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双语推荐：风速实测

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建立准确的风电场模型是风电接入系统相关研究的基础。首先通过对某双馈风电机组的标准功率特性曲线和实测风速-功率散点图进行对比,针对它们之间的差异问题,建立基于实测运行数据的风电机组风速-功率模型。其次,针对地形复杂、机组排列不规则的大型风电场风速差异性问题,利用K-means聚类算法对风电场内所有风电机组按实测风速数据进行聚类划分,建立了整个风电场的等效风速模型,进而给出了基于实测运行数据的风电场风速-功率模型。然后,以某实际风电场为例,对该风电场内的风电机组按风速进行K-means聚类划分,结果显示该划分结果与简单按地理位置的机群划分结果有明显差异。最后,对传统的风速-功率模型和所提出的风速-功率模型输出结果进行比较,结果证明所提出的模型相对于传统模型而言,准确性有了较大的提高。
Accurate model of the wind farm is the basis for the analysis of wind power integrating grid. Firstly, the comparison is made between the standard power characteristic curve and the measured scatter plot of wind speed-active power for DFIG. The wind speed-active power model is proposed based on the measured data. For the wind speed differences of wind turbines in large wind farm caused by complex terrain and the crew irregular arrangement, K-means clustering algorithm is used for the equivalent wind speed model of the whole wind farm. Then the wind speed-active power model of wind farm based on measured data is proposed. Taking an actual wind farm as example, K-means clustering algorithm is used to the clusters division. Result shows that the division by wind speed is different from that by location of wind turbine units. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the new wind speed-active power model, the error comparative analysis is made between the new model and the traditional model.

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比较不同风速模拟方法对可靠性评估的影响,为风速模拟方法的选择提供依据。首先,根据实测风速数据研究了风速的季节特性、日特性、自相关性等宏观特性,分析并比较了实测风速法、实测风速均值法、概率抽样法、多状态等效法和时间序列模拟法在模拟风速宏观特性上的差异。然后,针对无条件期望可靠性指标的不足,提出了充裕度评估中条件可靠性指标体系,并给出了分割多目标风险分析框架下基于蒙特卡洛方法的电力系统充裕度评估过程。最后,对加入风电的IEEE-RTS测试系统进行了可靠性评估。算例结果表明:时间序列模型计算出的无条件及条件可靠性指标与实测风速法相比差别较小;概率抽样法计算出的系统状态指标呈高频率、低持续时间的特点;风速均值法计算出的健康状态条件概率偏大,而临界状态和风险状态的条件概率偏小,且健康状态呈现明显的低频率、长持续时间的特点。
The impacts of wind speed simulation methods on reliability assessment were discussed to provide useful reference for selection of those methods. First, the seasonal and diurnal characteristics, autocorrelation were investigated based on the observed wind speed data. The advantages and dis-advantages of the observed wind method, the mean observed wind speed method, the probability sampling method, the multi-state equivalent method and the time series modelling method were analyzed. Second, aiming at the disadvantages of the unconditional expected values of the reliability indices, the conditional reliability indices for adequacy evaluation were proposed, and the reliability assessment process of power systems based on the partitioned multi-objective risk method (PMRM) was discussed. Finally, the modified IEEE-RTS including wind generation was evaluated based on the PMRM . Numerical results show that there is little difference in the unconditional and conditional reliability indices bet

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首先采用应用较广泛的矢量分解法，对超高层结构西塔顶部的实测数据进行处理，总结了矢量分解法的三个方面的局限。然后针对这些局限且为获取较准确的脉动风速时程，考虑了风速非平稳特性，给出了获取螺旋桨风速仪的正交两方向的脉动风速时程的平稳模型与非平稳模型的数值表达公式。依据上述两种风速模型，进一步从湍流强度、阵风因子、概率密度分布和风速谱等指标进行对比分析，结果表明非平稳风速模型能更精确地描述高层建筑顶部实测风速数据的真实状态。
The vector decomposition method was firstly adopted in this paper to process the measured wind speed data atop the super high-rise building Guangzhou West Tower.Three limitations of this widely used statistica analysis method in wind engineering were discussed.In order to solve these limitations and ob-taine more accurate fluctuating wind speed time history,the non-stationary characteristics of wind was taken into accoun in this study.Therefore a revised stationary and non-stationary (mainly induced from the EMD method)wind speed model were established respectively for the two orthogonal directions of the fluctuating wind speed obtained from the propeller anemometer.Then the four major indexes of wind characteristic for measured wind speed,i.e.the turbulence intensity,the gust factor,the probability density distribution,and the power spectral density of fluctuating wind speed,were discussed comprehensively by comparing the ana-lyzed results based on the specifications of the two above

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该文利用数值仿真手段分析了全球导航卫星系统海面反射(GNSS-R)信号的时延相关功率曲线特征，讨论了风速、风向、GNSS卫星高度角、接收机平台高度和速度等因素对海面散射信号相关功率的影响，给出了GNSS-R海面风速的反演方法和技术流程，并进行了试验验证。结果表明，在中低风速条件(<20 m/s)下，GNSS-R测量的海面风速与实测风速的基本一致，说明 GNSS-R 探测海面风速的可行性以及该文给出的海面风速反演方法的正确性。当风速超过20 m/s时，由于受海浪谱模型的限制，其反演的结果明显低于实测风速。最后，根据试验结果，初步给出了GNSS-R测量海面风速的修正模型。
This paper introduces the mechanism of sea surface wind measurement using Global Navigation Satellite System Reflection (GNSS-R) signal and sea surface scattered signal theoretical model. Then the delay waveform of sea surface scattered signal is analyzed through numerical integration, and the influence of wind speed, wind direction, GNSS satellite elevation angle, receiver height and receiver speed on this delay waveform is discussed in detail. Based on the above analysis, the algorithm of GNSS-R sea surface wind retrieval is proposed. In order to validate the mechanism of GNSS-R measuring sea surface wind and the accuracy of this algorithm, Hurricane Dennis is used to test. The result shows that GNSS-R wind speed is generally consistent with the observational data for the low-moderate wind speed ( 20 m/s). Finally, the correction model of GNSS-R wind speed is initially proposed on the basis of the experimental results.

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对北黄海QuikSCAT散射计矢量风资料与黄海实测浮标站风速资料进行对比分析,结果表明:北黄海QuikSCAT卫星风速和浮标观测风速的大小基本吻合,二者平均偏差是0.26 m/s,相关系数是0.74;风向偏差较大,平均偏差是117.52°。根据卫星风速和浮标风速的对比分析结果,提出了修正方案。修正后的QuikSCAT风向与实测浮标站风向的平均偏差显著提高到20.44°。该修正方案实施简单,修正效果显著,为更准确地使用卫星资料提供了保证。
We compared the wind data obtained from QuikSCAT satellite with that measured in situ in the north Yellow Sea at an offshore buoy deployed by Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The bias between QuikSCAT wind speed data and the buoy-measured data satisfied the accuracy requirement. The mean bias for wind speed was about 0.26 m/s and the correlation between the two data was 0.74. However, the bias with mean of 117.52° for wind direction between the two wind data was too large. A correction method for QuikSCAT wind direction was proposed on the basis of the comparison. The mean bias for wind direction was about 20.44° after the correction.

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根据1128h的实测强风风速样本,对某空旷平坦地貌下10 m高度处的非平稳强风风场湍流特性进行了研究。基于平均风速在基本时距内的平稳性,建立了非平稳强风风场的平稳风速模型和非平稳风速模型,分别计算这两类模型下的各风场湍流特征参数并加以对比。结果表明:55%的实测风速样本具有较强的非平稳性,采用非平稳风速模型更能反映实际风场风速;研究湍流特征参数随平均风速的变化规律,其中湍流强度随风速变化不明显,主要集中在0.16~0.20,大于我国现行荷载规范规定的B类场地10 m高度湍流度值0.14;阵风因子随平均风速减小,湍流积分尺度则随之增大;相对于其他风速谱,Davenport谱更能准确描述强风风场的能量分布。
The turbulent characteristics of nonstationary strong wind were analyzed based on field measured wind records of 1 128-h long collected at a height of 10 meters over an open flat terrain.According to the assumption that the average wind speed component was deterministic time-varying in a time interval,a nonstationary wind model was proposed and then applied to find its turbulent characteristics.The results were compared with those calculated with a stationary wind model where the average wind speed component was assumed constant.It was found that 55% samples of wind records are nonstationary,and the nonstationary wind model is more appropriate for charactering wind speed.The variations of turbulent characteristics versus wind speed were studied,and it showed that the turbulent intensity seems to have no significant relationship with wind speed and mainly distributes within 0.16 !0.20,it is slightly greater than 0.14 given in our current country''s wind load codes;the gust fac

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本文基于浦东国际机场附近的同济大学实测基地获取了台风“浣熊”影响下的近地风速，研究了“浣熊”台风影响下格构式塔架结构的近地脉动风速随平均风速的变化规律，同时得出在“浣熊”台风作用下，脉动风速概率密度函数与高斯分布曲线吻合较好。
The wind speeds near ground influenced by typhoon "Neoguri" are obtained at the field measurement site of Tongji university around Pudong International Airport, and the variation regularity of fluctuating wind speeds near ground with mean wind speed at the lattice tower structure is studied under the influence of typhoon "Neoguri" . At the same time,it can be obtained that the probability density function of fluctualting wind speed near ground is in good agreement with Gaussian distribution curve under the impact of typhoon.

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目前关于风电可信容量的研究存在风速模型和可靠性指标的选取缺少依据的问题。为此，比较了实测风速法、实测风速均值法、概率抽样法、时间序列分析法所产生的风速序列用于发电系统可靠性评估效果的差异，并分析原因。结合well-being框架内的风险、临界、健康状态的概率、频率、持续时间及失负荷量等可靠性指标，分别应用于风电可信容量评估。利用基于序贯蒙特卡洛模拟的可信容量求解方法，通过加入风电的IEEE-RTS算例，结合2种风速场景，对比分析了不同风速模型和可靠性指标对发电系统可靠性和风电容量可信度评估的影响，并针对评估需求给出选用建议。
At present the research on wind power capacity credit is pressed for a foundation in the selection of wind speed models and reliability indices. For this reason, we compare the effects of using observed wind speeds, average observed wind speeds, probability sampling, and time series analysis to assess the reliability of wind integrated generating systems, and the reasons causing the differences are analyzed. Reliability indices such as the probability, frequency, duration, and the amount of lost load under the at-risk, marginal, and healthy states in the well-being framework are applied to the assessment of wind power capacity credit, respectively. Using the solving method for capacity credit based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation, and through the wind integrated IEEE-RTS combining with two scenarios of wind speed, the impacts of different wind speed models and reliability indices on reliability of generating systems and wind power capacity credit are contrasted and analyzed, and a

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新疆750kV乌鲁木齐～哈密输电线路利用沿线气象站和铁路测风站的实测风速数据，分析了本研究区内的10min平均风速、月平均风速、各风向频率及最大瞬时风速、大风危害，并建立了10min平均最大风速与瞬时最大风速的回归方程，求得铁路的测风站的最大风速，考虑到线路的走向、地形和微地貌等因素对线路设计风速的影响，对新疆750kV乌鲁木齐～哈密输电线路的设计风速提出了建议，供设计参考。
By statistical analysis of the weather station characteristics and the railway weather station along the 750kV transmission line of Xinjiang province. Finding that the basic characteristics of the area wind. The analysis also gets the statistics relations of the annual maximum 10-min averaged wind velocity at the height of 10 m above the station ground and the extreme wind speed. The rules give the design wind velocity for 750kV Urumqi??~Turpan?~Hami Transmission Line.

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文章在MATLAB GUI工具基础上，分析并设计了高频地波雷达风速信息反演软件。该软件用于从高频地波雷达模拟及实测回波谱数据中反演风速信息，包括海浪充分成长状态下的饱和风速以及海浪处于成长阶段下的非饱和风速。实践表明：该软件具有交互性强、参数与图形显示简明清晰、数据处理高效等特点。
Based on the MATLAB GUI, a software for reversing wind speed of HF ground-wave radar is discussed and designed. This software is aimed at reversing wind speed information from simulated and measured HF ground-wave radar sea echo data, including both the well-generated and developing sea states. Seen from the applied results, this software possesses the merits of strong interaction, precise display of parameters and figures, and high efficiency of data processing.

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