目的对前期获得的3头转基因牛进行分子生物学评价，包括转基因阳性鉴定、基因及蛋白表达水平的检测，旨在进一步为转基因牛的安全评价提供一些科学依据。方法根据 GenBank 上公布的牛 FABP4基因（GenBank登录号：NM_174314）mRNA序列，利用兼并密码子对现有FABP4基因进行突变，并构建了pEGFP-C1-FABP4真核表达载体、通过细胞转染、体细胞核移植、胚胎移植技术获得3头转基因牛；分别采集了1号转基因牛不同组织样，2、3号转基因牛与野生型个体8、10、12、14月龄的血液样本，利用RT-PCR技术对所获转基因个体的阳性与否进行了鉴定；同时利用荧光定量PCR技术检测了1号转基因牛不同组织中外源性FABP4基因的表达情况，并分析了2、3号转基因牛在8—14月龄之间，外源性FABP4基因、内源性FABP4基因的变化趋势，并通过叠加转基因牛外源与内源性FABP4基因的表达量，分析了转基因牛和非转基因牛FABP4基因的整体表达水平差异；通过Western blotting技术分析了3头转基因牛外源性FABP4基因的蛋白表达水平。结果①对所获得的3头转基因牛RT-PCR检测发现，3头转基因个体各样本均在205 bp处产生条带，而妊娠母牛及阴性对照在205 bp处均未有条带出现，初步表明3头转基因牛均为转基因阳性。

Objective] The objective of this study is to identify 3 transgenic beifers cattle by testing mRNA and protein expression of exogenous FABP4 gene, so as to provide a scientific basis for the further study of the safety of genetically modified cattle.[Method] The bovine FABP4 gene was modified, which was obtained from GenBank (accession No. NM_174314), to form an exogenous FABP4 gene by the degeneracy of synonymous codon. Then the pEGFP-C1-FABP4 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed and transferred into recipient cows by somatic cell nuclear transfer and embryo transfer technology. The No.1 and 2 transgenic animals were born on July 19, 2012 and No.3 individual was on August 1, 2012, but No.1 individual was dead on July 20, 2012. The tissue samples of No.1 transgenic individual and blood samples of No.2&3 transgenic individual andBos Taurus at 8, 10, 12 and, 14 months were collected for identification. The RT-PCR was used to detect whether the transgenic individuals are

转基因技术能够突破种间隔离、实现多基因聚合、按照人类需要改造生物基因组，因而具有广阔的应用发展前景。自从1982年首例转基因动物诞生以来，已先后报道了10余种转基因动物。转基因方法也由早期单一的原核显微注射发展到核移植转基因、病毒载体转基因和基因组编辑技术。转基因目标已由建立动物转基因方法，发展到改良动物生产性能或产品品质、作为生物反应器生产高附加值药用蛋白和培育转基因新品种。文章综述了国内外绵羊转基因技术的研究现状、存在问题和发展趋势，回顾了通过转基因技术培育绵羊新品种或建立动物模型的研究进展，分析了不同转基因方法的技术特点，提出了转基因技术面临的技术障碍和瓶颈问题，尤其对近两年发展起来的基因组编辑技术的特点、发展趋势和应用前景进行了深入探讨。同时，结合中国绵羊转基因技术体系构建工作，分析了构建绵羊转基因技术体系的必要性，总结了中国绵羊转基因技术体系构建的研究现状、技术水平、取得的创新与突破，以及今后的重点发展方向。同时对将来绵羊转基因生物新品种培育潜在的经济、生态和社会效益进行了分析和展望。

Transgenic approach can break-through the barrier of breeds, integrate multiple gene effects and modify the genome based on the requirement of mankind, therefore it exhibits great potentials. Since the first transgenic animal born in 1982, more than ten species of transgenic animals have been reported. The methods to generate transgenic animals were developed from original pronuclear microinjection to nuclear transfer, viral vector transgenesis, and concurrent genome editing. The aims of the transgenic animal are also expanded from establishment of transgenic animal technique to generation of transgenic model, improvement of the productive performance or product quality, as bioreactor to produce high value pharmaceutical proteins, and breeding new animal breeds. Hereby the worldwide approaches, the faced problems, and the tendency to produce transgenic sheep were summarized. The proceedings of generation of transgenic novel breeds or animal models, and the characteristics of

采用Hoagland营养液水培方法,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫条件下,转TaNHX2基因玉米自交系昌7-2和非转基因对照的幼苗生长情况、植株形态和生理指标的差异。结果显示,转基因玉米植株表现出一定的抗逆性,生长状况明显优于对照;随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,转基因和非转基因玉米植株株高、根长、鲜质量、干质量和叶绿素含量逐渐下降,丙二醛含量逐渐上升,但是转基因玉米的变化幅度较小;在几乎所有胁迫浓度下,转基因玉米植株的株高、根长、鲜质量、干质量、叶绿素含量均显著高于非转基因植株,丙二醛含量均比非转基因植株低。以上结果说明,转TaNHX2基因玉米幼苗的耐盐性明显优于非转基因对照。

The growth performance, morphological traits and physiology indices between transgenic and non-transgenic maize seedlings (cv. Chang 7-2) under various concentrations of NaCl stress were investigated by Hoag-land solution culture. The results showed that transgenic maize seedlings exhibited resistance to salt, and their growth performance was superior compared to the non-transgenic seedlings. With the increase of salt concentration, the seedling height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content of both transgenic maize seedlings and non-transgenic controls decreased, and MDA content increased. But the changing ranges of transgenic maize seedlings were relatively narrower. Under almost all stress concentrations, the seedling height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content of transgenic maize seedlings were significantly higher than those of non-transgenic ones, and MDA contents were lower. Therefore, transgenic maize seedlings were apparently mo

随着植物基因工程技术的发展，转基因植物日益增多。与此同时，转基因植物检测技术的不断丰富和完善，促进了转基因植物科学鉴定和评价以及转基因植物商业化种植。笔者在蛋白质表达水平上对检测转基因植株的各种方法及发展状况作一概述和评价。

With the development of plant genetic engineering techniques, numerous genetical y modified plants have been generated. At the same time, the technologies for detecting transgenic organisms get improved constantly, which also promotes the scientific identification, evaluation and commercial cultivation of transgenic plants. In this review, we evaluate various detection methods for transgenic plants at the level of protein expression.

信息不对称的存在使得转基因食品销售者和消费者存在博弈关系。针对转基因食品销售者和消费者的策略选择，运用博弈的分析方法对转基因食品消费市场的稳定状态进行深入分析。研究结果表明，转基因食品监管部门加大对转基因食品销售者不诚信行为的处罚力度和检查频率，转基因食品销售者增大真实标识转基因食品的概率能够使转基因食品销售者与消费者良性互动并逐步达到帕累托最优状态。

Information asymmetry exists in a game relation between GM food production sellers and consumers .By using evolutionary game , the model about the supervision relations between the food enterprises and the supervision department is set up and the steady -state under this condition is analyzed .The analysis indicates that genetically modified food regula-tion game can evolve toward favorable direction if we can improve the effectiveness of regulation supervision , strengthen the punishment for substandard goods and increase the probability of truly labeling genetically modified food .