corrosion on end surface is uniform but on cylindrical surface it occurs on the area where the amplitude is over 2.2μm.The calculation indicates that the cavitation threshold in aluminum alloy 7050 at temperature 700℃ is 1 .1 Mpa.

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目的 探讨低频超声辐射是否增加化学治疗(化疗)药物对人肺癌细胞的凋亡作用.方法 将人肺癌A549的细胞分成4组:空白对照组常规培养;单纯使用顺氯氨铂组(单纯化疗组,药物终浓度5mg/L);单纯低频超声辐射处理组(单纯超声组,频率30 kHz,发射强度2.8 W/cm2,作用时间5 min)以及低频超声辐射联合顺氯氨铂化疗组(超声联合化疗组,超声治疗和化疗方法同单纯超声组和单纯化疗组).经过各个条件处理的细胞培养36 h后应用流式细胞仪检测A549细胞凋亡率.结果 超声联合化疗组A549细胞凋亡率[(7.84±2.74)％]明显高于单纯化疗组[(5.06±0.88)％]、单纯超声组[(2.71±0.99)％]和空白对照组[(2.64±0.99)％],差异均有统计学意义(P=0.012,P=0.004,P=0.010),同时超声联合化疗组及单纯化疗组A549细胞凋亡率也明显高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P =0.004),单纯超声组与空白对照组间A549细胞凋亡率差异无统计学意义(P =0.055).结论 体外低频超声辐射可以增加化疗药物对人肺癌细胞的凋亡作用.
Objective To investigate whether low intensity ultrasound enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy on human pulmonary carcinoma.Methods The human pulmonary carcinoma cell line A549 cell suspension was divided into four subgroups:routinely cultured A549 cells as control group; A549 cell suspension treated with cisplation group (final concentration was 5 mg/L) ; A549 cell suspension treated with low intensity ultrasound group (30 kHz,2.8 W/cm2,for five minutes) ; A549 cell suspension treated with combination of low intensity ultrasound (30 kHz,2.8 W/cm2,for five minutes) and cisplation group (final concentration was 5 mg/L).The A549 cell suspension treated with various treatments was incubated for 36 h.The A549 cell apoptosis ratio was detected using flow cytometry.Results The A549 apoptosis ratio was significantly higher in the combination of low intensity ultrasound and cisplation (7.84 ± 2.74) ％ than that in the subgroup of cisplation alone (5.06 ± 0.88) ％ (P =0.012) or low in

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矩形六面体超声变幅器具有丰富的谐振频率有利于实现工件的辅助超声振动,但需要对矩形六面体结构进行优化设计,通过在矩形六面体内设置圆柱形孔使其振动特性满足工件辅助超声振动的要求。采用表观弹性法设计矩形六面体辐射面的基本尺寸,利用有限元法研究圆柱形孔高度、数量和直径对矩形六面体超声谐振特性和辐射面振幅的影响规律。结果表明,在尺寸为137.3×121.2×40 mm的矩形六面体中均匀分布9×9个直径为7 mm的竖直圆柱形通孔时,工作频率为20 kHz,在辐射面中心区域可获得均匀的Z向位移,适合负载工件实现辅助的垂直超声振动。
It is useful to use a rectangular block ultrasonic horn to realize auxiliary ultrasonic vibration of a workpiece,because the horn has abundant harmonic frequencies.But the structure of the horn should be designed and optimized with distributed cylindrical holes inside to make its coupled vibration characteristics meet the requirements of the auxiliary ultrasonic vibration of the workpiece.The apparent elasticity method was adopted to design the basic sizes of the rectangular block’s radiant surface.The FE method was used to study the influence of height,number and diameter of cylindrical holes on the ultrasonic vibration characteristics of the rectangular block horn and the vibration amplitude of the radiant surface.It was shown that the designed size of the block horn is 137.3 ×121.2 ×40mm,inside it the cylindrical holes are evenly and vertically distributed with the number of 9 ×9 and the diameter of 7 mm;the working frequency of the horn reaches 20 kHz and the uniform

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在La-H2O-THF体系中,超声辐射下于室温还原芳香醛,1 h内可得到收率为52%~89%的邻二醇,而在同样体系中,即使没有超声辐射而仅搅拌24 h,邻二醇产率也可达到35%~67%.该方法时间短,产率高,对环境友好.
The reductive coupling reactions of aromatic aldehydes were carried out in 52%~89%yield of vicinal diol in La-H2O-THF system under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature for 1 h. The reactions in the same system gave vicinal diol in 35%~67%yield by stirring only for 24 h. The procedure possesses the advantages with shorter reaction time, the higher yield and the environmental benign.

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目的研究超声辐射力对体外靶向微泡黏附内皮祖细胞的调控作用,为临床治疗动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块提供前期实验基础。方法首先进行靶向微泡的制备及其黏附内皮祖细胞的拍片,其次建立微血管流体模型,通过高分辨摄像机观测超声辐照力对内皮祖细胞黏附靶向微泡的推移现象。结果镜下观察靶向微泡黏附内皮祖细胞情况较好;超声辐照对微泡无明显破坏作用,推移速度缓慢稳定;当微泡浓度为7×107/ml时,超声辐射力对微泡推移现象较稳定,延长辐照时间对微泡的推移作用无明显影响。结论靶向微泡黏附内皮祖细胞黏附作用较好,超声辐射力可显著提高体外微血管内携带干细胞微泡的靶向黏附作用。
Objective To study the regelating effect of ultrasound radiation force on the adherence of targeted microbubbles to endothelial progenitor cells in vitro and provide preliminary experimental basis for the clinical treatment of unstable atherosclerotic plaques (vulnerable plaques). Methods Firstly,we prepared targeted microbubble and photographed their adhesion to the endothelial progenitor cells (epcs). Secondly,microvascular flow model was established. Under the high resolution camera,the process of targeted microbubble adhered to endothelial progenitor cells was recorded. Results Under the microscopy,targeted microbubble adhered to endothelial progenitor cells. The ultrasound radiation force caused no obvious microbubble destruction and drove the targeted microbubbles to move slowly and stably,when the concentration of microbubbles was 7×107/ml. No obvious effect on the microbubble moving was observed by extension of the irradiation time. Conclusion Targeted microbubble ca

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目的：探索高频聚焦超声和低频聚焦超声在不同辐照时间和功率的条件下，对离体动物猪的皮下脂肪不同层产生生物学融脂效应的规律。方法：将离体动物猪脂肪生物实验分为两组，分别使用工作频率为6．5MHz和3MHz的换能器。两组使用的超声功率为2～5w，辐射时间为5S、10S、20S、4s、60s和80S；辐照后进行MTT检测脂肪细胞活性并计算融脂效应的面积。描述离体动物猪的皮下脂肪层生物学融脂效应，讨论不同条件下生物学融脂效应之间的区别。结果：随着超声功率和辐照时间的增加，脂肪组织形成融脂效应的程度呈规律性变化。辐照时间为5s时脂肪组织破坏不明显，辐照时间〉10s时脂肪组织则明显被破坏。相同超声功率和辐射时间条件下聚焦超声在深脂肪层的破坏程度比浅表脂肪层高。3MHz聚焦超声在辐射时间≥40s可穿过约5mm的表皮并凝固性破坏皮下不同层次的脂肪组织。结论：高频和低频聚焦超声均可有效破坏脂肪组织。
Objective: To explore the biological effect of high frequency ultrasound and low frequency ultrasound on different layers in vitro swine adipose tissue. Methods: In vitro experiment was divided into two groups with working frequency of transducers being 6.5 MHz and 3 MHz. In 6.5 MHz group, ultrasonic power 2-5 W and irradiation time 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 s were adopted and cell activity was determined through MTT staining method and thus the area of coagulation necrosis was calculated. In 3 MHz group, biological effect induced by focused ultrasound on different layers of the swine adipose tissue was observed and the difference in result was discussed under same experiment parameters. Results:Lipolysis effect changes in an order with increasing ultrasonic power and irradiation time. 5 s irradiation time shows no obvious damage to the tissue, however shows obvious damage above 10 s. Under the same experiment parameters, deep adipose tissue (DAT) shows higher level of tissue damage tha

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超声检查常常是评价肾脏疾病的首选成像方式。在多普勒成像中引入超声对比剂是超声检查中一项重大的进步,与CT或MR成像相比,由于超声对比剂无辐射,成本低,且不会扩散到血管外,故可实现实时多维成像,有利于快速诊断。随着声学对比剂的发展和成像软件的开发,超声造影已成为重要的诊断手段之一。就超声造影在常见肾脏疾病中的应用及前景予以综述。
Ultrasound usually is the preferred imaging method in evaluating renal diseases. Introducing the ultrasound contrast agent to the Doppler imaging is a great progress in ultrasound examination. Comparing with CT or MR imaging, ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles characterized by no radiation, low cost, and don ’t spread to the extravascular space. Using real-time multiplanar imaging a rapid diagnosis can be archived. With the developments of the acoustic contrast and the imaging software, ultrasound imaging has become one of the important diagnostic methods. We summarized the application and prospect of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in renal diseases in this article.

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探讨口服胃窗声学造影剂超声检查在胃溃疡诊断超声声像图表现及应用价值。方法:对19例相关病例进行常规超声检查、胃窗声学造影剂超声检查、胃镜及活检,以病理为金标准。结果:口服胃窗声学造影剂对胃溃疡诊断准确率为84.2%。结论:胃窗声学造影剂能明显改善胃区超声图像质量,提高病变显示率,此法简便、安全、无辐射,对胃部疾病诊断有重要意义。
Objective:To investigate the sonographic performance and value of acoustic window of oral contrast agents stomach ultrasound in the diagnosis of gastric ulcer.Method:19 cases were routine ultrasound,ultrasound contrast agent windows stomach ultrasound,endoscopy and biopsy to pathology as the gold standard.Result:The oral contrast agent for gastric ulcer window diagnostic accuracy was 84.2%.Conclusion:Gastric windows ultrasound contrast agent stomach area can significantly improve ultrasound image quality,enhance disease display rate method is simple,safe,no radiation,stomach disease diagnosis is important.

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分析了功率超声换能振动系统的工程设计问题，探讨了在不同负载条件下，影响功率超声换能器电声效率的关键因素，并给出了具有指导性的设计原则，为功率超声换能振动系统的优化设计和性能改善提供设计指南和指导措施。并对近期发展的功率超声振动系统进行了分析和综述，重点阐述了两种新型功率超声振动系统，即三维全方位超声辐射换能器以及径向夹心式压电陶瓷复合换能器，对其设计方法和性能优化进行了总结。
A number of important problem and limitations for the engineering design of the high power ultrasonic vibrating systems are further analyzed and emphasized.The factors affecting the electro-acoustical efficiency of the high power transducers under different load conditions are dis-cussed,and some instructive design criterion and conclusions are obtained which can help to im-prove the performance of the high power ultrasonic vibrating systems.The new developments for the high power ultrasonic vibrating systems are reviewed,and especially two types of high power ultrasonic vibrating systems are stressed,i.e.,the three-dimensional ultrasonic radiators and the radially sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic vibrating systems,and the design considerations are discussed which are helpful for their engineering design.

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