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双语推荐：FIDIC合同条件

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随着全球经济一体化的进一步发展，在电气设备工程领域，工程项目的各个参与方都面临着国外企业的激烈竞争。合同在工程项目中的作用也由经济契约发展为一种管理方式，FIDIC合同条件的应用越来越广泛。本文以大量的实践调研和文献研究为前提，以我国市场经济建设为背景，讨论了FIDIC建造合同条件的特点以及在我国电气工程项目中的应用局限性，并根据其本土化应用的局限性，提出了针对性的建议。
With China''s accession to the WTO and the deepening of reform and opening up, all participants in electrical engineering projects are facing competition in both domestic and international markets. As an effective method for project management, the FIDIC contract is applied more widely. In this paper, after a lot of practice research and literature studies, in the context of China''s market economy, the construction characteristics of FIDIC contract conditions and limitations in the application of electrical equipment engineering projects are discussed, and corresponding countermeasures are put forward for the limitation of its application.

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为了改善我国工程计价与建设工程合同管理相脱节的现状,以长期合同理论为分析工具,对工程价款形成过程进行解析,并建立了工程价款分析框架,即形成—调整—支付,在此基础上,选择《FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件》为对象,对其合同价格的形成、合同价款的调整、工程价款的支付全过程及相关合同条款和国内合同范本对比分析,在验证该分析框架适用性的同时也为工程造价人员开展合同分析工作提供了借鉴。
In order to improve the China’s present situation of contract management being out of line with project valuation activities, this paper analyzes the formation process of construction price based on the theory of long-term contracts and establishes the framework of the construction payment analysis through theoretical analysis, namely"formation - adjustment - paymen". Based on the analytical framework above,"FIDIC conditions of contract for construction"was selected to analyze the formation of contract price, the adjustment of contract cost, the whole process of construction cost and the relevant terms compared to domestic contract models, aiming to verify the applicability of the analytical framework and to provide a reference for the similar analysis work for cost engineers.

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工程合同柔性作为一种应对项目不确定性的能力,能够有效地改善项目管理绩效。在工程项目管理研究领域中,针对工程合同柔性的研究,真正结合工程项目、工程合同特征的研究却很少见,因此,通过文献研究并且结合法经济学与契约经济学理论,深刻剖析工程合同柔性的本质是价格柔性;基于13版《施工合同范本》与FIDIC合同条件,阐明工程合同柔性条款运作机理,即工程合同柔性程度的改变主要是通过柔性点的数量以及同一柔性点责任与权利划分的原则来确定。
As a capacity to cope with project uncertainty,construction contractual flexibility plays a positive role in improving construction management performance. In the field of project management,the study on the construction contractual flexibility combined with the characteristics of the project is rare. Therefore, through literature research and combination with legal economics and contract economics theory,this paper analyzes the nature of the construction contractual flexibility which is price flexibility. Base on construction contract for construction project(model form)(GF-2013-0201)and FIDIC conditions of contract,this paper clarify operation mechanism of construction contractual flexibility terms,namely change of flexible degree for construction contract is through number of flexibility points and the division principles of responsibilities and rights for same flexibility point to determine.

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工程总承包是目前国际上一种主流的工程发包方式,与之相匹配的标准化合同文本也应运而生。这些标准化合同文本总体上采用总价方式,这为发挥工程总承包的优势创造了条件,但同时也限制了工程总承包的广泛应用。本文介绍了FIDIC的"银皮书",以及我国在2011年相继颁布的两个标准化工程总承包合同条件的特点和适用范围,并对其计价方式进行了分析,剖析了它们计价方式的收益或风险分配方式的特点以及适用范围,指出了在普遍推广应用中所面临的问题。特别的,为推动工程总承包合同条件计价方式的完善,提出了改进标准化合同条件计价方式的途径:构建介于单价合同与总价合同之间的计价方式,既保持总价合同对承包方激励作用,又充分发挥单价合同可对风险作合理分配的优势,以实现承发包双方的共赢。
Engineering general contract was one of these mainstream international engineering contracts. Besides, these standardized contarcts were arised at the same time and generally used lump-sum contract. Although this valuation method could take the advantage of engineering general contract, it might limit the application of the delivery method in a wider range. The paper introduced the silver leather book of FIDIC and characteristics, suitable areas and valuation method of these two standardization engineering general contracts promulgated by the Chinese government in 2011 were analyzed. Then characteristics of profit and risk distribution, as well as their scope of application were studied. These common problems in the popularization and application were pointed out. Especially, in order to promote the improvement of the engineering general contract condition, this research pointed out the way of improving the valuation method of standardized contract conditions. This research i

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为了更好发挥《标准设计施工总承包招标文件》的通用合同条款作为总承包示范文本对我国建筑市场的规范、引导作用,采用比较研究方法对标准设计施工招标文件通用合同条款与FIDIC永久设备和设计—建造合同条件的合同结构进行细致而系统的对比研究,甄别出通用合同条款中与我国行业环境相适应的优越条款,重点分析了两者在承包人、监理人、风险分配和索赔等条款设置上的差异与相同之处,并对差异产生的原因做了简要分析,最后分析其不足之处。
In order to make the general contract conditions in the standard design-build bidding documents play a better role in regulating,guiding the construction market,the paper executes a detailed and systematic comparative study of contract structure between the general contract conditions in the standard design-build bidding documents and FIDIC plant and design-build conditions by the comparative study method,and distinguish perfect terms of the general contract conditions that adapt with Chinese industry environment. In addition,the paper analyzes the differences and similarities in terms of the contractor,supervision, risk allocation and claim,then does a brief analysis to the causes of the difference,and analyzes its deficiencies.

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业主指定分包在中国现阶段的农业建设项目中较为普遍.基于业主视角,结合 FIDIC 施工合同条件和国内工程实践,分析指定分包与一般分包的区别;分析总结业主指定分包的内部原因和外部原因;提出我国农业建设项目中指定分包存在的四种模式,并分析各模式中风险集中的情况;分析指定分包的对业主的弊端;最后提出业主提高指定分包工程质量的措施建议.
@@@@The phenomenon of nominated subcontract is ubiquitous in China's current agricultural construction projects. Based on the own-ers' perspective, combined with FIDIC construction contract conditions and domestic engineering practice, differences between nominated subcontract and common subcontract are analyzed; Internal cause and external cause of nominated subcontract and the drawbacks to owner are summarized;Four models of nominated subcontract are raised;Risk concentration of each model are analyzed in agricultural construction projects in China;Finally measures for owners to improve the quality of nominated subcontract are proposed.

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清单计价模式的推广为不平衡报价的运用提供了可能，但对于不平衡报价法合法性问题，各地存在较大争议，有些地方在招标投标活动中禁止使用不平衡报价法。从FIDIC合同条件及国际工程承发包工程惯例来看，不平衡报价法作为一种比较成熟的投标报价技巧而为业界所认可。按合同法精神并结合我国实际情况，对不平衡报价法的合法性进行了论述，提出确认不平衡报价法应用的合法性对于我国招标投标相关活动的规范及相关制度的完善有着重大的现实意义。
Promotion of list valuation model has provided the possibility of the unbalanced bidding. But there is a controversy over the legitimacy of unbalanced bidding. In some places,the use of unbalanced bidding is prohibited. From the FIDIC conditions of contract and international project contracting engineering practices,unbalanced bidding methods are mature bidding skills and recognized by the industry. According to the spirit of contract law and combined with the actual situation in China,the rationality and legitimacy of unbalanced bidding methods are investigated. To confirm the legitimacy of unbalanced bidding methods for the standardization of tendering and bidding activities and perfect the related system are of great realistic significance.

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