云南祥云县红土坡石棺墓发掘出土了大量的铜器。这些铜器制作精美,类型丰富,堪称洱海区域青铜文化的典型代表。为进一步研究祥云红土坡石棺墓出土铜器的制作工艺,对20世纪80年代两次发掘祥云红土坡石棺墓所出土各类铜器(包括剑、矛、钺、斧、锄、动物模型、杖首)进行了成分分析,并对其制作工艺进行了初步研究。结果表明,祥云红土坡石棺墓出土的铜器材质主要是红铜或低锡青铜,含锡量很低是该墓葬群出土铜器的一大特点。这些铜器主要用作随葬明器,少数兵器为实用器。个别为铜锡铅三元合金,已经出现了在合金中加铅的技术。其制作工艺以铸造为主,少数器物表面镀锡。这一研究成果,对今后探索洱海区域青铜时代金属技术及其文化面貌具有较为重要的价值。

A large number of various exquisite bronze handcrafts had been unearthed from Hongtupo Stone Coffin Tombs in Xiangyun County, Yunnan. These handcrafts have been known as a paragon of bronze culture in Erhai area. To further the investigation of the craftsmanship of handcrafts in Hongtupo Stone Coffin Tombs, chemical components of Hongtupo Stone Coffin Tombs'' handcrafts (including swords, spears, tomahawks, axes, hoes, animal models, and scepters) were analyzed through component analysis, and pilot studies had been done on the handcrafts. The investigation result shows that the composition of the bronze handcrafts unearthed from Hongtupo Stone Coffin Tombs is mainly either red bronze or low tin bronze. Being low in tin is one of the features of bronzes unearthed from these tombs. These bronze handcrafts were primarily used as burial weapons with a few were for practical use. Very few of them are ternary alloys of copper, tin and lead. Ternary alloys containing lead shows that

西周金文处于汉字体系的形成和发展时期。西周铜器铭文中图形文字向方块字体转变,偏旁部首增加并趋于成熟,汉字形体结构日益完善,形声结构迅速增长。对西周金文构形特征的考察能够深入了解文字发展变化的过程,从而有助于探求汉字的发展变化规律。

The inscriptions on ancient bronze wares of Xizhou Dynasty are the embryonic characters when the Chinese characters system formed and developed. Its pictographic scripts evolve into square -shaped charac- ters with the increase and perfection of character components. Meanwhile, its form and structure are increas- ingly perfect with the large number of inscriptions on ancient bronze ware. The analysis about the structure fea- tures of inscriptions can help to explore the evolution and the principles of the change and development of Chi- nese characters.

二里头文化含有"甲"字的两个铜器图案内涵与《素问·阴阳类论》"一阳为纪"有渊源关系。二里头文化之十字形"甲"字源于立表测景,《黄帝内经》与"甲"相配的胆经在人体中的作用也被比作立表测景样的作用——"一阳为游部";二里头文化中铜越图像内周布列6个甲字,举"甲"字以赅六十干支纪日之义,旨在强调干支纪日法必须与圭表结合才能准确厘定一年四季。《黄帝内经》以"甲六复而终岁"表示三百六十日干支纪日法与人体的四时五脏阴阳系统相对应,而三百六十日干支纪日法的四时五行对应的人体脏腑系统必须在具有如圭表测景一样功能的胆的配合下,才能精确反映一年的四时变化,故曰"凡十一脏,取决于胆也"。二里头圆形铜器图像每周各布13个"甲"字,象征闰年13个月,旨在强调立表测景定向是太阴历法与太阳历法和谐的关键。《黄帝内经》则以"十二脉应十二月",而能够让十二脉"积气余而盈闰"与四时相合相应,需要具有"推余于终"作用的中正之官的胆与具有立表测景一样功能的胆经的和调作用完成,故有"少阳主骨"之说。

Erlitou culture contains a word of two bronze pattern connotation having origin relations of Yiyangweiji. Cross word "a" is the result of Erlitou culture deriving from Set table test scene. Huangdineijing and Jia matching gallbladder channel in the human body has been likened as table test sample scene. Erlitou culture copper inside of the 6 "Jia",for a word to sixty power JiRi,emphasis on power JiRi method must be combined with the sundial to accurately set throughout the year. Huangdineijing with "a six complex and through-out the year," said the three hundred and sixty day power JiRi method corresponding to the body′s five organs system. Three hundred and sixty day power JiRi method corresponding to the five elements of human viscera system must be in the scene such as the sundial test function with the cooperation of bile,so as to accurately reflect the 4 years change. So say eleven dirty depends on bravery. Erlitou bronzes surround with 13 "Jia" symbolic as leap year fo

2001年湖北肖家河出土3件有铭铜器，器主是“唐子仲濒儿”，引起了学界对“咸”字的讨论，此字关涉到金文历日这个重要问题，比如“月相四分说”和“月相定点说”。现有成果对铭文中“御”字的解释亦有可商榷之处。文章研究表明：第一，从字形、文献、考古等多个角度论证，认为唐予仲濒儿盘、匜铭文中的“咸”是“咸”字，释为“咸池”。“咸池”是岁星纪年，岁在戊午，即为咸池，并考证做器年代可能为公元前602年。第二，铭文“御盘”、“御沫匜”、“御鈚”中的“御”字当释为“用”。

In 2001 ,three bronzes with inscriptions were unearthed in Xiaojiahe ,Hubei province .They belong to“Tang Zi Zhong Bin Er” .“ ” on the bronzes has caused debate in academia ,and involved the important calen-dar problems of bronzes ,such as “moon phase four” and“moon phase fixed point” .The interpretation of the word“Yu” in the inscription in the existing results also can be discussed .This paper will discuss two prob-lems .First ,it is demonstrated that “ ”in Tang Zi Zhong Bin Er plate and yi is “Xian”,from the shape ,litera-ture ,archaeology and other aspects .“Xian”can be interpreted as“Xian chi” .“Xian chi”is Jupiter cycle ,in Wu-Wu ,and the WuWu may be 602 BC .Then“Yu”in“Yu plate” ,“Yu hui yi”and“Yu pi”should be explaned as“using” .