榕树和传粉榕小蜂是研究物种协同进化的经典模型，对分布于云南西双版纳地区的3种榕树的进蜂量、榕果直径、榕果雌花总数进行相关性分析，并对每种榕树的专一性传粉小蜂的体大小进行了测量。结果表明，3种榕树的榕果直径与单果进蜂量并无种间相关性。3种榕树的进蜂量、榕果直径、单果雌花数呈现相同的种间规律，均为垂叶榕＞高榕＞钝叶榕，但3种榕树的传粉小蜂的体大小的对比却不同于其他3个特征，为高榕＞钝叶榕＞垂叶榕。研究结果说明，在大部分特征上，榕果与小蜂之间已经产生了种间严格的对应特征，这一结果为进一步研究榕－蜂系统的稳定机制提供了依据。

The interaction between pollinating fig wasps (Agaonidae) and their host fig trees (Ficus) is a striking example of an ob-ligate pollination mutualism .The experiment was conducted to analyze the interspecific correlation of foundress number , fig diameter and female flower number and the body size of pollinating fig species for each species further was measured .The results showed that there was no intraspecific significant relationship between fig diameter and foundress number for all experimental fig species , and the interspecific comparison of foundress number , fig diameter and female flower number showed the same pattern , which was Ficus ben-jamina >Ficus altissima>Ficus curtipes.While the body size of pollinating fig wasps showed different pattern , which was Ficus alti-ssima >Ficus curtipes >Fic us benjamina.Results suggested that fig-fig wasps have evolved the interspecific corresponding pattern for most of characteristics .The results could help us for further und

钝叶榕是西双版纳地区分布广泛的一种榕树(雌雄同株),具有较为特殊的传粉体系。近三年的野外物候观测数据显示,钝叶榕个体绝大多数每年结果1~2次,极少数一年结果3次,通常在雨季增加结果次数,出现树内异步的现象。钝叶榕结果树内同步,树间异步。钝叶榕雌花期和雄花期不能很好吻合,榕蜂系统在观测范围内处于不稳定状态,导致钝叶榕的雌花期和雄花期比其它种类的榕树长很多。结果表明:钝叶榕结果物候可能受相对湿度影响最大,但总体上其物候与温度、降雨量和相对湿度的相关关系未呈现明显的规律性。钝叶榕的物候变化应受其它气候因子作用或是各种生物因子和非生物因子共同作用的结果。物候和气候的现象十分复杂,进一步对钝叶榕物候的不同方面和各种气候因子进行相关性分析十分必要。

Phenology of plants and life history of pollinators should match and maintain their mutualism.Figs and their pollinating fig wasps form highly specific mutualism and co-adapt in the phenology and life history.Ficus cur-tipes is monoecious,which distributes widely in Xishuangbanna with special pollination system.Fig wasps on F .cur-tipes have been massively reported,however,fig trees are seldom concerned.In this paper,we address three ques-tions:(1)What are the fruiting patterns of female floral phase and male floral phase of F .curtipes ,do they match each other;(2)Are there any correlations between climatic factors and the phenolgy of F .curtipes ;(3)How can fruit-ing pattern affect fig-wasp system in F .curtipes Over 30 months,F .curtipes fruits once or twice,at most three times per year.F .curtipes occasionally fruit asynchronously within individual trees in rainy season,which may be a strategy for boosting pollinator populations.In certain months there is no overlap betwe

以东山岛滨海沙地主要优势树种的凋落物为对象，研究了其干质量热值与养分质量分数。结果表明：不同优势树种凋落物干质量热值以潺槁木姜子、木麻黄、湿地松最高，均在20．0 kJ/g以上，朴树、箣竹的凋落物干质量热值较低，为17．3～19．1 kJ/g；木麻黄、鳝藤、湿地松、箣竹凋落物的干质量热值在春季最高，潺槁木姜子、黄连木、朴树、雀梅藤、榕树凋落物的干质量热值在夏季最高。 C质量分数以湿地松最高，为50．25％，其次是木麻黄和潺槁木姜子，分别为49．87％和48．77％，木麻黄和湿地松凋落物中N、P、K质量分数均低于其他树种；不同优势树种凋落物热值与其C质量分数均呈极显著正相关（ P＜0．01），与其他养分质量分数相关均不显著。

With the litter of major dominant tree species in coastal sandy areas , we studied the calorific value and nutrient con-tent.The litter calorific values of Litsea glutinosa, Casuarina equisetifolia and Pinus elliottii were higher than that of other tree species, which were all above 20.0 kJ/g, and the litter calorific values of Celtis tetrandra subsp.sinensis and Bambusa blumeana were lower, in 17.3-19.1 kJ/g.The seasonal peak litter calorific values of Casuarina equisetifolia, Anodendron affine, Pinus elliottii and Bambusa blumeana appeared in spring , and that of Litsea glutinosa, Pistacia chinensis, Celtis tet-randra subsp.sinensis, Sageretia thea and Ficus microcarpa appeared in summer .The C content of 50.25%in litter of Pi-nus elil ottiiwas higher than that of other tree species , followed by Casuarina equisetifolia (49.87%) and Litsea glutinosa (48.77%).N, P and K contents in litter of Casuarina equisetifolia and Pinus elliottii were lower than those of other tree species .The l

北碚榕(Ficus beipeiensis S.S Chang)雌雄异株,仅分布在重庆市北碚区北温泉附近的石灰岩壁上,目前调查仅发现5株野生植株.本文主要采用形态学、解剖学及生态学方法对北碚榕及其近缘种(大果榕、苹果榕)的形态特点进行比较研究.结果表明:1雌雄植株在形态结构上差异显著,雄株:叶呈卵圆形,纸质,平均直径约为3.90cm,圆盘形;雌株:叶呈长椭圆形,硬纸质,平均直径约为1.51cm,梨形;在叶的形态结构上北碚榕雄株类似于大果榕;雌株叶形与两种榕树不相同.雄株花序形态结构上,近似于两者而雌株花序与其相比差异较大.2雌花只存在于雌性隐头花序内,在雌花期时发育成熟,雌花花柱呈棒状,子房球形;雄花序内有瘿花和雄花,瘿花于间花期成熟,雄花于雄花期发育成熟;瘿花花柱呈喇叭状,子房倒卵形;雄花具雄蕊2枚,分布在苞片周围,并不散生在花序内;三种花的形态结构特点与传粉小蜂的行为密切相关.

Ficus beipeiensis S.S. Chang ,a dioecious species ,is distributed only on the rock walls of lime‐stone in the Jinyun Mountains ,Chongqing .Up to now ,only five wild plants have been discovered in the wild .In a preliminary study ,the morphological characteristics of F. beipeiensis and its relative species F. auriculata and F. oligodon were investigated and compared with the morphological ,anatomical and eco‐logical methods .Male and female plants of F. beipeiensis were found to be significantly different in mor‐phology .Male plant leaves :leaf blade ovate ,papery ;female plant leaves :leaf blade oblong‐elliptic ,thick‐ly papery ;female syconia :about 1.51 cm in average diam ,pear‐shaped;male syconia :about 3.90 cm in average diam ,globose .Male plants were similar to F. auriculata in morphological structure of leaf ,but female plants were different from F. auriculata and F. oligodon .Then ,male plants were similar to them in morphological structure of their syconium ,wh