《红字》是美国19世纪最具影响力的小说家霍桑的经典作品，其中的女主角海丝特·白兰被认为与受人尊敬的牧师丁梅斯代尔通奸并生下女儿珠儿，因此佩戴上红字“A”（＂ Adultery＂的象征）作为清教法规严苛无情的惩罚。霍桑通过塑造海丝特这个形象向读者展示了清教观，以及清教观对人们生活和思想所造成的影响。海丝特最初是勇敢坚强的，最终却在清教社会的压迫下，承认了自己的罪过，并通过艰苦工作，自我提升得到救赎，得到了社会的认可。

"The Scarlet Letter",Nathaniel Hawthorne''s representative work ,is a classical novel in American litera-ture in the 19th century ,in which the heroine Hester Prynne and the town''s reverend priest ,Arthur Dimmesdale , engages in the act of adultery and produce a baby girl named Pearl .As a result ,she has to wear the scarlet letter"A"as the severe and strict punishment of the Puritanism .By creating the image of Hester ,Hawthorne shows the readers the Puritanism and its great impact on people''s life and thought .At the beginning ,Hester is brave and strong .At last ,she has to admit her sin under the pressure of the Puritan community and get salvation through self -improvement and hard working .Therefore ,she is accepted by the community .Hawthorne explains his puri-tan thoughts through creating Hester ,as a sinner ,Hester finally get salvation by working hard .

《红字》是美国19世纪最具影响力的小说家霍桑的经典作品，其中的女主角海丝特·白兰被认为与受人尊敬的牧师丁梅斯代尔通奸并生下女儿珠儿，因此佩戴上红字“A”（＂ Adultery＂的象征）作为清教法规严苛无情的惩罚。霍桑通过塑造海丝特这个形象向读者展示了清教观，以及清教观对人们生活和思想所造成的影响。海丝特最初是勇敢坚强的，最终却在清教社会的压迫下，承认了自己的罪过，并通过艰苦工作，自我提升得到救赎，得到了社会的认可。

"The Scarlet Letter",Nathaniel Hawthorne''s representative work ,is a classical novel in American litera-ture in the 19th century ,in which the heroine Hester Prynne and the town''s reverend priest ,Arthur Dimmesdale , engages in the act of adultery and produce a baby girl named Pearl .As a result ,she has to wear the scarlet letter"A"as the severe and strict punishment of the Puritanism .By creating the image of Hester ,Hawthorne shows the readers the Puritanism and its great impact on people''s life and thought .At the beginning ,Hester is brave and strong .At last ,she has to admit her sin under the pressure of the Puritan community and get salvation through self-improvement and hard working .Therefore ,she is accepted by the community .Hawthorne explains his puri-tan thoughts through creating Hester ,as a sinner ,Hester finally get salvation by working hard .

美国著名作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑在其短篇小说《好小伙子布朗》中运用象征主义描述了一个年轻的小伙子离开自己的纯真世界走入魔鬼集会的森林的经历，通过这次经历他意识到自己的周围充满了各种各样的邪恶力量。笔者在本文中对霍桑的这篇著名的小说中的象征主义进行了较系统的分析，并得出以下结论：《好小伙子布朗》中的象征主义是从四个方面表现出来的，它们分别是：人，物，场景和行文构思。另外笔者发现霍桑运用象征主义手法与其受清教影响有很大关系。一方面，清教的熏陶使他能够发现并运用具有象征意义的宗教意象，并附于他们丰富的含义。另一方面，霍桑通过运用这种特殊的写作手法-象征主义，表达出了他的清教主题及自己对人性的看法。

In“Young Goodman Brown”the famous American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism to illustrate the story of a young man who reluctantly departs from his world of innocence entering the evil woods and finally realizes the widespread evil that exists in his world. This paper makes an analytical study of the use of symbolism in Hawthorne ’s well-known short sto-ry“Young Goodman Brown”, and comes to a conclusion that symbolism in the short story“Young Goodman Brown”is reflect-ed in four different aspects:characters, objects, setting and the plot. And the use of symbolism has much to do with Hawthorne ’ puritanical traits. Under the influence of Puritanism, he chooses much religious imagery which has abundant symbolic meanings. And by using the special technique-symbolism, Hawthorne addresses Puritan themes and expresses his own view on human na-ture.

从中国知网检索到1988年至2013年间该领域文献451篇，统计文献的时间分布和期刊分布，基于词频的统计分析和对文献的研究，总结出教学研究中的热点，有助于任课教师厘清教学中的重点、难点，提升教学效果。

451 articles in this field were retrieved from CNKI during 1988 to 2013. By doing statistical analysis of these papers’ time distribution, periodical distribution and words frequency, hot spots of teaching research were summarized. The work can help teachers clarify the emphases and difficulties in the teaching and improve teaching effect.

《红字》是19世纪美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的一部经典著作，描述了在清教主义统治下的悲剧爱情故事。该作品中运用大量象征手法，使作品具有丰富的蕴涵，启人深思，让人回味无穷。该文以人名的象征意义为切入点，从对立统一的新视角，剖析霍桑式风格的象征艺术。

The Scarlet Letter is one of classical works written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the American writer of the 19th century. In this novel, Hawthorne employs much symbolization, which enables the work has profound implied meaning and stimulates think?ing. The author tries to explore the symbolic meaning of characters’names from the perspective of the unity of opposites to explore Hawthorne’s symbolic style.