目的应用不同粒径海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球（AC微球）通过支气管镜对犬肺气道进行封堵,从而通过观察肺的CT改变及病理学变化,证明AC微球能够对犬肺支气管封堵有效性安全.方法家犬20条,雌雄各半,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,通过支气管镜于气道分别置入d=600μm、1000μm、2000μm、3000μm的AC微球,观察犬的一般状况变化,术后2周行胸部CT及病理学检查.结果 B、C组动物封堵后形成有效封堵,肺CT示肺段性不张,炎性改变;病理学检查示肉芽肿且炎性细胞浸润。结论 d=1000-2000μm的AC微球封堵支气管安全、有效。

Objective To observe the lung CT change and the pathological changes by bronchoscopy using different sizes of alginate-chitosan microspheres ( AC microspheres) to block off the airway of dog''s lung, in order to prove the effectiveness and security of AC microspheres. Methods 20 dogs, including half male and female, were randomly divided into the A, B, C and D groups, which were inserted the diameters of 600μm, 1000μm, 2000μm and 3000μm AC microspheres to 4 groups under bronchoscopy. The situations change, chest CT and pathological ex-amination of dogs were observed after two weeks. Results The group B and the group C showed an effective block, and lung CT showed pneumonia and atelectasis. Granulation changes and many inflammatory cells were found by his-topathology. Conclusion AC microspheres ( d=1000-2000 μm) can block bronchus safely and effectively.

目的 利用同步辐射吸收成像技术(SRμCT)观察大鼠脊髓急性损伤后微血管的三维形态学改变.方法 将8只SD大鼠随机均分为损伤组和对照组,损伤组以改良Allen''s打击法建立急性脊髓损伤模型.次日,所有大鼠行升主动脉血管造影术后低温保存脊髓标本.脊髓标本于上海光源利用SRμCT进行图像扫描.结果 SRμCT清晰直观地呈现了脊髓完整的血供网络结构.与对照组对比,损伤组脊髓微血管有明显的缺失、断裂和扭曲,血管数目和直径均有显著下降.损伤组平均血管数目为(77.25±16.80)个,对照组为(168.30±12.79)个;损伤组平均血管直径为(16.270±1.201)μm,对照组为(20.210±1.094) μm.各指标差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 SRμCT可对小动物脊髓微血管三维结构进行高分辨率成像.脊髓内微循环网络结构在急性脊髓损伤后显著破坏,严重影响脊髓局部的供血循环.

Objective Using the synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) to observe the changes of three-dimensional micro-vascular morphology structure after acute spinal cord injury in rat.Methods Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and injury group (n =4).Injury group were deal with improved Allen'' s weight dropping to establish the acute spinal cord injury model.All rats were deal with ascending aorta angiography in the next day.Freezing the specimens for 24 hours and then scanned them in Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Processed and reconstructed the Data to three-dimensional images.Results The SRμCT can show the micro-vascular structure of spinal cord in rat completely and clearly.Combining with control group,we can see the lack and fracture of the micro-vessels of spinal cord in injury group significantly.The number and diameter of the micro-vessels were decreased obviously.The average nu

目的：探讨艾滋病（ AIDS）合并肺结核的CT征象及其与CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数的相关性。方法回顾性分析临床确诊的42例AIDS合并肺结核患者CT扫描资料以及流式细胞仪对CD4＋T淋巴细胞的检测结果，分析CT征象与CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数的关系。结果本组典型肺结核13例（30.95％），CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数（143.15±64.28）个/μl；不典型肺结核29例（69.05％），CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数（72.53±26.55）个/μl，两者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随着CD4＋T淋巴细胞数目的下降，右肺中叶及双肺下叶病变发生率明显增加（ P＜0.05）；CT征象表现为斑片实变影、多发结节影、多发空洞形成、并发淋巴结肿大，与CD4＋T淋巴细胞数目呈负相关（ P＜0.05），单发空洞形成与CD4＋T淋巴细胞数目呈正相关（ P＜0.05）。结论 AIDS合并肺结核患者的CT征象多不典型，这与CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数明显降低有关。

Objective To explore the CT manifestations of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS) com-plicating pulmonary tuberculosis ( PTB) and the correlation between image findings and CD 4+T lymphocytes counts .Methods The CT manifestations of 42 patients with AIDS complicating PTB were analyzed retrospectively .Blood CD4+T lymphocytes were measured by a flow cytometry.The correlation between CT manifestations and CD 4+T lymphocytes counts was analyzed .Results The CD4+T lympho-cytes counts of 13 patients with typical tuberculosis were (143.15 ±64.28 )/μl while CD4+T lymphocytes counts of 29 patients with a-typical tuberculosis were(72.53 ±26.55)/μl.The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).As the number of CD4+T lym-phocytes decreased ,the middle of the right lung and double incidence of pulmonary lower lobe lesions significantly increased ( P <0.05).The incidence of the patching or large consolidation shadows ,multiple nodules,multiple cavity form

目的 探寻后肢去负荷过程中,能够阻止软骨退化的对抗措施.方法 SD大鼠分3组(每组8只):对照组(Con)、尾吊组(TS)、尾吊+被动运动组(TSP).尾吊21天期间,TSP组接受由训练装置提供的被动运动训练.利用μCT与组织切片检测大鼠股骨远端软骨的变化.结果 μCT结果表明,TS与TSP组大鼠股骨远端的关节软骨厚度与Con比明显下降;TS的软骨体积较Con与TSP显著下降,而Con与TSP间没有显著差异;TS与TSP的软骨的衰减系数较Con明显升高.组织切片表明,TS与TSP的软骨厚度较Con明显下降,番红O—固绿染色显示TS与TSP的基质染色程度较Con下降,软骨细胞出现减少的现象.此外,μCT所测厚度与组织切片所测厚度高度相关.结论 大鼠尾吊会导致关节软骨退化,然而被动运动不能有效的阻止尾吊引起的软骨退化.

Objective To explore the effects of passive exercise on counteraction of articular cartilage degeneration in tail-suspended rats.Methods Twenty four female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups(n =8,each):control(Con),tail-suspension(TS),and tail-suspension plus passive motion (TSP).In TS and TSP groups,rat hindlimbs were unloaded for 21 days by tail suspension.During these 21 days,rats of TSP groups carried out the passive motion exercises with a training apparatus.Following,the cartilage thickness,volume and attenuation of the distal femur were evaluated with μCT.Histological analysis was used to assess the surface integrity of cartilage,cartilage thickness and chondrocytes.Results μCT showed that cartilage thickness of the distal femur decreased significantly in TS and TSP groups when compared with Con group.Cartilage volume in the TS group decreased significantly compared with Con and TSP groups.Histology images showed that the degree of matrix sta

目的：利用新型纳米颗粒造影剂结合Micro－CT成像技术，建立小鼠肝脏成像方法，并用于肝脏肿瘤的活体成像。方法6只6～8周龄雄性C57 BL／6 J小鼠随机分成A组和B组，分别尾静脉注射纳米颗粒造影剂ExiTron nano 1200050μL和100μL；在注射前、注射后3 min、24 h、7 d、14 d、28 d和56 d对所有小鼠肝脏进行Mi－cro－CT活体扫描；分别在小鼠肝左叶和肝右叶内选取感兴趣区（ ROI）进行灰度值分析，比较不同时间点肝组织对比度的变化。确定合适的造影剂剂量，尾静脉注射至3只雄性16月龄HBV转基因肝癌模型小鼠（ C组），同上进行Micro－CT活体扫描，并于第56天全部安乐死后取肝脏观察病理学改变。结果 A组和B组小鼠在注射不同浓度造影剂后，冠状位重建图像及肝脏感兴趣区的平均灰度值结果显示：肝脏实质造影后均比注射前明显增强，24 h达到峰值，注射后56 d内，小鼠肝脏感兴趣区的平均灰度值与注射前相比仍维持在较高的水平， B组显著高于A组（P＜0．01），确定后续实验采用B组造影剂剂量（100μL）。 C组注射100μL造影剂后，各时间点均能比较清楚地看到肝脏癌性结节存在，病理学观察发现肝脏出现非典型增生，肿瘤细胞核大，染色质加深和肝细胞坏死。结论利用纳米颗粒造影

Objective To establish an in vivo imaging method of normal or tumorous liver in mice by using a new type nanoparticle contrast agent, ExiTron nano 12000, coupled with micro-CT imaging.Methods Six 6-8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into group A and group group B, by intravenous injection of 50μL and 100μL Ex-iTron nano 12000, respectively.In vivo Micro-CT scans were performed before contrast agent injection, 3 minutes, 24 hours, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after injection.To determine which dose is suitable for long-term studies, gray scale value a-nalysis was performed on selected region of interest ( ROI) in the left lobe and right anterior lobe of the liver, and the chan-ges of liver tissue contrast was monitored after ExiTron nano 12000 injection.Three male HBV transgenic mice bearing liver tumors ( group C) were intravenously injected with the determined dose of ExiTron nano 12000 and were monitored by mi-cro-CT scans as above described.At 56 days after Exi