1998年《苏格兰法案》将属于中央议会的一部分立法权与行政权下放至地方议会行使,调整了央地关系,深刻影响了《人权法案》的实施,使《人权法案》在苏格兰地区的实施提前了一年,产生了法律适用上的难题;它使法院的司法审查范围延展至苏格兰议会制定的法律,并影响了法院处理人权类案件时的司法解释方法。

Scotland Act 1998 devolves a large portion of Westminster’s powers to the local parliaments, which has reconstructed central-local government relations and has played profound implications upon the implements of Human Rights Act 1998. Scotland Act 1998 is to be analyzed through the background, contents, implications and conclusion. Also, the possible legal issues would be addressed because Human Rights Act 1998 took effects. Under the Sewel convention, the relationship between central and Scottish authority is enlightening for other countries in dealing with similar issues.

本文从建筑设计与地域环境结合的角度,对苏格兰议会大厦的设计构思、空间营造、建筑材料选择及建筑细部设计等方面进行了分析,探讨了建筑师在新时期对地域性建筑设计的继承与发展.

This article combines the architectural design with the geographical environment, and analyzes the Scot ish Parli-ament building from several aspects of the design concept, the space construction, the selection of building materials and the detail design of architectural to explore the inheritance and de-velopment of regional architecture designed by the architect in the new era.

休谟和斯密的光芒有时竟遮蔽了苏格兰启蒙运动的全景，以致弗兰西斯·哈奇森的思想一直未受学界充分的重视。韦伯为解释新教伦理与资本主义精神的关系，考察了“天职”这一概念；同样，弗兰西斯·哈奇森在“基督教化的斯多亚主义”伦理与功利主义精神之间也完成了一个切换：提出了以自然性情(包括道德感在内)这一新的人学建构理论。“基督教化的斯多亚主义”伦理是苏格兰启蒙运动思想家们的基本特征。从“遵循自然”到“遵循自然情感”的新的心灵构造、自然情感和人的社会本性学说，为从注重自控与内在自由的斯多亚主义向动机论的功利主义之公共福利与进取精神的过渡提供了基础。

The shine of Hume and Smith may sometimes obscure the panorama of the Scottish Enlightenment,so that Hutcheson s thought is not being fully considered. Max Weber, in order to interpreter the relationship between the Protestant Ethics and the spirit of the Capitalism,revealed the concept of Calling;likewise Hutcheson has accomplished a shift between“Christianized Stoicism“Ethics and the spirit of Utilitarianism:presented a new science of human nature at the core of natural affection,moral sense theory included. However,many classical Scottish moralists are characterized with the tendency of“Christianized Stoicism“Ethics. From“Following Na-ture to“Following Natural Affection ,thus new constitution of human mind,natural affection,and human s sociability provide a solid foundation for the channel from Stoicism stressing on self-command and inward freedom to Utilitarianism stressing on public welfare and aggressiveness.

目的：根据药物经济学评价应用的国际经验，以苏格兰、澳大利亚、英国和美国政策决策路径为例，结合我国现状，提出药物经济学评价在我国政策决策中的应用建议。方法：文献研究法，以中国知网和国内外医药卫生官方网站为数据源，对药物经济学评价在政策决策领域应用的文献资料进行总结与分析。结果和结论：提出我国应用药物经济学的政策决策思路。

Objective:According to international experience of applications of pharmacoeconomic evaluation, taking the policy-making paths of Scotland, Australia, the UK and the U.S.for example, combining with status in our country, make suggestions for pharmacoeconomic application in our policy-making process.Methods:Choosing the CNKI library and domestic and international medical and health official website as the data source, summarize and analyze literature relevant to pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the policy decision-making field.Results & Conclusion: To put forward policy-making ideas for pharmacoeconomic application in our country.

17—18世纪特殊的英国思想背景蕴育了苏格兰启蒙学派第一位伟大哲学家弗兰西斯·哈奇森，哈奇森在道德哲学中提出了道德代数法，并以此为基础进行推论，认为“最大多数人最大幸福”是最好的行为。虽然道德代数法包含了丰富的功利主义元素，但哈奇森绝非功利主义者，道德代数法的提出，凸显了哈奇森道德哲学内在具有的巨大张力。

Based on the ideological background in 17~18th of Scotland, the first great philosopher in Scotland Enlightenment, Francis Hutcheson proposes moral algebra in his moral philosophy, and concludes that the best behavior is the one which can produce“greatest happiness for greatest number . Moral algebra contains lots of utilitarian elements, however, Hutcheson can not be seen as a utilitarian. Moral algebra expresses the inner great tension in his moral philosophy.