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双语推荐：石油的催化裂化

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为了降低催化裂化再生烟气中NOx的排放浓度,中海石油炼化有限责任公司惠州炼化分公司催化裂化装置按照CO助燃剂的添加方式,往再生系统加入烟气脱硝助剂D。试用结果表明,通过加注烟气脱硝助剂D,可以在不停工、不动改的前提下实现催化裂化装置烟气中NOx达标排放的目标,并且烟气脱硝助剂D的加入对催化裂化催化剂的活性、产品分布及汽油、柴油性质无明显影响。
In order to meet the strict environmental requirements,the denitrification additive D was used in a similar way as the CO combustion additive to reduce NOx content in FCC regenerator flue gas in a trial run in CNOOC Huizhou Refinery.Due to the existence of catalytic additive,NOx can be trans-lated to N2 in FCC regenerator.The results indicate that the effect of denitrification additive D on the activity of catalyst,product distribution and the nature of the gasoline,diesel is not obvious.It is con-cluded that NOx content in FCC regenerator flue gas can be controlled by addition of such kind of addi-tive without any more process modification.

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通过重油催化裂化催化剂的概述，阐述了催化剂的发展历程和技术效果，并分析了国内石油石化公司的专利申请情况。
This paper reviewed the RFCC cracking catalyst and the development of RFCC technique ef-fect, analyzed the domestic research of SINOPEC and CNPC.

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催化剂在石油化工产业生产中起着至关重要的作用。本文阐述了几个重要石油化工产业催化剂的使用现状和研究前景,包括石油催化裂化催化剂、石油加氢催化剂、环氧乙烷催化剂和丙烯腈催化剂。新型绿色的合成路线有助于降低能耗,提高产品产率。这两方面的发展将推动石油化学产业发展。
The catalyst played a vital role in the petrochemical industry. Application status and prospects of catalysts in petrochemical industry were described, including petroleum cracking catalyst, oil hydrogenation catalyst, ethylene oxide catalyst and acrylonitrile catalyst. New green synthetic routes were favorable for reducing energy consumption and improving product yield. Development in these two areas would promote the development of petrochemical industry.

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借助国内减压渣油、催化裂化油浆及乙烯焦油实验室焦炭化试验数据，测算出3种原料油经延迟焦化装置加工的模拟效益。结果表明，减压渣油掺兑催化裂化油浆和乙烯焦油后，延迟焦化装置的效益均有不同程度的下降；但分析结果显示，对于炼油厂来说，按照当前的价格体系计算催化裂化油浆、乙烯焦油经延迟焦化装置加工的效益要好于两者作为商品直接外销的效益。造成延迟焦化装置效益下降的原因主要是掺炼催化裂化油浆、乙烯焦油更多地副产了低价值的普通石油焦产品。通过对原料油的组成、结构以及石油焦成焦机理进行分析，探讨了乙烯焦油在工业延迟焦化装置上加工的可行性，同时阐述了改善乙烯焦油炭化性能的途径和措施。
Based on the coking test of vacuum residue,FCC slurry and ethylene tar in domestic labo-ratory,the benefits of three kinds of raw oils processed by delayed coking were simulated. The results show that the benefits of unit decline in different degree when the vacuum residue oil blending with FCC slurry and ethylene tar are processed. However,the analysis shows that the benefit of refinery process-ing FCC slurry and ethylene tar is better than the two raw materials are directly sold as products. The reason lies in more low value common petroleum coke produced when FCC slurry oil and ethylene tar with vacuum residue oil are co-processed. By analyzing the compositions and structure of three raw oils, and coking mechanism,the feasibility of processing ethylene tar in industrial delayed coking unit is dis-cussed. The ways and measures for production of high quality petroleum coke with ethylene tar are pro-posed.

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研制新型柴油降凝催化剂,在常压﹑非临氢条件下以抚顺石油二厂催化裂化柴油和辽化加氢裂化尾油为原料,考察了温度、空速对降凝效果的影响。催化裂化柴油凝点可降低5~25℃,液体收率98%以上,柴油收率85%以上;加氢裂化尾油凝点可降低36~56℃,液体收率在95%左右,润滑油基础油的收率在90%左右,裂解气产量很少,降凝效果显著。
The catalyst FC-DB in dropping pour point was developed. At normal pressure and without hydro-gen, the effects of temperature and space velocity on the dropping pour point of the raw materials were studied. The catalytically cracked diesel is from Refinery No. 2 of Fushun Petrochemical Company and the hydrocracking tail oil is from Petrochina Liaoyang Petrcemical Company. the pour point of catalytically cracked diesel was reduced by 25 ℃and the pour point of hydrocracking tail oil was reduced by 56 ℃,the liquid yield is over 95%. By using the catalyst, the yield of pyrolysis gas is low, and the prominent result of dropping pour point is obtained.

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对抚顺页岩油萃取精制、调和、络合精制和催化裂化加工方案进行了研究。结果表明，抽出油黏性小、塑性大、感温性好，可调和多种牌号的沥青；所剩轻组分可用于非烃化合物的分离。采用酸性络合剂对抽余油进行络合精制，在剂油质量比为2∶3时，其总氮质量分数可控制在3000μg/g以内，碱性氮质量分数可控制在100μg/g以内；精制后抽余油催化裂化性能良好，与石油中的蜡油组分性能相近。
Through extraction refining,harmonization,complexing refining and catalytic cracking of Fushun shale oil,which provided references for processing and utilization of Fushun shale oil,it showed that the extract oil could harmonize various grades of asphalt,due to small viscosity,large ductility and better temperature serviceability.At the same time,light components left could be used for separation of non-hydrocarbon compounds.Using acidic as complexing agent with the ratio of solvent to oil 2∶3,the total nitrogen content of the raffinate oil was within in 3 000 μg/g and alkali nitrogen compounds of the raffinate oil was less than 100 μg/g .After complexing refining,the catalytic cracking performance of raffinate oil was good, which was similar with the paraffinoil.

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石油炼化工厂催化裂化装置的吸收稳定系统是利用吸收和精馏的方法加工粗汽油和富气，分离得到干气（C2及C2以下）、液化气（C3和C4）和稳定汽油。在模拟过程中，由于物料组分复杂而无法使用真实组成。本文根据恩氏蒸馏系数采用虚拟组分法确定物料组成，确定采用SRK热力学方法，过程模拟结果与生产标定结果基本一致，说明虚拟纽分法在催化裂化吸收稳定系统在流程模拟分析过程中有良好的适用性。
In petroleum refining plant, the absorption stabilization system of catalytic cracking unit uses absorption and distillation method to separate rich gas and crude gasoline, to get dry gas (C2 and the following), liquefied petroleum gas (C3 and C4) and stable gasoline. In the process of simulation, we can''t use real data due to the material complex composition. According to Engler distillation data, we had used pseudo-component method to determine the material composition, and applied the thermodynamic method of SRK. Process simulation results was basically identical with the production calibration results. The pseudo-component method had good applicability in the process of simulation.

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中海石油中捷石化有限公司利用0.8 Mt/a重油催化裂化装置进行扩能改造之际,对热工系统进行升级优化。通过采用内、外取热以及新型余热锅炉等技术,满足了装置扩能改造后装置热工系统负荷的提高,为装置提高处理量奠定基础。
The thermal working system was optimized and upgraded as capacity expansion revamping on 0.8 Mt/a catalytic cracking unit in Zhongjie Petrochemical Limited Company , CNOOC.Internal and external heat removal method , new type waste heat boiler and etc technol-ogies met the load raise demand on thermal working system after capacity expansion reform of the unit, which established the base for raise on operational capacity of the unit.

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对以石油路线生产低碳烯烃的催化裂解工艺进行了综述。催化裂解结合了传统蒸汽裂解和流化催化裂化的优势,表现出良好的原料适应性和较高的低碳烯烃产率,针对不同的石油裂解原料已经开展了相应工艺技术的研究。本文总结了目前催化裂解制低碳烯烃技术的研究进展,指出ZSM-5分子筛催化剂、热力学平衡限制和动力学反应条件是催化裂解反应过程中的重要影响因素和研究内容。催化剂研究仍是催化裂解工艺开发的重点,而热力学和动力学是研究反应规律的有效方法,这是今后实现石油烃类定向转化的研究方向。
Catalytic pyrolysis inherits advantages of conventional steam cracking and fluidized catalytic cracking,and shows good feed adaptability and high yields of light olefins. Processing technologies have been researched for a wide range of petroleum feedstocks. This paper summarizes the advances in catalytic pyrolysis. ZSM-5 zeolite,thermodynamic equilibrium limitation and kinetic reaction conditions are important influence factors and research interests for catalytic pyrolysis. Catalyst study is still the key point in developing catalytic pyrolysis processes,and thermodynamics and kinetics are effective methods to study reaction behavior.

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2013年9月17日环境保护部发布了《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第五阶段)》，标准中对催化裂化汽油中硫含量的要求变得越来越严格。随着单一脱硫工艺越来越难以满足新的标准，新型组合工艺应运而生。包括：萃取—光催化氧化组合技术、氧化—萃取组合技术以及RSDS-Ⅱ技术等等。采用新型组合脱硫工艺，解决了原工艺对汽油产品辛烷值、烯烃饱和度的影响，降低了汽油产品的硫含量。与此同时，减轻了石油炼制过程中对环境的污染程度。
Light Vehicle Emissions Limits and Measurement Methods ( stage 5 ) in China was issued by the Environmental Protection Department on September 17 , 2013. The standard of the sulfur content in FCC gasoline became more and more strict. As a single desulfurization technology, it was more and more difficult to meet the new standards, so the new combination technology arose at the historic moment, including extraction and photocatalysis, oxidation-extraction, RSDS-Ⅱ, etc. . The application of new combined desulfurization process solved problems of the original product desulfurization process during production, such as octane number and olefin saturation, and decreased the sulfur content in petrochemical products. At the same time, the pollution to the environment was reduced in the process of petroleum refining.

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