美国著名黑人女性作家艾丽斯·沃克提出"妇女主义"这一概念,将黑人女性身份的建构从白人女性主义话语、黑人男性传统话语的从属地位中分离出来,开启了黑人女性性别、阶级及种族三重身份建构的历程,突显了以黑人妇女为出发点的黑人女性主义思想。在多元文化并存的时代,中国国内对艾丽斯·沃克的黑人女性主义思想的接受和影响研究日趋成熟,研究的视野更加广泛,影响也更加深远。

Alice Walker’s womanism separates the black women’s identity construction from the white feminism and the black men’s writing tradition.It opens a new stage for the black women’s identity construction from sex,class and race perspectives,which highlights Walker’s womanism.In the multi-cultural era,Alice Walker’s womanism has been studied and spread in China with wider scopes and profound influence.

艾丽斯·沃克被称为“黑人妇女的辩护士”，有着强烈的黑人女性意识，从其作品中可窥见一斑。本文通过分析《梅丽迪安》中对黑人女性生存状况的描述﹑独立﹑反叛的黑人女性形象的塑造以及对黑人民俗的自觉运用，揭示作品中的黑人女性意识。

Alice Walker,called“the apologist for black women”,has strong black female consciousness,which we can have a glimpse of from her works. The thesis analyses the portrayal of existential state of the black women,the creation of the independent and rebellious female images and the usage of the black folklore in the novel Meridian ,exposing the black female consciousness embodied in it.

作为黑人女性代表作家,艾丽丝·沃克受到了黑人音乐,尤其是黑人音乐代表形式——蓝调对其创作的影响。她的短篇小说集《爱与烦恼:黑人妇女故事》在叙事上糅合了蓝调"对唱"、"重复"、"开放的结尾"的创作特征。蓝调创作特征的运用使沃克的小说叙事有节奏感,强烈地渲染气氛,意犹未尽、发人深省。

As a representative of black female novelists,Alice Walker is influenced by black music,espe-cially its popular form-blues.Walker owes much debt to blues’three common characteristics of“call and response”“varied repetition”and“open ending”in the narration of her collection of short stories In love and Trouble:Stories of Black Women.By using such musical narrative techniques,Walker makes her writing rhythmic,affectionate and inspiring.

《宠儿》是著名的非洲裔美国作家托尼·莫里森的代表作,小说塑造了四种不同类型的黑人女性形象,真实反映了美国黑人妇女饱受歧视和压迫的生存状态和她们觉醒后奋起抗争的艰难历程,同时也揭示了造成黑人女性悲剧的根源。

Beloved is the representative of Toni Morrison,who is a famous American black female writer. Through four types of different female protagonists in this novel,Morrison truly depicts American black women’s miserable experiences and their difficult process of struggling,which also reveals the causes of their tragedy.

以朱迪斯·巴特勒肇始创立的酷儿理论,其消解人类性/别二元对立的主张,较好地诠释了艾丽丝·沃克在《紫色》中塑造的三位黑人女性的流动的性相,有助于深入理解作品对黑人女性性态的描写,揭露异性恋男权体制对黑人妇女的压迫的思想。酷读作品,为我们展示了黑人女性处于主流文化的边缘的边缘,为了生存,她们相互团结,结成牢固的友谊,最后走出了传统的桎梏,确立了身份,建立了新的、和谐的人际关系的艰难而曲折的图景。

The essential idea of queer theory created by Judith Butler is deconstructing the dichotomy of gender and sexuality,it helps to explain and understand three black females’flexible sexuality and the sexual description in Alice walker’s novel Color Purple,and also exposes the oppression of heterosexual hegemony to black women.Studying Color Purple with the queer theory brings to light that the black females are on the bor-der of the fringe margin rim of the main society.In order to survive,they have to help each other,unite to-gether and form the profound friendship,at last,break up the shackles of the tradition,and establish their new identity and harmonious relationship in the black society.