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双语推荐：2000大地坐标系

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2000中国大地坐标系（ CGCS2000）是我国新启用的地心坐标系，但我国目前用以测图及工程规划、设计以及其他用途的地图坐标系一般又都是基于北京54坐标系或1980西安坐标系。如何将这些坐标系转换到2000国家坐标系是当前必须解决的问题。本文就西安80坐标系到2000国家坐标系之间的转换的基础理论和方法进行了研究，给出了基于ArcGIS环境下将1980西安坐标系转换到2000中国大地坐标系的有效解决办法。
China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 ( CGCS 2000 ) is the newly used coordinate system , while the commonly used coor-dinate system for surveying and mapping and project palnning is Beijing Geodetic Coordinate System 1954 or Xi''an Geodetic Coordinate System 1980 .Therefore the transformation of these systems has to be solved .The paper studies the basic theory and method of trans-formation from Xi''an 80 to CGCS 2000 and offers the solutions to the transformation in ArcGIS environment .

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为了使新疆某铜矿1980西安坐标系转换到2000国家大地坐标系(CGCS2000),利用IGS站数据进行GPS联测,通过GAMIT/GLOBK等专业软件进行基线和坐标解算,实现1980西安坐标系向WGS-84坐标系再到CGCS2000坐标系的转换。
In order to make the realization of coordinate conversion of Xinjiang copper mine ,this paper uses the global IGS station data to calculate the value of baselines and coor-dinates with the professional software such as GAMIT/GLOBK .Through like that ,we real-ize the transformation from the 80 coordinates to WGS-84 coordinates then to CGCS2000 co-ordinates .

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基于芜湖独立坐标系与2000国家大地坐标系之间的公共点坐标值,利用EPS地理信息工作站包含的坐标转换软件所选取的平面四参数转换模型计算出芜湖独立坐标系转为CGCS2000的转换参数,然后编写EPS转换脚本实现基础测绘数据从芜湖独立坐标系到2000国家大地坐标系之间的转换工作。EPS脚本语言遵循VBScript和JScript语言标准,支持用户在EPS平台上进行二次开发,利用EPS坐标转换脚本完成基础测绘数据转换可以使转换数据无丢失,转换精度高。
In this paper we use coordinate transformation software in EPS GIS workstation to select plane four param -eters transformation model to compute the transformation parameters between Wuhu independence coordinate reference system and CGCS 2000 based on the public points''coordinate values both in Wuhu independence coordinate reference system and the 2000 China Geodetic coordinate system ( CGCS 2000 ) .Then adopting EPS script to transform the basic surveying data with Wuhu independence coordinate reference system to CGCS 2000.EPS script follows the language standard of VBScript and JScript ,and supports second development on EPS platform .Using EPS coordinate transforma-tion script makes the data not to be lose and with high accuracy .

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利用高精度的GPS水准数据、重力数据、数字地形模型和EGM 2008地球重力场模型,采用移去-恢复技术进行芜湖市1 400 km2似大地水准面精化。分别采用芜湖市坐标转换重合点,利用二维高斯平面坐标转换模型,建立了芜湖市2000国家大地坐标系与1980西安坐标系、1954年北京坐标系及芜湖独立坐标系的坐标转换模型,并且新建了芜湖2000独立坐标系。综合利用多种现代拟合方法完成了分辨率为2.5''×2.5'',高精度、高分辨率的芜湖市似大地水准面模型的计算,模型拟合精度达到±1.1 cm,外部检核精度达到±1.3 cm。
This paper discuss about using high-precision GPS leveling data ,gravity data ,digital terrain models ,EGM 2008 Earth gravity field model and removed-recovery techniques in 1400 square kilometers quasi-geoid refinement of Wuhu City .We use coordinates coincident points of Wuhu city and two-dimensional Gaussian plane coordinate transfor-mation model to establish coordinate transformation model of geodetic coordinate system of Wuhu City 2000 ,Xi''an Coor-dinate System 1980 ,Beijing coordinate system 1954 and Wuhu independent coordinate system respectively .We compre-hensive utilize a variety of modern fitting method to complete the high-precision ,high-resolution quasi-geoid refinement of Wuhu city calculation with the complete resolution of 2.5′×2.5′,model fitting accuracy of ±1.1 cm external checking accuracy ±1.3cm.

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2000国家大地坐标系（ CGCS 2000）的启用，对原有的测绘成果将产生直接影响。为确保常用测量坐标系与CGCS 2000的衔接和转换，需要有效地整合原有的测绘基础数据，探究地方测量坐标系与CGCS 2000之间的转换方法，确定地方坐标系与CGCS 2000之间的联系。本文分析了石家庄市原有的基础测绘数据分析，提出了平面控制网整合方案和坐标整体转换方法。
China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 ( CGCS 2000 ) will have a direct impact on the results of surveying and mapping .In order to ensure connection and conversion of the measurement coordinate system and the CGCS 2000 , it is necessary to integrate effec-tively the original basic surveying data , explore the method of conversion between local coordinate system with the CGCS 2000 and de-termine the connection from local coordinate system and the CGCS 2000 .The paper analyses the basic surveying and mapping of the o-riginal data of Shijiazhuang , puts forward the plan of plane control network integration and the method of overall transformation of the coordinate .

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CGCS2000(2000国家大地坐标系)建立城市城建坐标系,对各地区均是一次坐标系整合提升的好机会,通过建立高等级、多坐标系、统一的GNSS控制网,建立基于CGCS2000的城市城建坐标系统,同时解决新旧坐标系统转换的问题。由于城建坐标系需要考虑边长投影变形的问题,设置自定义中央子午线是一种简便的解决方法,此种有特殊定义的坐标系统仍然属于一种相对独立坐标系统,这种独立坐标系统与国家坐标系统保持了最大的一致,可以无精度损失地、方便地转换到国家坐标系统中。本文就建立基于CGCS2000的珠海市相对独立坐标系进行探讨,并对珠海新旧坐标系转换可能产生的问题及处理方法进行探讨。
Based CGCS2000(2000 National Geodetic Coordinate System )establishing urban coordinate system ,is a good opportunity to upgrade about coordinate system ,through the establishment of GNSS-control network of high-level, multi-coordinate system,establishing coordinate system ,at the same time solve the problem of new and old coordinate system transformation ,Due to the coordinate system need to consider the deformation of side length problem ,Set the cus-tom central meridian is a simple solution ,this has a special definition of coordinate system still belongs to a kind of rela-tively independent coordinate system , this independent coordinate system and national coordinate system can keep the biggest consistency ,without loss of precision ,convenient to transition to the national coordinate system ,this paper is built based on CGCS2000 zhuhai relatively independent coordinate system were discussed ,and the zhuhai coordinate system transformation between the old and the new possible probl

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基于二维七参数平面坐标转换方法，采用间接平差方法来计算不同大地基准下的坐标转换参数。同时利用浙江省GPS基础控制网数据，计算出浙江省范围内从1980年西安坐标系向2000国家大地坐标系的坐标转换参数，以浙江省1∶10000基础地理信息数据库的转换实验为例，得出该转换方法可以在无大地高、无空间直角坐标转换计算的情况下，实现省级区域内基础地理信息数据在不同基准下的大地坐标直接转换。实验结果表明，该方法简单有效，其坐标转换精度符合要求。
This article introduces the coordinate system conversion methods based on the 2-D seven parameters mod-el.The transformation parameters under different geodetic datum were calculated by the method of indirect adjustment. We used Zhejiang GPS geodetic network data and calculated the transformation parameters between Xian1980 and CGCS2000.Take example for transforming the 10000 fundamental geographic database of Zhejiang province,the 2-D seven parameters model could perform coordinates transformation of different geodetic datum across provincial bounda-ries.The results showed that the method is effective and the transformation accuracy of coordinate are also well.

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由于测量技术的限制以往描述空间点的位置通常用平面坐标和高程坐标来表示,随着空间大地测量技术的不断发展,为了避免二维坐标描述的弊端,实现更科学的描述动态的地球,世界各个国家都在完善各自的大地坐标系和它相应的坐标,我国在2008年7月1日启动了国家2000坐标系。地心坐标系统及其框架正在逐渐取代以往的传统的非地心大地坐标系统及其框架。
Due to the limitations of measurement technology, in the past, the location of spatial point is usually represented by the plane coordinate and elevation coordinate. With the continuous development of space geodetic measurement techniques, in order to avoid the drawbacks of the two-dimensional coordinates and achieve a more scientific description of the dynamic Earth, all the countries are improving their geodetic coordinate system and its corresponding coordinates. In July 1, 2008, China started the 2000 national coordinate system. The conventional non-traditional geocentric geodetic coordinate system and its framework are gradually replaced by the geocentric coordinate system and its framework.

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建立达州市中心城区CGCS2000坐标系时,投影变形值已经大于2.5cm/km,需要根据城市中心离中央子午线的距离和城市平均高程面,确定了建立达州市相对独立坐标系的方案,通过边长的高程归化和高斯投影改化,最终解算出地方椭球基于2000国家大地坐标系的椭球参数。
In the process of establishing Dazhou center city relatively independent coordi-nate system based on CGCS2000 ,considering the length distortion is more than 2.5 cm/km , therefore ,according to the distance from urban centre to median meridian and urban average level datum ,the paper discussed the scheme to the establishment of Dazhou center city rela-tively independent coordinate system .Finally ,the paper calculated the ellipsoidal parameters of local ellipsoid based on 2000 national geodetic coordinate system ,through the side eleva-tion reduction and Gauss projection correction .

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自2011年7月1日起，海南连续运行卫星定位综合服务系统（简称HiCORS ）正式进入试运行阶段，并向用户提供CGCS2000坐标服务。但目前，海南省测绘局所提供的数据均采用海南平面坐标系，这给海南省使用CGCS2000坐标服务的用户带来了很大的不便。因此，本文提出了一种将海南平面坐标下的数据转换为2000国家大地坐标系下的方法，并通过实例验证了这种转换方法可行且精度较高。
Since July 1, 2011, Hainan continuous operation GPS integrated service system (HiCORS) officially entered trial opera-tion.It is providing users with CGCS2000 coordinate services.Currently, the data provided by Hainan Provincial Bureau of Surveying and Mapping is under the Hainan plane coordinate system which is different from CGCS 2000 and cause inconvenience toCGCS 2000 us-ers.Therefore, this paper presents a method which can convert the local plane coordinate into geographic coordinate in GCGS 2000 with high precision and verifies the feasibility of this conversion method through examples .

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