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双语推荐：B炸药

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论述了一级轻气炮加载实验测试系统用于研究微秒量级炸药安全性的可行性、实验原理、实验方法、数据采集及处理等问题。以某模拟炸药为例，用本测试系统对其开展了发射安全性实验研究，并与铸装B炸药和压装B炸药的大型落锤加载装置的实验结果进行了对比。结果表明，一级轻气炮加载实验测试系统研究微秒量级炸药安全性的实验方法能够实现对炸药装药撞击起爆基本现象的定性、定量观测与表征。
Introduction is given on the feasibility, principles, methods, data acquisition and processing of one-stage light gas gun loading experiment system for launch safety of explosives. We took some simulative explosive as an example to do experimental studies by this loading ex-periment system, and compared the experimental data with results of drop hammer experiment for B explosives ( cast and pressed) . Results show that the basic phenomena could be observed in microsecond scale by one-stage light gas gun loading experiment system about the impact ignition of explosive charges.

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采用ANSYS程序APDL参数化设计语言，建立了炸药力学性能细观尺度仿真模型，选取B炸药作为验证对象，计算了其弹性模量和泊松比，结果与文献相吻合。在此基础上，进一步研究了炸药颗粒的粒径变化对于其有效弹性性能的影响。结果表明：即使不考虑炸药颗粒的详细粒径分布，也能得到满足工程精度的计算结果。
The ANSYS parametric design language was used to established the mesoscale representative volume element( RVE) model to estimate effective elastic properties including elastic modulus and Poisson′s ratio of explosive B. Results show that the calculated results agree with that from the literature. The influence of particle size distribution on effective elastic properties was al-so studied,and it can be inferred that the model can predict the effective elastic properties without the particle distribution,and the error between the calculation results and the experimental results is less than 10%.

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为研究炸药对定向式动能杆飞散速度的影响规律,以非线性动力分析软件LS-DYNA为工具,分别对PENT,Deta?sheet-C,C4炸药,TNT,B炸药和8701共6种不同炸药对定向式动能杆的飞散速度进行数值模拟研究,得出炸药的密度、爆速和爆压对动能杆飞散速度的影响规律.实验得到Detasheet-C装药下动能杆的飞散速度,仿真结果与试验结果基本吻合,可为此类战斗部的设计提供参考.
In order to research the effect of explosive on disperse velocity of directed KE?rod,six different sorts of explosive such as PENT,Detasheet?C,explosive C4,TNT,explosive B and 8701,were used by directed kinetic?rod warhead to make numerical simulation with the non?linear and dynamic finite program of LS?DYNA. The influence of explosive density,exploding speed and pressure on disperse velocity of KE?rod was analyzed. The KE?rod velocity of explosive Detasheet?C was obtained,and the numerical simulation agrees well with the experimental result. The result of numerical simulation can provide valuable reference for the design of KE?rod warhead.

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选取3，4，5-三硝基吡唑（TNP）为“母体”结构单元，用爆炸基团如硝基、硝氨基、偶氮和氧化偶氮基等对其1位氮原子上的氢原子进行消除修饰，构建一类新型多硝基吡唑类炸药分子。运用Brinkley—Wilson（B—W）法则，Rothsteine’S和Kamlet等方法对该类炸药的爆炸参数进行了计算，并与RDX和HMX等炸药进行了比较。结果表明，该类炸药密度大，爆速为7．9～9．3km·S^-1，爆压为29．0～42．0GPa，是一类新型高能量密度材料化合物，该类炸药分子中含芳香吡唑环，预测其分子稳定性良好。
New polynitropyrazole explosive molecules were designed with 3, 4, 5-trinitropyrazole (TNP) as “matrix” structural unit using energetic groups including nitro, nitramino, azo and azoxy, as substitute of the acidic hydrogen atom TNP.And the explosion parameters of designed explosives were calculated by Brinkley-Wilson( B-W) rule for explosion decomposition products, Rothsteine′s method for detonation velocity and Kamlet method for C-J pressure.And the calculated results were compared with those of RDX and HMX.It indicates show that the designed explosives are a new class of high energy density compounds ( HEDMC) with high density, detonation velocity and detonation pressure which are close to RDX even HMX.The stability of designed explosive molecules are predicted favorable, due to pyrazole ring with aromaticity in the molecules, with aromaticity.

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膨化硝铵炸药中加入柴油，在降低返粉率的同时，也降低了炸药性能。在炸药爆炸基本理论和科学试验的基础上，分别研究了柴油配比与炸药性能及返粉率的关系，绘制了关系曲线，最后通过分析三者的综合关系，得到了确定最优柴油配比的方法。研究结果表明：炸药的氧平衡、爆热和爆速均随柴油配比的增加而降低；返粉率曲线可分为AB（返粉率明显下降）、BC（不明显下降）和CD（维持定值）三个阶段；柴油配比不应超过10％；当qmax处于CD之间时，柴油配比应取C值，处于BC之间时，柴油配比取值应尽量接近B值，处于AB之间时，柴油配比应取qmax。
Adding diesel into expanded ammonium nitrate explosive could decrease the return fine rate,but which also decreased the explosive performance. Based on the basic theory and scientific tests of explosive explosion, the relationship between the diesel ratio and the explosive performance,as well as the return fine rate was studied. At the same time,the relationship curves were drawn. Finally,by discussing the comprehensive relationship,the method to determine the optimal diesel ratio was obtained. The results showed that,with the increase of diesel ratio,the oxy-gen balance,heat of explosive and detonation velocity were decreased;the return fine rate curve was divided into three phases as AB( decline obviously),BC( not remarkably)and CD( maintain);the diesel ratio should be less than 10%;when qmax was in CD,the diesel fuel ratio should be taken as the value of C;when it was in BC,which should be taken as close to the value of B;and the value of qmax should be taken when it was i

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通过野外静爆试验，采用高速摄影技术观测液固复合燃料空气炸药（FAE）云雾发展过程，研究燃料种类和比药量对液固复合燃料空气炸药云雾状态的影响。结果表明：液态燃料为B燃料时，云雾均匀性更好；在一定范围内，比药量只影响燃料轴向分散。实验证明：液态燃料为B燃料时的液固复合燃料，比药量为2．50％左右时，获得的云团状态最佳。
In field static explosive test,the cloud dispersion of liquid-solid fuel air explosive (FAE)was observed by the high-speed photography.The effects of the fuel type and specific central explosive on cloud status of liquid-solid FAE were presented.The results indicate that better cloud status could be gained by B fuel.To some extent,the fuel dispersion in the direction of axis is subjected to specific central explosive.It is concluded that the ideal cloud state of liquid-solid FAE can be obtained when fuel type is B and specific central explosive is about 2.50%.

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采用自行研制的药柱撞击感度试验装置，对B炸药在不同装药尺寸、装药密度和装药状态下的撞击响应进行了试验研究，探讨了不同装药条件对其落锤撞击响应的影响规律，分析了产生原因。结果表明：对于B炸药，在相同直径条件下，起爆阈值随着药柱厚度的增大而增大；接近理论密度时，撞击感度对装药密度的变化并不敏感；撞击刺激下不同物态的响应敏感性有显著差异，药粉感度远大于药柱感度。
[ ABSTRACT] In order to investigate the influence of charge size, charge density and state of charge on impact response of composition B, the impact sensitivity of composition B was researched by aself-developed impact device. Effects of charge conditions on the low-velocity impact response of composition B were discussed. The causes of the influence rules were also analyzed. The results suggest that, with the same diameter, the shock threshold of composition B was increased with the increasing of grainsthickness. It was also found that the impact sensitivity was not sensitive to the change of charge density when it approaches to the theoretical density. Moreover, the impact sensitivity of different states presents a remarkable difference that the impact sensitivity of powder is all far over the impact sensitivity of grain.

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为寻求可替代TNT用于熔铸炸药的液相载体,研究绘制了1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)与3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)混合物的二元相图,并表征了最低共熔物的热安定性、感度、能量性能、渗油性等。结果表明:当TNAZ与DNTF质量比为60/40时为最低共熔物,其共熔点为79.0℃;最低共熔物热分解温度高、热安定性好,机械感度适中,静电火花感度优于B炸药;70℃恒温放置6h不渗油,是一种具有潜力的可替代TNT的熔铸炸药。
A phase diagram of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine(TNAZ) and 3,4-dinitrofurazanofuroxan(DNTF) was drawn by Origin software. The thermal stability,sensitivity,energetic performance and the exudation of the eutectic mixture were characterized, in order to design a potential TNT replacement for melt-cast explosive.The results showed that when the weight percent of TNAZ was 60%,the mixture had the lowest melting point of 79.0℃.The eutectic mixture had good thermal stability, moderate mechanical sensitivity, its electrostatics sensitivity were superior to Comp.B. Furthermore, another advantage of eutectic mixture was that there was no exudates at 70℃ for 6h.The results indicated that the eutectic mixture was a potential replacement of TNT for melt-cast explosive.

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运用B-W法确定改性铵油炸药的爆炸反应方程式,用盖斯定律计算定容爆热,用加权法计算爆炸产物的摩尔定容热容,研究计算了露天型改性铵油炸药、岩石型改性铵油炸药、抗水岩石型改性铵油炸药爆热为-3777.00 kJ·kg-1、爆温为2771 K,比容为965.15 L·kg-1,一级煤矿许用改性铵油炸药、二级煤矿许用改性铵油炸药的爆热分别为-2567.69kJ·kg-1、-2312.09 kJ·kg-1,爆温依次为2257 K、2127K,比容为842.26 L·kg-1、817.06L·kg-1。
Based on B-W rule the explosion reaction equation of modified ANFO explosive were established. The constant volume explosion heat of modified ANFO explosive were calculated based on Hess law, and Specific Heat Capacity (SHC) of explosion products were calculated with the method of weighted averages. The result shows that constant volume explosion heat of opencast modified ANFO explosive, rock modified ANFO explosive and water resistant rock modified ANFO explosive is-3777.00 kJ· kg-1, the explosion temperature is 2771 K, Specific Volume is 965.15 L· kg-1, that constant volume explosion heat of the class I and II coal mine permissible modified ANFO explosive are-2567.69kJ· kg-1 and-2312.09 kJ· kg-1 respectively, the explosion temperature are 2257 K and 2127K respectively, Specific Volume are 842.26 L· kg-1 and 817.06L· kg-1 respectively.

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为实现尼龙射流对夹层装药的穿而不爆,利用非线性动力学分析软件AUTODYN-2D对尼龙射流冲击起爆夹层B炸药进行数值仿真,研究不同装药结构下尼龙射流对夹层装药的侵彻效果。结果表明,药型罩壁厚和锥角与射流u^2d值成正相关关系,装药长径比与射流u^2d值成负相关关系,尼龙射流冲击引爆夹层B炸药的u2d阈值约为20.939 mm^3/μs^2,对反爆炸式反应装甲（ERA）战斗部设计具有重要的参考价值。
In order to achieve the idea that sandwich explosive was penetrated but not detonated by nylon jet,numerical simulations of nylon jet initiating B explosive with shell were carried out by AUTODYN?2D software. The effect of different charges on the penetration results of sandwich explosive was studied. The results show that with the thickness and taper angle of liner increasing and the aspect ratio of charge decreasing,the value of jet’s u2d is increasing,The value of u2d of nylon jet penetrating sandwich explosive is about 20.939 mm3/μs2,which will provide important reference for the design of anti?ERA warhead.

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