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双语推荐:电声换能器

主要研究高频换能器的匹配层技术,通过匹配层技术拓宽换能器的频带,首先利用等效电路法分析高频匹配层换能器,其次通过Matlab仿真分析匹配层材料的密度、声速、厚度变化对换能器电声参数性的影响,进而对其电声进行优化设计,最终制作出一高频宽带换能器。通过实验测得结果与仿真结果基本一致,实验测得换能器的最大发送电压响应为178 dB,工作频带为260~370 kHz,带内发送电压响应起伏为?3 dB,300 kHz时换能器指向性?3 dB开角为6.5°。
This paper mainly investigated the matching layer technique for high frequency transducers. High-frequency transducer with a matching layer was first analyzed with equivalent circuit method. Then, the effect of matching layer parameters on the acoustic transducer performance was summarized by simulation. And its electro-acoustic characte-ristics were optimized. Finally, a high frequency broadband transducer was designed. Experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical values. It was shown that (i) the maximal transmitting sound level can reach 178 dB;(ii) the bandwidth of the transducer is 260~370 kHz;(iii) the fluctuation of the transmitting voltage response is-3 dB;(iv) the transducer has a directional angle of 6.5 degree with-3 dB@300 kHz.

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研究介绍了圆形孔径的球面聚焦压电换能器的基本电声参数:输出声功率、辐射电导、电声效率、自由场发射电流(电压)响应、自由场电压灵敏度、有效面积、有效孔径、声焦距、声束宽度和阻抗(导纳)等电声特性及其测量方法,详细地论述了基于辐射力天平法和自易校准法的测量原理和方法,讨论了它们的内在联系。给出了换能器自易校准中的衍射修正系数和平均反射系数的公式、计算方法和系列数据图表。试验结果表明了测量原理和方法的合理性和可行性。
In the paper the electro-acoustic characteristics and measurement methods of spherically focusing transducer are studied. The relevant parameters and measurements including acoustic output power, radiation conductance, elec-tro-acoustic efficiency, free-field transmitting voltage (current) response, free-field voltage sensitivity, effective area, ef-fective aperture, acoustic focal length, beam width and electric impedance (admittance) are introduced. The methods based on RFB and self-reciprocity calibration are particularly described, and the relation between the two methods is discussed. The calculation methods with a set of table for the correction coefficients of diffraction and the average am-plitude reflection coefficients in self-reciprocity calibration are given. The results show that the measurement principles and methods are available and feasible.

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采用等效电路法分析钹式换能器(Cymbal)阵元结构与机电性的关系。将Cymbal阵元抽象为压电陶瓷片和金属帽两部分,分别建立压电陶瓷圆片和金属浅球壳的等效电路模型,将金属帽的水下辐射振动近似为圆面活塞辐射,得到Cymbal阵元的机电等效图以及等效电路图。通过对等效电路和各电路参数的分析,解释了Cymbal作为低频小尺寸换能器获得较高辐射声功率和电声效率的原因,对优化其电声提供了指导性意见。
The relationship of cymbal structure and cymbal electromechanical performance was studied by equivalent circuit method. The cymbal transducer is composed of one PZT ceramic round disk and two metal caps bonded with two sides of ceramic disk. Equivalent models of PZT disk and metal caps were created. The radiation of metal caps underwater was simplified as round piston radiators reasonably. Integral electromechanical equivalent schematic and equivalent circuit diagram of cymbal were established. By analyzing parameters of the equivalent circuit,the reason of this low frequency little transducer achieving high radiation sonic power and electroacoustic conversion efficiency was revealed. Some instructive ideals were put forward to optimize performance of cymbal.

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分析了功率超声换能振动系统的工程设计问题,探讨了在不同负载条件下,影响功率超声换能器电声效率的关键因素,并给出了具有指导性的设计原则,为功率超声换能振动系统的优化设计和性改善提供设计指南和指导措施。并对近期发展的功率超声振动系统进行了分析和综述,重点阐述了两种新型功率超声振动系统,即三维全方位超声辐射换能器以及径向夹心式压电陶瓷复合换能器,对其设计方法和性优化进行了总结。
A number of important problem and limitations for the engineering design of the high power ultrasonic vibrating systems are further analyzed and emphasized.The factors affecting the electro-acoustical efficiency of the high power transducers under different load conditions are dis-cussed,and some instructive design criterion and conclusions are obtained which can help to im-prove the performance of the high power ultrasonic vibrating systems.The new developments for the high power ultrasonic vibrating systems are reviewed,and especially two types of high power ultrasonic vibrating systems are stressed,i.e.,the three-dimensional ultrasonic radiators and the radially sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic vibrating systems,and the design considerations are discussed which are helpful for their engineering design.

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论述了电声互易原理和用于平面活塞型与球面聚焦换能器校准的自易法(Self Reciprocity Method, SRM)。介绍了一系列的定义和发送电压(电流)响应与电压灵敏度。阐述了SRM与辐射力天平(Radiation Force Balance, RFB)法之间的关系。在1~25 MHz 频率范围内,对超声换能器校准和输出功率测量的实验显示,两种方法具有相近的准确度。SRM法比RFB法测量具有更高的信噪比和更好的稳定性。
The principles of electroacoustic reciprocity and self-reciprocity method (SRM) for the plane piston and the spherically focusing transducer are described. A series of definitions with uses of transmitting voltage (current) res-ponses and voltage sensitivity are introduced. The relation of SRM with the radiation force balance (RFB) is ex-pounded. Experiments in frequency range of 1.0~15 MHz show that the two methods are of close accuracy in calibra-tion and output power measurement of ultrasonic transducer. The measurement by SRM is of high signal noise ratio and better stability than by RFB.
换能器是由电子振荡产生电信号激发换能器产生机械振动,将声转变为电的传感件。换能器的串联调谐匹配设计是实现换能器频谱分析、数据记录或信号源产生的关键技术。提出一种基于负载阻抗宽带激励的换能器串联调谐匹配设计方法,系统方案设计包括通用的数据采集系统、声学基阵、收发转和功率放大以及模拟信号预处理机,声学基阵由4个换能器并联组成,实现电声、声电转,当一个电信号送到基阵两端,基阵根据电信号振荡产生相应的声信号,通过DSP控制D/A转换器进行数/模转,输出多路回波信号到功率放大,引入阻抗匹配与功率激励方案,提高换能器回波微弱差异信息的量增益,去除检测仪电路中耦合噪声,提高测定目标的方位力。实验结果表明,该系统设计方案提高换能器回波微弱差异信息的量增益,避免了换能器接收信号产生调谐失真,有效实现对水声信号的采集和回波接收。
The acoustic transducer is generated by an electronic oscillator signal excitation transducer to generate mechani?cal vibration, acoustic energy into electric energy of sensor. The transducer series tuned matching design is the key technol?ogy to realize the transducer frequency spectrum analysis, data recording or generated by the signal source. Put forward a series tuned matching design method based on the transducer load impedance broadband excitation, system design in?cludes the universal data acquisition system, acoustic array, a transmitting receiving conversion and power amplifier and an?alog signal pretreatment, acoustic array is composed of 4 acoustic transducer to realize the parallel composition, electro acoustic, acoustic electric transition, when a signal sent to the array at both ends, the array according to the electrical oscil?lations corresponding sound signal, A/ D conversion through DSP control of D/A converter, the output of multi-channel echo signal to th

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本文介绍了基本电声系统的构成,及其主要设备的特性,并针对LED显示屏的应用场合,给出了相关电声指标的计算,以及后端设备性选取的方法。
This Article simply introduce basic audio system and it’s performance. acoustic calculation, speaker and amplifier selection for LED display panel.

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对助听检测通常采用的国家标准为GB/T 14199-2010电声学助听通用规范和GB/T25102.100-2010电声学助听第0部分:电声特性的测量,检测中需要关注的量值有频率范围、频率点、声压级、最大声压级、声压级均值、声压增益均值、谐波失真值、电流值,本文对此进行了分析总结,理顺了检测中相关量值的关系。
National standards for the detection of hearing aids commonly used to GB / T 14199-2010 General speciifcation electric acoustic hearing aids and GB / T 25102.100-2010 electric acoustic hearing aids - Part 0: Measurement, Detection need to focus on the magnitude of the electro-acoustic characteristics have frequency range, frequency, SPL, maximum SPL, SPL mean, mean sound pressure gain, harmonic distortion value, the current value of this were analyzed and summarized in this article, to rationalize the magnitude of the correlation detection relationships.

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电声效应用于测定胶粒性质是一项新的研究,电声效应包括两种效应,即CVP和ESA效应.本文综述了这两种效应的产生机理及相互关系,并指出对于具有薄双电层的胶粒而言,通过测量ESA声波信号可以推导胶粒动力淌度,从而确定胶粒的大小和电荷.最后指出电声效应在测定胶粒性质方面有广阔的应用前景.
Determination of particle properties from electroacoustic effects is a new technique. The two effects of measurements that are possible, They are colloid vibration potential(CVP) and electrokinetic sonic amplitude(ESA). The physical mechanisms that give rise to these effects and their reciprocal relation were summarized. For spherical particles with thin double layers, their dynamic mobility from which the size and charge of particles determined can be formulated from the ESA signal. Electroacoustical method is a powerful tool for studying the electric properties of interfaces and colloidal stability.

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架子鼓是当下十分流行的电声乐队中非常重要的乐之一,在电声乐队中也占据很重要的地位,担当着非常重要的角色。通过对架子鼓节奏、旋律、风格等演奏要素的分析,探索出了一系列适合架子鼓教学的方法,有助于广大架子鼓爱好者更好地学习架子鼓,促进架子鼓在我国音乐体系中的发展。
Drum set is currently one of the popular instruments in electroacoustic band, which also occupies very important position and plays an extremely important role in electroacoustic band. On the basis of analyzing the playing elements inclu-ding rhythm, melody and style for drum set, a series of teaching methods suitable for drum set are discussed in order to guide the drums lovers to learn drum set better and promote a development of drum set in our country''s music system.

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