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双语推荐：《Q》

目的：研究乙肝病毒/黄曲霉毒素B1双暴露相关性肝细胞性肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）染色体遗传学畸变的特点。方法将32例手术切除经病理证实为HCC的癌组织，按照乙肝病毒与黄曲霉毒素的暴露情况分为4个亚组：A组为HBV（+）/AFB1（+）10例；B组为HBV（+）/AFB1（-）10例；C组为HBV（-）/AFB1（+）6例；D组为HBV（-）/AFB1（-）6例。应用微阵列比较基因组杂交技术（Array CGH）检测分析其22对染色体DNA拷贝数的变化。结果32例HCC样本中，共发现573个染色体畸变区段（chromosomal aberrations，CNAs）。其中1q、4p、5p、6p、7p、8q、10p、17q、20p、20q和X主要表现为扩增区段；1p、2q、4q、8p、9p、10q、11q、13q、14q、16p、16q、17p、19p、19q、21q、22q和Y主要表现为缺失区段。同时，共检测出25个染色体发生高频畸变的区段（recurrently altered regions，RARs)，其中1q21.1-q44、5p13.2-p15.3、6p12.1-p25.2、7q11.2-q35、8q11.2-q24.3、17q12-q25.2、18q12.3-q22.3和 X 为高频率扩增区段，而1p31.1-p36.2、2q23.2-q37.2、4q12-q35.2、6q14.1-q26、8p12-p23.2、9p21.1-p24.2、10q21.3-q26.2、13q12.1-q21.1、14q21.3-q32.2、16p12.1-p13.2、16q12.1-q24.1、17p12-p13.3、19p13.1-p13.3、19q13.2-q13.4、21q21.3-q22.2、22q11.2-q13.2和Y染色体为高频缺失区段。8p12-p23.2缺失的发生率在进展期HCC(TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)中明显高于早期HCC (TNM分期为I~II期)（P=0.038）。4q12-q35.2、13q12.1-q21.1的缺失及7q21.1-q35的扩增发生率在A组中最高。Cox模型分析结果示：在单因素分析中AFP水平、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、BCLC分期、侵袭与转移的发生、8p12-p23.2的缺失以及19p13.1-p13.

Objective To investigate genetic changes in individuals that may influence development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV)and exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Method Patients with HCC were divided into four groups based on HBV infection and AFB1 exposure status:HBV(+)/AFB1(+),n=10;HBV(+)/AFB1(-),n=10;HBV(-)/AFB1(+), n=6;HBV(-)/AFB1(-),n=6.Array-based comparative genomic hybridization(Array CGH)was carried out on tumor tissue to identify genome-wide genetic changes. Result Among all 32 tissue samples,573 CNAs were identified,comprising 184 gains and 389 losses. Frequent gains were observed in the following regions:1q,4p,5p,6p,7p,8q,10p,17q,20p,20q and X.Frequent losses were observed in the following regions:1p,2q,4q,8p,9p,10q,11q,13q,14q,16p,16q,17p,19p,19q,21q,22q and Y.A total of 25 RARs were de-tected:8 RAR gains were 1q21.1-q44,5p13.2-p15.3,6p12.1-p25.2,7q21.1-q35,8q11.2-q24.3,17q12-q25.2,18q12.3-q22.3 and X;17 RARs losses were 1p31.1-p36.2,2q23.

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提出一个具有随机性的伪分形无标度网络,其中含有可调参数q.利用率方程方法,给出了网络的集群系数C（q）,并当q=2、q=3和q=4时,计算了C（q）的具体值,说明了网络是高集群的.

A random pseudofractal scale-free web which contains a tunable parameter q is proposed. Make use of Rate-equation approach, the clustering coefficient C(q ) of the network is provided. More specifically, the value of C (q ) is wor-ked out when q=2、q=3 and q=4, the results show that the networks exhibit large clustering coefficient.

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得到了Heisenberg群上的广义Littlewood-Paley算子g*ψ,λ从H˙Kα,p q(Hn)空间到˙Kα,p q(Hn)空间的有界性,其中Q(1-1/q)αQ(1-1/q)+1.当α=Q(1-1/q)+1时,得到算子g*ψ,λ从H˙Kα,p q(Hn)空间到W˙Kα,p q(Hn)空间的有界性.

In this paper, the boundedness of generalized Littlewood-Paley operators g*ψ,λfrom space H˙Kα,pq (Hn) to space˙Kα,pq (Hn) is proved where Q(1-1/q) 6α

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调Q技术是实现小型CO2激光器短脉冲输出的重要手段，近年来随着短脉冲CO2激光器在激光测距、测速、成像雷达、环境探测、空间通讯及激光与物质相互作用等领域应用需求的不断增长，激光调Q技术越来越受到国内外专家的关注而成为红外激光技术的研究热点之一。本文就目前用于CO2激光器中实现短脉冲输出的5种主要调Q技术（机械调Q技术、电光调Q技术、声光调Q技术、被动调Q技术、复合调Q技术）的国内外发展历程和现状进行了综合评述，总结分析了各种方法的关键技术和存在的问题，并简要分析了该技术的未来发展趋势。

Short-pulse CO2 laser has significant applications in many fields such as laser ranging , environmen-tal detection , space communication and laser interaction with matter .Q-switch techniques are important ap-proach for generating short-pulse CO2 laser and have been extensively studied by researchers .Main Q-switch techniques for CO2 laser are reviewed in this paper , including mechanical Q-switch, electro-optically Q-switch, acousto-optically Q-switch, passively Q-switch and double Q-switch.The key technical points and problems of each Q-switch technique are summarized and analyzed .In addition, the tendencies of Q-switch techniques for CO 2 laser are proposed .

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设n,q,s是正整数,满足1≤sq≤n,g.c.d.(q,s)=1,且q+s≥n+1.定义有向图D n,q,s=(V,E),其中V={1,2,…,n},E={(i,i+1)1≤i≤n-1}∪{(s,1),(n,n-q+1)}.显然,D n,q,s是本原有向图,且是一类重要的极图.运用了数论和图论的方法得到了Dn,q,s的scrambling指数,根据本原有向图D的本原指数exp(D)与scrambling指数k(D)的已知结论,猜想lim n→∞k(D)exp(D)=1/2.

Let n,q,s be integers,1≤s

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研究了BL代数的区间值（∈，∈∨ q）-模糊滤子理论。在BL代数中引入区间值（∈，∈∨ q）-模糊对合滤子和区间值（∈，∈∨ q）-模糊结合滤子两类新概念，获得了它们的几个等价刻画。详细讨论了BL代数中各类区间值（∈，∈∨ q）-模糊滤子间的关系，证明了一个区间值模糊集为区间值（∈，∈∨ q）-模糊布尔（关联）滤子当且仅当它既是区间值（∈，∈∨ q）-模糊正关联滤子又是区间值（∈，∈∨ q）-模糊对合滤子的结论。

The theory of interval valued (∈,∈∨q)-fuzzy filters in BL-algebras is studied systematically.Firstly,two notions of interval valued (∈,∈∨q)-fuzzy involution filters and interval valued (∈,∈∨q)-fuzzy associative filters are introduced and some characterizations of them are obtained.Secondly,the relations among all kinds of interval val-ued (∈,∈∨ q)-fuzzy filters are discussed.It is proved that an interval valued fuzzy set is an interval valued (∈,∈∨ q)-fuzzy Boolean (implicative)filter if and only if it is both an interval valued (∈,∈∨ q)-fuzzy positive im-plicative and an interval valued (∈,∈∨ q)-fuzzy involution filter.

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设H为无限维Hilbert空间,A为H中的有界线性算子,A(2)P,Q表示A的(P,Q)外广义逆,其中P,Q为H中的幂等算子。利用算子分块技巧给出了A(2)P,Q存在的等价条件及具体表示,同时讨论了A(2)P,Q自反的条件。结合一个例子说明了A(2)P,Q的计算方法。

Let H be infinite Hilbert space. For any bounded linear operator A in H,and A(2)(P,Q)is(P,Q)outer gener-alized inverse of A,where P,Q are idempotent operators in H. By the method of operational partitioning,the exist-ence and the explicit expression for A(2)(P,Q) are derived. Also,the reflexive law of A(2)(P,Q) is considered;As an applica-tion,a numerical example is given.

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将(?'?úq(λ'μ))-模糊代数应用于格蕴涵代数，提出了点态化(?'?úq(λ'μ))-模糊素滤子和(λ'μ)-模糊素滤子的概念，并从以下几个方面对(?'?úq(λ'μ))-模糊素滤子进行了详细的研究：讨论了(?'?úq(λ'μ))-模糊素滤子和(λ'μ)-模糊素滤子的等价关系；研究了(?'?úq(λ'μ))-模糊素滤子的相关性质；得到了特定条件下(?'?úq(λ'μ))-模糊素滤子的若干等价刻画，建立了(?'?úq(λ'μ))-模糊素滤子的扩张定理；探讨了(?'?úq(λ'μ))-模糊素滤子的同态像与同态原像。

By applying (?''? úq(λ''μ))-fuzzy algebras to lattice implication algebras, this paper introduces the concepts of the pointwise (?''? úq(λ''μ))-fuzzy prime filter and (λ''μ)-fuzzy prime filter, and carries out a detailed investigation on the (?''? úq(λ''μ))-fuzzy prime filter from the following aspects:discussing the equivalence relationship between (?''? úq(λ''μ))-fuzzy prime filter and (λ''μ)-fuzzy prime filter; studying the related properties of (?''? úq(λ''μ))-fuzzy prime filter;with certain conditions, giving some equivalent descriptions of the (?''? úq(λ''μ))-fuzzy prime filter and establishing the extension theorem of (?''? úq(λ''μ))-fuzzy prime filter; investigating the homomorphic image and homomorphic preimage of (?''? úq(λ''μ))-fuzzy prime filter.

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目的探讨染色体2q31.1(rs12621278,G)、3q21.3(rs10934853,C)、4q2(rs17021918,T)、4q2(rs7679673,C)及6q25.3(rs9364554,T)与前列腺癌患病风险的相关性.方法采用病例-对照设计,选取前列腺癌患者124例为病例组.年龄(74.8±6.4)岁.PSA(46.73±148.17) μg/L.患者均经组织病理学检查确诊.对照组138例,选自常规体检人群.年龄(69.9±7.9)岁.PSA(1.36±1.17)μg/L,均无前列腺癌家族史.收集患者临床表型及遗传背景等信息,用聚合酶链式反应-高分辨率熔解曲线结合DNA测序技术,检测两组单核苷酸多态性位点(SNP)2q31.1(rs12621278,G)、3q21.3(rs10934853,C)、4q2(rs17021918,T)、4q2(rs7679673,C)和6q25.3(rs9364554,T)的基因型及等位基因频率的分布情况,探讨各基因与肿瘤分期、Gleason评分、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、危险度分级等临床特征之间的关系.结果病例组和对照间组间染色体2q31.1(rs12621278,G)、3q21.3(rs10934853,C)、4q2(rs17021918,T)、4q2(rs7679673,C)和6q25.3(rs9364554,T)的基因型及等位基因频率的分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组中由4q2(rs17021918,T)和4q2(rs7679673,C)组成的CC单倍型分布差异有统计学意义(OR=1.68,95％ CI=1.03～2.76,P=0.0

Objective To explore the association between the common variations of 2q31.1 (rs12621278,G),3q21.3 (rs10934853,C),4q2 (rs17021918,T),4q2 (rs7679673,C),6q25.3 (rs9364554,T) and prostate cancer (PCa) in Beijing urban crowd,and to understand the relationship in PCa patients in the genes type and clinical,genetic,dietary habits,hobbies,age and so on.Methods A case-control method was performed,consisting of 124 patients with prostate cancer and 138 PCa-free healthy controls with age and gender matched.Information with PCa patient clinical,genetic,dietary habits,hobbies,age and so on were collected.PCR-HRM was used to determine the distribution of allele and genotype frequency of 2q31.1 (rs12621278,G),3q21.3 (rs10934853,C),4q2 (rs17021918,T),4q2 (rs7679673,C),6q25.3 (rs9364554,T).Results There was no obverse distribution of difference in those five SNPs'' allele or genotype frequency (P ＞ 0.05).A CC haplotype which composed of 4q2(rs17021918,T) and 4q2 (rs7679673,C) was obverse di

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连词“尽管”具有反向条件标示功能，其关联的P与后续句Q之间存在着条件关系，而且P不利于Q的出现。 Q必须是确定性的，一般是陈述句，Q中有时可以不出现表示转折关系的词语。在表达过程中,“尽管”与“虽然”的视角不同，P、Q之间的语义关系不同，语用功能等方面也存在着差异。

The conjunction “Jinguan”has the marking function of the reverse condition , the conditional relation exists the correlative P and the follow-up sentence Q, and P goes against the emergence of Q. Q must be definitive; generally it is a declarative sentence. Furthermore, Q can sometimes not present words which mark the adversative relationship. With the different perspectives of “Jingguan”and “Suiran”, and there exists difference in the semantic relations and pragmatic functions of P and Q.