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双语推荐：赵树理

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解放后的赵树理依然坚守"问题小说"的创作理念,关注社会主义新农村中所出现的种种问题,这种不合时宜的问题意识自然被"大时代"冷落与抛弃,并使赵树理成为"大时代"的旁观者,也使其创作心态失衡,不时流露出偏激、消极甚至虚无的态度。其主要原因在于赵树理总是站在农民的立场衡量政治的正确性与否,千方百计地维护农民利益;此外,解放后的赵树理在叙述策略、叙述视角以及叙述话语等诸多方面始终沉浸于个人的小天地里,其小说在话语形态、人物形象、美学观念等方面自成一格与"大时代"相去甚远。
After liberation,ZHAO Shu-li still stuck to the creation conception of “problem novel”.He showed concern for the various problems in new socialist countryside.Such untimely inclination was definitely desolated and abandoned by“the big time”and made him an onlooker.This led to his loss of mental balance in creation.And from time to time,he showed ob-stinate,negative and even nihilist attitude.It was mainly because that he always considered the policies correct or not from the position of peasants.He tried to protect peasants’interest.In addition,ZHAO indulged himself in his own world in respect of narrative strategy,perspective and language.Therefore,his novels were unique in language,figures and aesthetic conception and were quite different from “the big time”.

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赵树理以其对农村生活和农民心理的真切深入的理解以及从生活实际出发的现实主义艺术原则，塑造了新一代的农民形象。鲁迅式的原始、愚昧、麻木的农民形象被健康、硬朗的农民形象所取代，农民从被批判、被改造的对象转而成为革命的中心、纯洁人性的来源地。笔者就赵树理小说中的农民形象进行了简单的总结与分析。
With an understanding of the country life and peasants,ZHAO Shuli creates the image of a new-generation peasants in line with the realistic principle in his novels.The dumb and even foolish image of peasants formerly described by LU Xun has been replaced by the healthy and brave image of peasants and therefore,peasants have been transformed from the obj ect of criticism to the subj ect of revolution.This paper makes an analysis and summary of the changed image of peasant in ZHAO’s novels.

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赵树理一进入当代,创作主题就是干部问题,成为富于忧患意识的"干预文学"的先驱。在极左路线下,他坚持履行作家的责任,成为中国文学"悲惨"中的"光荣"。
The creation themes of Zhao Shuli''s works are about the problems of cadres in the contemporary, which makes him the pioneer of "intervention literature" full of awareness of unexpected development. Under the far left policy, he insisted to fulfill the writer''s duty and became"glory" in Chinese literature "misery".

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从历史和文献来看,1949—1966年中国农村集体主义革命中的"集体",其形态与意义都是被逐步想象和建构起来的。《三里湾》依托于"社员"、工分和"户"等层面,揭示了其时三里湾的农民正在开始走向现代性的社会。但是,赵树理和《三里湾》的卓越之处更在于,经由"民间传统"、口头语言以及与农民群众"共事"等问题,"集体"概念的内涵被给予了孤绝而幽深的辩难。赵树理是谨慎的,他执着地坚持"有多少写多少",这使得"三里湾"同时也留下了复杂的历史遗响。
In China’s collectivistic revolution of village in 1949-1966, seen from the history and the documents, the appearance and the meanings of “collective” were gradually imagined and constructed. Tracing the levels of“member-peasant”, workpoints and “household”, etc, the novel SanliWan indicated that the mass in the village were heading for the society of modernity. But, the real excellences of Zhao Shu-li and his SanliWan lay in that, through“folk tradition”, oral language, and “working together” with the crowd, the content of concept “collective” is given some unique and profound meanings.

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赵树理小说中最吸引人的部分是民俗文化描写,他通过家乡晋东南农村信仰民俗、婚丧嫁娶民俗、伦理民俗、语言民俗等民俗文化的描写,记录了北方黄土地民俗文化的特色,展示了现实主义文学的魅力,启迪了广大劳动群众,实现了其大众化、通俗化的文学主张。
The description offolk culture is the most attractive partin Zhao Shuli''s novels.Through describing folk beliefs,folk w eddings and funerals,folk ethic,folk language,he recorded the characteristics of the Loess Plateau,show ed the charm of realistic literature and enlightened the people. At last,he achieved his ideal that literature should be popular and common.

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赵树理的通俗小说渗透着强烈的乡村关怀意识、“作为农民的写作”的文化人格、独立思考的精神以及对人的尊严的肯定等，教师在课堂内外的巧妙搭台，可以使这些具有现实意义的审美因素化为当今高职大学生人文素质教育的重要资源。
Zhao Shuli’s popular novels are infiltrated with his strong consciousness of rural concerns, the cultural personality of“writing as a peasant”, the spirit of independent thinking, the affirmation to human dignity and so on. Teachers’ ingenious guidance, inside and outside the classroom, can turn these aesthetical factors with practical significance into the important resources of the education in humanistic qualities for today’s vocational college students.

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从张爱玲独特的女性视角分析，与同时期的男性作家对比，阐述张爱玲对城市文明情有独钟。她的小说致力于女性的奴性意识和人性的挖掘，感叹女性命运的苍凉；与同时期同为畅销小说家赵树理对比，她的小说受身世影响，是旧小说情调与现代趣味的统一，雅俗共赏。
Through analyzing Zhang Ailing’s unique perspective on female comparison with male novelists in the same period, this paper elaborates that Zhang Ai-ling had special preference to the urban civilization. Her novels are dedicated to digging female’s servility consciousness and humanity and showing sympathize on female’s desolated fate. Compared with the another novelist Zhao Shuli, her novels sere affected deeply by her fate, which are combination of old novels and modern interests.

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在表述农民这个话题上,赵树理和鲁迅有着共同的清醒意识。但在表述的方式、内容、情感与目的上,则有层次不同的差别。这些差别和现实境遇互为因果,最终形成同中有异、异中有同的农民想象。对这些异同情况的分析,对加强理解两位作家的作品、时代和文艺个性有不小的帮助。
In the formulation of farmers on this topic , Zhao Shuli and Lu Xun have a common consciousness. But in the way of expression, content, emotion and purpose, there are different levels of difference. These differences and realistic situation of reciprocal causation , eventually forming the same in different with the farmer image. Analysis of these similarities and differences is to strengthen the understanding of no small help in the two writers literary personality and the age in which they lived.

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民间文学是一座艺术宝库,有出息的作家都能从这座宝库中获取有价值的宝物。延安文艺的本质是人民文艺,延安文艺运动实际是一场民间文艺运动。它的成功经验正是学习民间文艺,其中包括情节、人物、语言、文体形式以及美学风格等。学习民间文学成就突出的是李季、赵树理、高敏夫等诗人作家。延安文艺的辉煌成就对当下文艺创作依然有着借鉴意义。
The folk literature is an art treasure. And ambitious writers can obtain valuable spiritual wealth from this treasure. Yanan literature and art is the essence of the people''s literature and art. And its movement is actually a movement of folk literature and art. It is to learn the successful experience of folklore, including the plot, charac-ters, language, style and aesthetic style, etc.There are some poets and writers, like Li Ji, Zhao Shu-li, Gao Min-fu etc., get outstanding achievement in study of folk literature. The achievements of Yanan literature and art still have reference significance for the present literary creation.

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农民问题是中国革命的首要问题,农民问题的核心是土地问题。中国现代各个不同历史时期的农民小说,几乎都是关于"土"与"改"以及相互关系的文学叙事。丁玲与赵树理是解放区两类作家的代表,同样写土改,《太阳照在桑干河上》与《邪不压正》是两种样态的土改叙事,二人笔下的土改虽各有长处与不同,但其土地意识的缺失却是一致的。
The peasant problem is the primary issue in Chinese revolution , and the core of the peasant problem is the land problem .Most peasant novels in different historical periods of Chinese modern history are literary narratives that talk about “land” and“revolution” as well as the relationship between them .Two writ-ers -Ding Ling and Zhao Shuli -are the representatives of liberated area in two types;they both wrote nar-ratives of land revolution , but The Sun on the Sanggan River and Good Prevails over Evil are land revolution novels of two modes .Although some advantages and differences exist in these two writers ’ compositions , the lack of awareness in land is the same .

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