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双语推荐：“哲学王”

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朱熹与王夫之一个是理学之集大成者,一个是气学之集大成者。两人对理与气的不同推崇通过理气观、道器观、有无观和动静观全面展示出来,恰成对立之势。这种对立并非偶然,而是作为早期启蒙思想家的王夫之自觉批判理学的结果,他的哲学建构便是对朱熹哲学形上根基的颠覆。有鉴于此,朱熹与王夫之的哲学不仅表明了两人哲学的差异,而且直观地展示了宋明理学与早期启蒙思潮的分歧。
Zhu Xi was a master on Neo-Confucianism, while Wang Fuzhi was one on“Qi” study. Their different praise of “Li” and “Qi” were fully suggested by their opinions on “Li and Qi”, “Dao and Qi”, “You and Wu”, “Dong and Jing”, which have been composed of contradictions. Such contradictions were not by chance, but the result of Wang Fuzhi’s criticizing Neo-Confucianism as an early enlightenment thinker and his philosophical construction as the overturning of Zhu Xi’s metaphysical basis. As far as these are concerned, their philosophical thoughts suggest not only their different opinions on philosophy but also the divergence between Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism and early enlightenment thoughts.

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＂哲学王＂思想是柏拉图思想体系中关于政治哲学的核心学说,是柏拉图在城邦失序的大背景下提出的改造城邦、建立理想国家的一次伟大尝试。该学说强调王者要用哲学思维和知识去统摄政治,从而引导国家健康、有序发展。而对洞穴比喻的解读就是以形象生动的方式来表达哲学王统治下的社会所独有的人文精神和价值。深度挖掘和分析该学说,将更全面、更系统地呈现这份宝贵的精神财富,也将为建设和谐社会提供有益的借鉴。
The thought of "philosopher king" is one of the kernels of Plato''s political philosophy .It was a great attempt at transforming cities and establishing an ideal state in the context of polis disor-der .This doctrine emphasizes that the king should use philosophical thinking and knowledge to gov-ern politics in order to guide an orderly and healthy development of countries .The interpretation of Plato''s Cave-Metaphor vividly shows the unique humanistic spirit and value under the political gover-ning of philosopher king .Based on different view s the paper analyses this in order to provide the pre-cious spiritual wealth for the construction of harmonious society .

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哲学王是柏拉图政治哲学思想中的核心观念,是其在天下失序的背景之下构建的关于理想城邦的政治蓝图,该学说强调王者要用哲学智慧和哲学家具备的品质去治理城邦,从而引导城邦健康、有序发展。内圣外王思想是儒家文化的精髓,是古代中国修身为政的最高理想,哲学王与内圣外王思想两者都作为一种人格理想和政治宏图,具有一定的可比性。
Plato''s philosopher-king is the the core concepts of political philosophy . This idea is the political blueprint on which an ideal city-state is built under the background of world disorder. It emphasizes the philosophical wisdom and philosopher king shaucd be use as the qualities to govern the city-state, in order to guide Polis healthy and orderly development. Saint and King of thinking is the essence of Confucian culture. Ancient Chinese self-cultivation is the highest ideal governance, Both the king and the Saint and philosophical ideas are king and political ideals as an ambitious personality, with some comparability.

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20世纪初,面对东西文化的冲突与融合的趋势,杨昌济开始了融合东西哲学,改造中国传统哲学的尝试,并提出了＂合东西两洋之文明一炉而冶之＂的＂合冶＂思想。杨昌济的＂合冶＂思想是以王夫之的哲学为主要研究对象,旁及朱子百家、宋明理学和谭嗣同的哲学思想来构建自己的哲学体系,这一哲学体系主要包括,融合东西客观唯心主义的＂世界本体论＂;引进西方哲学中的＂自我实现＂说,来诠释王夫之哲学中的＂造命论＂;引进培根哲学中的＂实验科学＂,来改造王夫之哲学中的＂知行观＂;比较中印哲学,吸取佛学精华等内容。杨昌济提出的对＂东西两洋文明＂的＂合冶＂思想及具体的重建工作,为青年毛泽东＂先中后西,先内后外＂、对东西文化兼蓄文化观的形成,以及把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命的具体实践相结合的毛泽东思想的形成,提供了宝贵的思想借鉴和新的思想起点。
At the beginning of 20th Century, in the face of conflict between Chinese and Western culture and the integration trend, Yang Changji began the integration of Chinese and western philosophy to reform the traditional philosophy, and put forward the “two-civilization-integration thought”. Yang Changji’s “integration” thought took Wang Fuzhi’s philosophy as the main object of research, and regarded to schools of Zhuzi and Newton’s philosophy to build his own system of philosophy, a philosophical system mainly including: “the integration of Chinese and western, objective idealism world ontology”; “the introduction of western philosophy of self realization say”, “interpretation making the life theory of Wang Fuzhi by introducing Bacon’s experimental science,” “comparison of Chinese and Indian philosophy to absorb the essence of Buddhism, etc. Yang Changji put forwarded to Chinese and western’s civilization “interpretation” thought and specific reconstruction work

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“哲学王”思想是柏拉图在“天下失序”的大背景下提出的一种“治序”理论。作为真理的追求者和知识的拥有者,“哲学王”通过对善的理念即最高知识的掌握,悉心照料公民的心灵,指导领导者自身和公民美德的养成,由此实现智慧领导。
The idea of Philosopher-King is a theory of governance order put forward by Plato under the background of world disorder. As a pursuer of truth and a possessor of knowledge, Philosopher-King masters the highest knowledge- the idea of good, tends the souls of the citizens, leads both the leaders and the citizens to cultivate virtues, and thus realizes the wisdom leadership.

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王夫之在诗学理论与美学理论等方面自成一家，具有独特的见解和风格。提到诗学理论，他的诗话作品中选了较多谢灵运的诗歌并加以评点。王夫之在自己独特的哲学观的观照下，使用哲学的观点来评点谢灵运诗歌，这与文学史上众多诗评家截然不同，其中使用了“势”、“神理”等概念，所以对王夫之的诗评方法进行分析探究能够拓展谢灵运诗歌接受的多元性。
Wang Fu-zhi ,known for his individual theory of poem and art ,has his own unique comprehension and style in com-menting poetries .Referring to the theory of poem ,he selects many works of Xie Ling-yun on which he makes comments and turns them into his own poetry works .Influenced by his unique philosophical ideas ,he comments Xie''s poetry in a view of phi-losophy ,which is totally different with other poetry critics ,and among his comments ,he quotes the concepts of tendency and emotion and scene and so on .Therefore ,making a thorough inquiry on how Wang Fu-zhi commenting poetries could broaden our understanding of the diversity of the acceptance of Xie''s poetries .

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西田哲学是以东方思想特别是禅佛教为基础、西方哲学思想为素材，用西方哲学的方法创立的一种融合东西方思想的哲学体系。将其置于世界场域中与其他哲学进行比较研究是非常必要的。本文着重阐释西田哲学体系基础之“实在论”，分析王阳明“良知”学说对西田的精神提撕作用，并通过“统一力”与“良知”等概念的对比，考察西田哲学及其与阳明学的关系。
Nishita’s philosophy is based on the oriental thoughts,especially on Zen Buddhism,and takes western thoughts as its materials.It is a philosophy system that integrates the eastern and western thoughts crea-ted with the western philosophical methods and logic.Actually it is necessary to place his philosophy in a“world field”for a comparative study with other kinds of philosophy.The present paper focuses on an interpretation of Nishita’s idea “on reality”,an analysis of the key function of conscience theory in Nishita’s philosophy,and an examination of the relationship of his philosophy with the philosophical thought of Wang Yangming based on a comparison of the concepts such as “unification”and “conscience”.

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王国维对旷世命题——“可信者不可爱，可爱者不可信”的求索，借助的是一种存在论哲学(美学)思维范式。这种思维范式立足于西方现代非理性主义直观说，并吸纳了感悟体验等本土资源进行现代性转换和再造，重构了一种具有潜哲学和超美学形态的“感悟诗学”，以参悟生命的诗性哲思解答了存在的意义。王氏对“可信”“可爱”的探求，是从实践本体论哲学走向个体生存论美学的必然结果。
Wang Guowei interpretated “Trusted not lovely, lovely untrustworthy” by using an ontologe philosophy (aesthetics) thiking paradigm, which was based on non-rationalism intuitive theory. It absorbed feeling experience theory and constructed the “empathic poetics”. The thinking paradigm was the corollary originated from the practice of ontological philosophy to the individual survival theory of aesthetics.

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20世纪初,面对中西文化的冲突与融合的趋势,杨昌济开始了融合中西文明,改造中国传统哲学的尝试,提出了"合东西两洋之文明一炉而冶之"的"合冶"思想。杨昌济的"合冶"思想是以王夫之哲学思想为主要研究对象,旁及朱子百家、宋明理学和谭嗣同的哲学思想来构建自己的哲学体系,这一哲学体系主要包括,融合中西客观唯心主义的"世界本体论";引进西方哲学中的"自我实现"说,来诠释王夫之哲学中的"造命论";引进培根认识论中实验科学,来改造王夫之哲学的"知行观";比较中印哲学,吸取佛学精华等具体内容。杨昌济提出的对东西两洋之文明的"合冶"思想及具体的重建工作,为青年毛泽东形成"先中后西,先内后外"、对中西文化有选择吸收的文化观,并为他后来构建自己的思想理论,把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命的具体实践相结合,提供了思想借鉴和思想起点,也是毛泽东后来推动马克思主义中国化的传统文化源泉。
At the beginning of the 20th Century,faced with the integration as well as the conflict trend between the Chinese culture and the Western culture,Yang Changji began trying to integrate the Chinese civilization with the western civilization and to modify the traditional Chinese philosophy.He put forward the precious thought of integrating the Chinese civilization with the western civilization.He takes the thoughts of Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692)(a Chinese thinker and philosopher )as his research object.He constructs his philosophical system by absorbing the philosophical thoughts of the Hundred Schools of Thought,Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties,and the thoughts of Tan Sitong (a Chinese bourgeois statesman and thinker of modern times).Yang Changj i''s philosophical system mainly includes “the world ontology",which integrates the Chinese and western obj ective idealism;his system introduces “the theory of self realization" in western philosophy

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王夫之情景相生论的提出，根源于其主客认识论、天人观和心物观。王夫之的情景相生论正是由此为哲学依据，从而实现了其在诗学理论方面的创新。
The root of Wang Fuzhi''s theory of intergeneration of emotion and scenery is his epistemology of subjectivity and ob-jectivity ,his viewpoints of the relationships of nature and human being ,subjective perception and objective things .On the ba-sis of the philosophies ,he innovated in his poetic theories .

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