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双语推荐：子囊

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本文对产生大豆北方茎溃疡病菌子囊壳的豆秆分别进行冷冻和水浸处理,发现2种处理均能促进成熟的子囊壳产孢,并且同一子囊壳经冷冻和水浸处理能够多次喷出子囊,释放子囊孢子,利用此特性有利于在不损失鉴定材料的前提下,多次获得分离物以完成病菌的分离鉴定,特别利于伴生其他真菌和子囊壳数量很少情况下,分离纯化大豆北方茎溃疡病菌。
In this paper,the soybean stems which produced perithecia of northern stem canker Diaporthe phaseolorum var.caulivora were frozen or water immersed.These two treatments were both found to promote mature perithecia sporulation,and the same perithecium could spray ascus many times after frozen or water immersion.Based on this feature,we could obtain sources for isolation many times,especially benefited for isolation of northern stem canker of soybean when the stem contaminated by other species fungi or only found few perithecium.

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分别以果桑肥大性菌核病菌和油菜菌核病菌的子囊孢子交叉接种油菜和果桑。结果表明，杯盘菌子囊孢子能够侵染油菜，同样，核盘菌子囊孢子能够侵染果桑；在受侵染的桑椹上2种病菌均产生分生孢子梗和分生孢子，而在油菜上不产生。显微镜观察，杯盘菌的子囊盘外囊被切面为圆胞组织结构，核盘菌为角胞组织结构。SRAP分子标记和聚类结果表明，采自西南地区果桑上的杯盘菌和油菜上核盘菌基本各自聚在一类，其中一个杯盘菌分离物和一个核盘菌分离物聚在一类，表现特别。2种寄主上的病菌子囊孢子能相互侵染，因而果桑和油菜不能间套种植。
The cross infection was studied between ascospores ofCiboria shiraiana causing hypertrophy sorosis sclerotenisis in mulberry andSclerotinia sclerotiorum causingSclerotinia stem rot in oilseed rap. Inoculation results showed that ascospores ofC. shiraiana infected oilseed rape, and ascospores ofS. sclerotiorum infected sorosis similarly. Conidia and conidiophores appeared in the infected sorosis byC. shiraianaand S. sclerotiorum, but did not appear in the infected oilseed rape. The cross section showed a structure of capsule ascus round cell inC. shiraianaunder microscope, but the texture angularity inS. sclerotiorm. Clustering based on SRAP of isolates from southwest areas showedC. shiraiana isolates from sorosis was classified into one group, andS. sclerotiorm isoplates from oilseed rape into a second group, with an except where oneC. shiraiana isolate and oneS. sclerotiorm isolate were clustered into an additional group. Cross infection of the two host plants by these two p

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为了解鄂西北小麦主产区小麦全蚀病的变种类型,采用单孢分离法,根据病原菌培养性状、形态学特征、致病性及分子生物学特性对鄂西北4个不同县(市)小麦全蚀病病原菌进行了鉴定。结果表明:小麦茎基部叶鞘内侧成熟的全蚀病菌子囊壳黑色,光亮,圆形;子囊棒状,无色,(68.5~122)μm×(9.2~15)μm;子囊孢子线形,无色,稍弯,(73~92.5)μm×(2.8~4)μm,一般7~9个隔膜;经16srDNA测序和PCR检测,小麦全蚀病病原菌为小麦变种(G.graminis var.tritici)和禾谷变种(G.graminis var.graminis),以小麦变种占主导地位;G.graminis var.tritici菌株致病力较强。
The pathogenic bacteria of wheat take-all disease from four counties (cities)in Northwest Hubei were identified by single-spore isolation method according to culture character, morphological characteristics,pathogenicity and molecular biological characteristics to study the variant types of wheat take-all disease in main producing area of Northwest Hubei.The results showed that the perithecium, ascus and ascospore from mature take-all pathogenic bacteria on the stem base of wheat plants was light black and roundness,colorless and rod-like(68.5~122)μm×(9.2~15)μm and colorless and linear with slightly bend and 7~9 diaphragms.The DNA sequence and PCR detection showed that the pathogenic bacteria of wheat take-all disease were G.graminis var.tritici with predominance and G.graminis var. graminis.with strong pathogenicity.

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通过显微观察和核糖体DNA转录间隔区( ITS)序列分析对引起乌鲁木齐地区三角荨麻白粉病的病原进行了鉴定。病原菌的分生孢子梗顶端产生一个椭圆形的分生孢子,分生孢子(18.75~23.75)μm ×(31.25~43.75)μm；黑褐色、球形的闭囊壳嵌在叶表面的菌丝体中,直径为87.5~143.75μm；每个闭囊壳中有6或8个子囊,子囊无柄,大小为(25~43.75)μm ×(37.5~68.75)μm,每个子囊中有4或5个子囊孢子,每个子囊孢子(18.75~21.88)μm ×(25~31.25)μm。采用真菌ITS通用引物,扩增病菌rDNA ITS,测序及进化分析后发现,其ITS序列与伊朗异株荨麻白粉病菌(登录号AB104524)的同源性为99%,而且聚在一个进化支上。结果表明,乌鲁木齐三角荨麻白粉病菌属于Erysiphe urticae,与伊朗异株荨麻白粉病菌亲缘关系最近。
The causal pathogen of powdery mildew on Urtica triangularis in Urumchi city of China was identi-fied by microscopic observation and molecular method. Conidiophores were cylindrical and produced one conidium at the end of the conidiophore. Conidia were ellipsoid to barrel-shaped,measured 18. 75 to 23. 75 × 31. 25 to 43. 75μm. Dark brown chasmothecia were found partly embedded in the mycelial felt on leaves,were plat spherical,gre-garious to scattered,and 87. 5 to 143. 75 μm in diameter. Each chasmothecium contained six or eight asci. Asci were sessile,25 to 43. 75 × 37. 5 to 68. 75 μm,and contained four or five ascospores,each 18. 75 to 21. 88 × 25 to 31. 25 μm. To further confirm identity of the causal fungus,the internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) of fungal rDNA was amplified with universal primers ITS1 and ITS2,and sequenced. The ITS sequence shows 99% similarity with that of Erysiphe urticae on U. dioica from Iranian (Accession No. AB104524). The results showed that

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报道了猫耳衣属多毛类地衣一中国大陆新记录种——小黑猫耳衣（Leptogium trichophoroides）,与其他国家和地区相比,该种在中国大陆具有更宽的海拔分布范围和稍大的子囊孢子。
Leptogium trichophoroides is reported as new to mainland China. This species has a much wider altitudinal distribution range and slightly larger aseospores in mainland China than in other countries or regions.

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文中对子囊菌代表类群的延伸因子1 alpha基因密码子的使用模式进行了研究。结果表明：该基因的密码子使用偏好性不仅与核酸碱基组成密切相关,也受到其他选择性压力的影响。统计分析揭示了子囊菌各类群该基因的密码子组成和编码特点,在同义密码子的选择模式上,酵母纲（Saccharomycetes）的成员具有较独特的偏好性。基于密码子用法分歧度的聚类分析方法较合理地反映了大部分类群的分类学地位,但在各个纲的内部,密码子偏好性的变化程度存在差异。
The codon usage of elongation factor 1 alpha gene in some taxa of Ascomycota was analyzed in this study. The results showed a high frequency of codons ending with G or C in most taxa except for the species of Saccharomycetes. The codon choice of this gene was dependent on base composition of nu- cleotide sequences, and was also attributed to other functional constraints. A detailed comparison of RSCU values demonstrated a certain difference of codon bias among 22 taxa. The members of Saccha- romyeetes displayed a distinctive pattern of codon usage, compared to other taxa. The current results also indicated that the degree of variation in eodon usage among classes of Aseomyeota might be different.

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蛹虫草是子囊菌门，肉座菌目，虫草科、虫草属的模式种，具有很高的药用价值，其功能可以与冬虫夏草媲美。主要介绍了蛹虫草的有效成分、药用价值及蛹虫草保健酒制作工艺和沉淀的处理等。
Cordyceps militaris is the type species of Ascomycota,Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae, Cordyceps. It is of extremely high medicinal value equal to caterpillar fungus. In this paper, the active ingredients and the medicinal value of Cordyceps militaris, and the producing process of Cordyceps militaris healthcare wine and its precipitation treatment were introduced.

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【目的】东方圆盘菌Orbilia orientalis及其无性型的鉴定.【方法】从枯树枝上采集标本;通过子囊孢子弹射法分离到其无性型.【结果和结论】该标本被鉴定为Orbilia orientalis;无性型被鉴定为Drechslerella cf.brochopaga;建立了有性型Orbilia orientalis和无性型Drechslerella cf.brochopaga之间的对应关系.
[Objective]To identify the Orbilia orientalis collected from dead branches .[Method]Its ana-morph was isolated from the ascospores of Orbilia orientalis.[Result and conclusion]The anamorph was identified as Drechslerella cf.brochopaga.The connection between anamorph Orbilia orientalis and teleo-morph Drechslerella cf.brochopaga was established .

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从新疆石河子市天珠酒业葡萄园产的优质葡萄“霞多丽”自然发酵汁中，分离出5株酵母菌L-A， L-C， L-D， L-E， L-J。通过形态、培养特征、子囊孢子和假菌丝的观察及生理生化试验，初步鉴定L-A， L-D， L-E为隐球酵母属， L-C， L-J为酿酒酵母属。
Five strains of yeast are separated from Xinjiang in high quality wine grape“Xiaduoli”, which are L-A, L-C, L-D, L-E, and L-J. There are three strains (L-A, L-D, L-E) are identified as Cryptococcus Saccharomyces and two strains (L-C, L-J) are identified as Saccharomyces cerevisive through morphological and cultural characteristics, observation of yeast pseudohypha and yeast ascospore, physiological and biochemical tests.

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为进一步研究圆盘菌属真菌的生物多样性，2013年9-10月对广西十万大山圆盘菌属真菌进行调查研究。结果表明：在该区域内采集到一个中国新记录种，即肾形圆盘菌Orbilia corculispora，通过子囊孢子弹射法分离得到该菌的无性型；建立了肾形圆盘菌的有性型与其无性型之间的对应关系。
To further research the biodiversity of Orbilia,a survey was conducted from September to October in 2013.Results:O.corculispora was reported for the first time in China.Its anamorph was isolated from the ascospores of O.corculispora.The connection between anamorph O.corculispora and its teleomorph was established.

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