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双语推荐：钒

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为了给湖北某石煤型钒矿石中钒的回收工艺研究提供指导，采用化学分析、显微镜观察、单矿物化学成分能谱分析、MLA矿物自动定量检测技术等手段对该矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究，得出的主要结论为：①矿石V2 O5含量为0.96%，含钒矿物有钒云母(纤维钒云母、含碳钒云母和片状钒云母)、含钒褐铁矿、钒钙榴石及水钒铁矿、羟钒铜矿、钒钡铜矿等；②虽然矿石中含钒矿物种类较多，但回收钒的主要对象为钒云母、含钒褐铁矿和钙钒榴石，这三者的V2 O5分配率合计达97.08%；③含钒褐铁矿和钙钒榴石具有一定磁性，而钒云母磁性极弱。根据以上结论，建议先通过强磁选预富集含钒褐铁矿和钙钒榴石、通过浮选预富集含钒云母，然后采用直接酸浸工艺回收强磁选精矿中的钒、采用加助浸剂的酸浸工艺或焙烧—酸浸工艺回收浮选精矿中的钒。
Process mineralogy was conducted on a stone-coal vanadium ore from Hubei by chemical analysis,microscope observation,energy spectrum analysis of mono-mineral chemical components,MLA automated quantitative surveying technique to provide guidelines for vanadium extraction from the ore. The mainly results are as follows:①the V2 O5 content of the ore was 0. 96%,and vanadium bearing minerals includes vanadium mica ( fiber vanadium mica,carbon vanadium mica and flake ros-coelite) , vanadium-containing limonite, calcium vanadium garnet and fervanite, hydroxyl copper, vanadium barium copper, etc.;②Although vanadium exists in many minerals,the objective minerals are vanadium mica,turanite,and vesignieite only with V2 O5 distribution rate of these three 97. 08%;③Both the vanadium-bearing limonite and calcium-vanadium garnet have a certain magnetism,while vanadium mica is lower. According to the conclusion above,it is recommended that the high intensi-ty magnetic separation is adopte

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针对江西某石煤型钒矿中的钒主要赋存于钒云母、含钒云母及褐铁矿中,且部分含钒矿物具有弱磁性的特点,采用磁-浮联合工艺,浮选中使用高效抑制剂抑制GZS及胺类捕收剂TAN回收钒.在给矿钒品位为0.86%的条件下,获得钒品位1.41%、回收率84.01%的钒精矿,为冶金提钒预先抛弃了50.80%的脉石矿物,大大降低了生产成本,有效地提高了钒资源的利用率.
The beneficiation test combined magnetic‐flotation process was carried out in order to solve the problem in the stone coal (in Jiangxi province) containing roscoelite and roscoelite limonite with magnetic properties .The high effective depressant GZS and amine collector TAN were used in flotation to recycle the vanadium .The result shows that the stone coal containing 0 .86% V2 O5 was increased to 1 .41% with the recovery of 84 .01% ,and the process discard 50 .80% gangue of the raw ore ,w hich greatly reduced the cost of production and improved the utilization efficiency of vanadium resources .

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采用酸性铵盐沉淀法，以25～30 g／L沉淀原液为研究对象，进行高浓度钒液沉钒研究。以硫酸铝为钒液净化剂，通过控制钒液净化过程温度、酸度等工艺条件，得到优质、高浓度沉钒原液；沉钒过程中，通过控制钒液pH值、加铵系数、加酸温度等得到合格的优质钒酸铵。应用高浓度沉钒工艺后，吨钒降低新水消耗10 m3，减少了沉钒工序蒸汽及电力消耗，增强了产品的竞争力。
With raw precipitation solution of 25 to 30 g/L as object and acid ammonium salt precipitation method, the vanadium precipitation process is researched for high-concentration vanadium liquid:taking a-luminum sulfate as decontaminant, controlling temperature and acidity in vanadium liquid purification process, high-quality high-concentration raw precipitation solution can be got;the qualified high-quality ammonium vanadate can be got in the process by controlling pH value of vanadium liquid, ammonium adding coefficient and acid adding temperature.With the above process, the clean water consumption per ton of va-nadium is reduced by 10 m3 , vapor and electricity consumption decreased.

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介绍了世界和我国钒资源及利用的基本情况,分析了我国钒资源利用存在的主要问题,总结出我国钒产品消费结构,对钒需求量进行了预测,并提出促进钒资源利用水平、拓展钒应用范围的相关建议。
This paper basically introduced the reserve and utilization of vanadium resources at home and abroad , analyzed the main problems in utilization in China , summarized consumption pattern and predicted the market demand .Finally, some proposes were made to increase the utilization lev-el and expand the application range .

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针对铬盐无钙焙烧工艺浸出液除钒现行钙盐沉钒法钙盐加入量大、需反复调节pH值、脱钒渣含铬酸钙等问题,提出采用铁盐作为沉钒剂进行除钒。考察铁盐加入量、pH值和温度等主要因素对钒脱除的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件,且终液钒浓度低于0.08 g/L,满足后续工艺要求。铁盐除钒可在较宽的pH值范围内操作,不需反复调节溶液pH值。渣相分析表明:脱钒渣为吸附钒酸根的氢氧化铁,其中不含铬,进一步探讨氢氧化铁对钒的吸附机理,确定钒酸根通过内层络合方式吸附在氢氧化铁表面。
According to the current existing problem in the vanadium precipitating process in calcium salt by non-calcium roasting technology with chromium salt, such problems as large amount of calcium salt, repeatedly adjusting the pH value, slag containing calcium chromate and other issues, iron salts were used as precipitating agent to remove vanadium. The amount of iron salt added, pH value, temperature and other major factors on the impact of vanadium removal were investigated, the optimum conditions are that the vanadium concentration in final liquid is less than 0.08 g/L, which satisfies the follow-up process requirements. Utilizing iron salt to remove vanadium can be operated in wide pH range, without repeatedly adjusting the pH value. By analyzing, the slag phase is ferric hydroxide, which adsorbs vanadium, containing no chromium. And by further exploring against adsorption mechanism, vanadium is adsorbed on the surface of the iron hydroxide by inner layer complexation.

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针对有毒的提钒尾渣及含钒钢渣年排放量巨大、无法综合利用的问题,研究含钒炉渣回收钒的过程机理。SEM分析结果表明,提钒尾渣中的钒集中赋存于赤铁矿相(Fe_2O_3)和铁板钛矿相(Fe_2TiO_5)中,同时也有一部分赋存于含Si锥辉石相(NaFe(SiO_3)_2)中;钢渣中的钒则主要赋存在硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙、铁酸钙相中和自由氧化物。根据四价钒和五价钒具有碱溶性的特性,得出提钒尾渣中92%的钒和钢渣中94%的钒是碱溶性的。通过温度和碱浓度对含钒炉渣物相的影响实验得知,温度对硅酸盐相的破坏作用显著,碱浓度与硅酸盐相的分解率呈线性增加的关系。通过NaOH介质水热过程分解含钒炉渣,钒的浸出率高于90%。
At present, the emission amounts of toxic vanadium tailings and vanadium-bearing converter slags are enormous, and the vanadium-bearing slags cannot be utilized synthetically, the recycling mechanism of vanadium from vanadium-bearing slags was researched. SEM analysis shows that vanadium in vanadium tailings mainly exists in Fe2O3 and Fe2TiO5 phases, also, some are embedded in acmite phase (NaFe(SiO3)2). And, the vanadium in converter slags mainly shows in Ca2SiO4, Ca3SiO5, Ca2Fe2O5 phases and freedom oxides. According to the tetravalent and pentavalent vanadium with alkali-soluble property, it is inferred that above 92%vanadium in vanadium tailings and 94%vanadium in vanadium-bearing converter slags are alkali soluble. Through the influence experiments of temperature and alkali concentration on vanadium-bearing slags phase, it can be obtained that the decomposition of silicate is affected obviously by temperature, and the regulation of silicates decomposition rate with alkali concentr

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系统介绍了我国钒资源的现状及特点,归纳阐述了钒钛磁铁矿、含钒石煤矿及石墨型钒矿的国内外选矿预先富集工艺技术现状,并对钒资源的选矿技术进行了展望。
The paper introduces the present situation and characteristics of vanadium resource in China,summarizing the current situation of mineral processing technology of pre-concentration for vanadium titano-magnetite, coal mine with vanadium resources, and graphite vanadium ore in domestic and overseas.Moreover, the paper discusses the prospect of beneficiation technology of vanadium resources.

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钒铝合金主要作为制作钛合金、高温合金的中间合金及某些特殊合金的添加剂,五氧化二钒是制备钒铝合金的重要原料.在实验室条件下,通过返溶除硅、碱性沉钒工艺制备的五氧化二钒符合钒铝合金原料的要求,纯度达到了99.5％,Si、Cr、Fe均小于0.05％.工业试验工艺稳定,五氧化二钒的纯度达到99.5％,杂质含量小于0.05％.确定的适宜工艺参数为:除硅剂A与硅摩尔比为1.05、除硅反应pH值为10.0,除硅反应温度为70℃、除硅反应时间为60 min、沉钒反应沉钒剂与钒摩尔比为3.1、沉钒反应温度为60℃、沉钒反应时间为60 min.
Vanadium-aluminum alloy is primarily used as additive in production of titanium alloy,superalloy and some special alloys,and vanadium pentoxide is an important raw material for the preparation of vanadium-aluminum alloy.Under laboratory conditions,vanadium pentoxide meeting the requirements for vanadium-aluminum alloy preparation was obtained by re-dissolution for silicon removal and alkaline precipitation of vanadium,with the purity of V2O5 reaching 99.5％ and the content of Si,Cr and Fe less than 0.05 ％.After the industrial test,the purity of vanadium pentoxide reached 99.5 ％ and the content of impurities was less than 0.05％ with stable process.The optimum parameters are as follows:the molar ratio of desilication agent to silicon is 1.05,the pH for desilication is 10.0,the temperature and time for desilication are respectively 70℃ and 60 min; The molar ratio of precipitating agent to vanadium is 3.1,the temperature and time for precipitating reaction are 60 ℃ and 60 mi

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钒渣钠化焙烧过程低价钒氧化不充分,不能被浸出,降低了钒渣的浸出率。实验采用蒽醌磺酸钠(ADA)和栲胶作载氧体实现氧的传递,强化低价钒的氧化行为。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外光谱以及紫外可见漫反射光谱等检测方法,分析了转炉钒渣浸出反应前后物相变化行为,探索了反应过程机理,证实了其可行性。结果表明,采用ADA和栲胶作载氧体,能将转炉钒渣中的低价钒氧化成可溶的高价钒,实现空气催化氧化高效浸钒。此时,钒浸出率由89.47%分别提高到92.84%和93.64%,且催化剂对体系后续工艺没有不良影响,转炉钒渣中的尾渣含钒量由1.1%分别降至0.52%和0.47%。
Low valency vanadium produced in the insufficient sodium roasting process affects the improvement of vanadium leaching rate. Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt (ADA) or tannin as oxygen carrier was added into the water leaching process to transfer oxygen and to strengthen the air oxidation process of low valency vanadium. Phases of reaction system were analyzed using XRD, SEM, UV and UV-Vis DRS. The reaction mechanism of the process was also studied to prove its theoretical feasibility. Low valency vanadium was effectively oxidized by ADA or tannin, and vanadium leaching ratios increased from initial 89.47%to 92.84%and 93.64%, while vanadium contents in the leaching residue reduced from 1.1%to 0.52%and 0.47%, respectively. It also proved that catalysts had no negative effect on the consequential process.

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采用“核收缩”模型研究了湖北某地含钒石煤硫酸浸出过程中钒、铝的浸出动力学。结果表明，钒的浸出动力学过程与钒的转价有密切关系：在25～45℃条件下，浸出初期，钒的浸出以五价钒及颗粒表面四价钒为主，受化学反应控制，表观反应活化能为36 kJ／mol；浸出后期，反应界面向颗粒内部推移，钒的浸出转化为内扩散控制，以四价钒为主，表观反应活化能升高为64 kJ／mol。在55～95℃条件下，三价钒亦被活化，钒的浸出过程受内扩散控制，表观反应活化能最高，为91 kJ／mol。铝由于赋存状态单一，始终受晶格束缚，其浸出动力学过程受内扩散控制，表观反应活化能较高，为68 kJ／mol。钒、铝浸出均为二级反应，对硫酸浓度依赖性较大。
The kinetics on leaching of vanadium and aluminum using sulfuric acid from the vanadium‐bearing stone coal was investigated by shrinking core model .The results indicate that the leaching kinetics of vanadium interrelate with the valence of vanadium .At 25 -45 ℃ ,the leaching process of vanadium is controlled by chemical reaction with the apparent activation energy of 36 kJ/mol ,and the vanadium leached mainly consist of V (Ⅴ ) and V (Ⅳ ) on the particle surface at the initial leaching stage .At the late leaching stage ,the reaction boundary moves into the inside of particles ,and the leaching process of vanadium which is mainly V (Ⅳ ) is controlled by internal diffusion with the apparent activation energy of 63 kJ/mol .At 55-95 ℃ ,V(Ⅲ) is activated and the leaching process of vanadium is controlled by the internal diffusion with the apparent activation energy of 91 kJ/mol .The leaching process of aluminum is controlled by the internal diffusion because it only occurs

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