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三次采油是国家重点科技攻关项目，而化学驱油则是三次采油的主攻技术。化学驱油是向地层中注入化学物质，改变地层渗透率、岩石润湿性和驱替相黏度，因此注入液既能减小流度比又能增大毛细管数，从而使驱油效率和波及系数增加，达到提高原油采收率的目的。主要介绍碱驱、聚合物驱、表面活性剂驱、复合驱四种驱油技术的机理、研究进展、应用现状。对各种方法进行了评价和比较，并对化学驱油技术今后的发展提出了建议。
Tertiary oil recovery is the national key science and technology project, and chemical flooding is the main technology of tertiary oil recovery. Chemical flooding is injecting chemicals into the formation, to change formation permeability, wettability and displaced phase viscosity. So the injection can reduce the mobility ratio and increase the number of capillary, so that the oil displacement efficiency and ripple coefficient increase to achieve the goal of improving oil recovery. In this paper, the mechanism, research progress and application status of alkaline flooding, polymer flooding, surfactant flooding and combination flooding were introduced. And all methods were evaluated and compared, and some suggestions on development of chemical flooding were put forward.

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运用组合长岩心驱替实验评价方法，通过衰竭过程溶解气驱实验测试、注水驱替实验测试、注外输气/注水组合驱替方式实验测试、以及注液化气前置段塞+外输气驱油效果实验测试，对WZ11-7低渗油田注水、注气、注液化气前置段塞等不同驱替方式开发效果的可行性进行评价，探索不同驱替方式对WZ11-7低渗油田的适应性。得到：衰竭方式开采驱油效率仅能达到32.95%，注水保压驱替采出程度为63.14%，注伴生气非混相驱再后续水驱累计采出程度为57.09%；注液化气段塞+外输气驱采出程度达65.26%。所得认识可以为我国海上低渗复杂断块油田提高采收率技术的发展提供技术参考。
By using the combination of long core displacement experimental evaluation method, through dissolved gas drive experi-mental test of depletion process, water drive experimental test, combined displacement method experimental test of transportation gas injection and water injection, pre-slug by liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) injection and oil displacement experimental test by transportation gas injection, this paper evaluated the feasibility of development effects of different pre-slug displacement methods in WZ11-7 low permeability oilfield, such as water flooding, gas injection, LPG injection. Accordingly, the adaptability of different displacement methods to WZ11-7 oilfield was explored. According to the results, the oil displacement efficiency of depleted pro-duction method was just 32.95 %, the recovery degree of water flooding pressure maintenance was 63.14 %, the cumulative recov-ery degree of water flooding after associated gas injection was 57.09 %, while the recovery d

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根据石油开发过程的方式，将石油开发分成三个阶段：一次采油、二次采油和三次采油。在一次采油和二次采油后，为了进一步提高原油采收率，需要进行三次采油。三次采油主要有化学驱、气驱、热力采油驱和微生物驱。表面活性剂驱油技术是化学驱中的一种重要驱油方式，本文介绍了表面活性剂的分类、驱油机理、技术要求、注入参数和在三次采油中的应用，同时对表面活性剂在油田开发中的应用提出了几点建议。
According to the way of oil development process, the oil development can be divided into three stages: primary oil recovery, secondary oil recovery and tertiary oil recovery. After a recovery and the secondary oil recovery, in order to further improve oil recovery, tertiary oil recovery is needed. Tertiary oil recovery are mainly chemical flooding and gas flooding, ther-mal recovery flooding and microbial flooding. Surfactant flooding technology is a kind of important chemical flooding in oil dis-placement. This paper introduces the classification of surfactants and oil displacement mechanism, technical requirements, in-jection parameters and the application in the tertiary oil recovery. At the same time, some suggestions of the application of surfactant in oil field development are put forward .

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以苏北CS油田阜三段油藏岩心为研究对象，进行CO2驱室内试验研究。PVT恒质膨胀试验表明，注CO2气可使地层原油黏度降低78.3%，体积膨胀系数提高69%；细管试验表明，MMP为26.62 MPa小于地层压力29.888 MPa，能够实现CO2混相驱；对比CO2持续气驱、完全水驱后转CO2驱、水气交替这三种驱替方式，长岩心驱替试验表明，在低渗透小断块油藏早期进行水气交替混相驱可延迟CO2突破时间，最终采收率可达80%以上，较水驱提高34.44%，为现场CO2驱替方式的优选提供了依据。
Focusing on core of Fu-3 section in CS oilfield of Northern Jiangsu, laboratory researches on CO2 displacements were carried out. PVT constant mass swelling tests show that by CO2 injecting, formation crude viscosity reduced by 78.3 % and volume expansion coefficient increased by 69 %. Slime tube tests show that when MMP is 26.62 MPa, less than formation pressure 29.888 MPa, CO2 miscible displacement can be realized. Comparing sustained CO2 displacement, CO2 displacement after completely water displacement and water alternating gas displacement these three displacement modes, long core tests show that water alternating gas displacement in the early stage of low permeability small block can delay the CO2 breakthrough time, so that the ultimate recov-ery can reach above 80 % and was 34.44 % more than flooding. Thereby, it provides references for the optimization of CO2 displace-ment modes.

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针对油田注水开发存在的问题及弹性微球调驱应用现状，利用激光粒度分析仪分析了弹性微球的粒径分布；利用填砂管岩芯（单管、长管、非均质双管、非均质三管）驱替实验，研究了弹性微球的封堵特性、运移能力、分流特性、驱油性能及聚驱后的深部调驱性能。结果表明，弹性微球粒径具有单峰分布特征，服从威布尔分布；弹性微球可在岩芯中不断运移和封堵，具有良好的深部调驱性能；弹性微球可选择性封堵高渗层，用于非均质岩芯调驱分别提高采收率16．11％（低渗管）、11．28％（中渗管）和5．02％（高渗管），说明弹性微球可改善中低渗层及高渗层中低渗区的波及状况和驱替效果，有效提高采收率；聚驱后弹性微球调驱比单一聚驱提高采收率5．73％，具有良好的聚驱后深部调驱效果。
According to the problems of water flooding and the application status of elastic microspheres profile control and flooding,the particle size distribution of elastic microspheres was analyzed using laser particle size analyzer;using sandpack core(single tube sandpack,long sandpack,heterogeneous two-tube sandpacks,heterogeneous three-tube sandpacks)displace-ment experiments,the plugging property,migration capacity,diversion property,oil displacing performance and deep profile control and flooding property after polymer flooding of elastic microspheres were studied. The results show that the particle size of elastic microspheres bears a typical single-peak distribution character obeying Weibull Distribution;elastic microspheres can migrate and plug in sandpacks gradually,which indicate that elastic microspheres have deep displacement performance;elastic microspheres can plug high permeability layer selectively which can be applied to heterogeneous sandpacks,with the enhanced oil recovery

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CO2排放量的增加会导致全球气温上升，若能收集CO2并注入油层，则能通过CO2驱油提高原油采收率。CO2驱分为混相驱和非混相驱，混相驱的采收率可达95%。但是，CO2驱油后期的气体突破会产出大量气体，排放到空气中还会造成污染。如果将产出气分离、提纯为纯净的CO2再注入地层，则会增加经济成本。国内外专家在采用纯CO2驱提高原油采收率方面已建立了非纯CO2的最小混相压力计算模型，但在混有烃类和氮气的产出气对提高原油采收率的影响方面研究较少。因此，研究CO2驱不同组成的产出气对驱油体系的相态、最小混相压力以及驱油效率的影响对设计CO2驱产出气回注方案具有参考价值。
The CO2 emissions increase will lead to rising global temperatures, if can collect CO2 andinjected into the reservoir, it can through the CO2 flooding to enhance oil recovery. The CO2 driveis divided into miscible and immiscible flooding, up to 95% recovery of miscible displacement.However, CO2 gas flooding later breakthrough will produce a great amount of gas emission to the air will also cause pollution. If the gas separation and purification for pure CO2 and then injected into the stratum, it will increase the economic cost. Domestic and foreign experts in using pure CO2flooding to enhance the crude oil recovery ratio has established minimum miscible pressure calculation model of non pure CO2, but in the mixed hydrocarbons and nitrogen gas on the outputless influence of enhanced oil recovery. Therefore, to study the effect of different composition ofCO2 drive output gas on oil displacement system phase, the minimum miscibility pressure and oil displacement efficiency of CO

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为描述地下CO2驱渗流机理及混相/非混相驱替特征，选取SF6作为CO2驱气体示踪剂，利用气体示踪响应曲线解释原理，从示踪剂曲线的注入体积、曲线峰值、峰宽、药剂回采率及后续曲线预测等角度，描述CO2在混相/非混相驱状态下的驱替特征。结果表明：CO2在混相/非混相驱状态下示踪剂响应曲线不同，示踪剂见剂峰值浓度对应PV数越小、峰宽越小、回采率越低、预测模型系数越小，则CO2混相驱特征越明显，反之为非混相驱替特征，而非混相特征的出现，将加速CO2与原油的两相分离，降低驱油效率。CO2驱油过程示踪监测对于掌握CO2地下渗流状态，提高驱油效果具有极为重要的矿场指导意义。
In order to describe the characters of the miscible and immiscible CO2 flooding,the SF6 is chosen as the gas tracer. According to the principle of tracer response,several parameters like PV,peak value of curve,the width of curve,the recovery rate of tracer and the forecasting of curve were taken into the description of the character of the miscible and immiscible CO2 flooding. The result in this paper illustrated that the curves of the tracer are different between miscible and immiscible driving. The tracer curve of miscible driving shows narrower the hump is,the lower recovery of the tracer,the smaller the forecasting coefficient. On the contrary,in immiscible CO2 flooding,oil and gas will be separated and the recovery rate of oil will decrease sharply. So,the flooding states can be detected by monitoring the gas tracer during CO2 flooding and the findings will improve the recovery rate of oil.

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辽河油田锦16块实施二元复合驱以来，仍存在部分注入井单层吸液量过大，使注入液在各层中的推进速度不一致，从而导致相应的采油井聚合物质量浓度上升较快的问题。通过室内驱替实验，采用均质岩心和非均质岩心，对比不同段塞组合的等流度二元驱驱油方法在非均质岩心上的驱油效果。结果表明，在相同聚合物用量和总注入孔隙体积倍数条件下，在三层非均质岩心上等流度驱油方法比常规单段塞驱油方法化学驱采出程度高出3.54%；多段塞等流度驱油方法可以明显提高中、低渗层分流率，降低高渗层分流率。因此，合理段塞组合等流度二元驱油方法可有效提高高渗透非均质油藏的采收率。
Since the implementation of SP Flooding in Jin 1 6 block of Liaohe oilfield,there are still some problems existing in some inj ection wells.For example,the monolayer liquid absorption amount is too large and front advance velocity in each layer is not uniform,which resulted in the faster rising of polymer concentration in production wells.In order to evaluate the SP flooding effect of different size slug combination with equi-mobility, SP flooding experiments were conductedusing homogeneous and heterogeneity core.The results showed that the oil recovery of Equi-mobility Displacement method was 3.54% higher than the conventional single slug SP flooding when the polymer and surfactant were used with the same dosage. Equi-mobility the diversion rate of the medium and low permeability layer can be obviously improved when the displacement method was uesd.Conversely,the high permeability layer was reduced.Therefore,a reasonable combination of different size equi-mobility SP slug ca

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为解决输电线鸟害问题研制了声光电子驱鸟器.本文介绍了声光电子驱鸟器的设计思路及解决方案,介绍了驱鸟器电路方框图、硬件电路及工作流程,给出了声光电子驱鸟器的技术参数及技术特点,并总结了在驱鸟器研制过程中积累下的经验.
In order to solve the problem of bird damage on transmission line, electronic device of driving birds be developed.This paper introduces the design idea and the solutions of the electronic device of driving birds, introduces the block diagram、the hardware circuit and the work processes of the circuit, gives the technical parameters and technical features of the electronic device of driving birds, and sums up the experience in the development process.

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鸟害已经成为油菜减产的重要原因之一。详述了油菜田鸟害发生特点,提出了防鸟措施：人畜驱鸟,架设防鸟网,撒毒饵诱杀,采用闪光带技术驱鸟,声音驱鸟,化学驱鸟剂等。
In recent years , the bird damage has become one of the most important reasons of rape yield reduction.This paper describes the characteristics of bird damage and control methods , puts forward measures against bird damage:driv-ing birds away,erecting anti-bird netting,sprinkle bait,using flash technology ,sound,chemical bird-expulsion etc.

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