为准确地研究高速列车运行产生的环境振动，从列车运动平衡方程出发，结合轨道弯曲方程，推导不平顺条件下的列车动荷载简化解析表达。以推导的列车振动荷载作为输入，利用2.5维有限元法，研究不同列车运行速度下不平顺幅值和波长对地基振动的影响。分析结果表明：不平顺波长与列车运行速度一定时，不平顺幅值越大，引起的轮轨作用力和地基振动加速度越大；不平顺幅值与列车运行速度一定时，不平顺波长越长，引起的动态轮轨力及地基振动加速度越小。

In order to precisely study the environmental vibration generated by high-speed train,based on the equilibrium equation of the trains,combined with the track bending equation,a simplified analytical expression for train dynamic load is derived considering geometric irregularities. Then,the deduced train dynamic load is input to analyze the influences of wavelength and amplitude on ground vibration by 2.5D finite element method(FEM). The results show that:the wheel-rail force and ground vibration acceleration enlarge with the increasing track irregularity amplitude considering the irregularity wavelength and train speed as constant values. The wheel-rail force and ground vibration acceleration decrease with the increasing track irregularity wavelength considering the irregularity amplitude and train speed as constant values.

轨道不平顺的波长、幅值不同，对车辆-轨道动力响应所起的激扰作用也不同。高速客运专线行车速度高，在严格实行轨道不平顺幅值管理与均值管理基础上，必须考虑轨道不平顺波长对车-轨-桥动力性能的影响，其中轨道不平顺幅值控制较为容易，但波长控制相对更为复杂。基于此，本文利用车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合振动有限元分析模型，以德国高速低干扰轨道不平顺样本作为轨道不平顺激励模型，分析轨道不平顺波长对我国高速客运专线高架轨道结构振动的影响规律。研究结果表明：轨道不平顺对轮轨力的影响不仅体现在幅值上，轨道不平顺的波长分布特性也是影响轮轨相互作用的主要因素之一。轮轨力、钢轨振动加速度、轨道板振动加速度、桥梁振动加速度受随机不平顺的短波长成分的影响显著；减少轨道不平顺中1m左右的短波长成分是降低轮轨力、控制轨道结构振动响应的有效手段；钢轨振动加速度级、轨道板振动加速度级、桥梁振动加速度级受轨道不平顺短波长成分影响也较大。

Different wavelengths and altitudes of track irregularities will produce different impacts on vehicle-track coupled system. For passenger-dedicated line with high-speed running,besides strict control of track irregularity altitudes the management of track irregularity wavelengths should be considered since the control of track irregularities wavelength is much more complicated. By using vehicle-track-bridge finite element model, this study probes into the impact of track irregularity wavelengths on elevated structure of high-speed line. The results showe that:1 Not only irregularity altitude but also irregularity wavelengths produce impact on wheel-rail interaction forces. 2 The impact of short wavelength track irregularities on wheel-rail interaction forces, steel rail vibration acceleration,track slab acceleration and viaduct acceleration are prominent. Reducing short wavelength track irregularities component is effective for decreasing wheel-rail interaction forces. 3 The short wave

功率谱密度函数可以从波长和幅值两方面反应接触线不平顺的特征和规律，是研究接触线不平顺状态的重要工具。本文以我国多条高速铁路线路的接触线垂向不平顺实测数据为基础，采用最大熵谱估计得到接触线不平顺实测功率谱，并提出一种普适性强、结构简单的不平顺线谱模型。研究结果表明：我国高速铁路线路的PSD最值均小于0.01 m2／m－1，接触线整体不平顺状态较好；随机不平顺中含有的周期性简谐波成分，波长主要为单倍跨距和单倍吊弦距；文中建立的接触线不平顺线谱新模型参数少、普适性强、拟合效果优，并给出该模型参数的非线性最小二乘估算结果。

Power spectral density function is an important tool for studying the state of unevenness . It reflects the characteristics and laws of contact wire unevenness in wavelength and amplitude . The contact wire uneven‐ness was measured in this paper . And maximum entropy spectrum estimation was applied for the power spec‐tral density . A new unevenness spectrum model with universality and concise form was putted forward . The results indicate that ,the condition of contact wires is good ,as the maximum of PSD is lower than 0.01 m2/m-1 .Pe‐riodic wave is contained in the contact wire unevenness . The main wavelengths are span length and dropper spacing . The new unevenness spectrum model has the advantages of few parameters , much applicability and excellent fitting effect . The parameters of new model were estimated by nonlinear least square method .

针对数据异常值、低频趋势项以及里程漂移三方面偏差展开分析,采用拉依达准则、轨道不平顺变化率法、EMD高通滤波法和灰色关联度法对检测数据偏差进行处理。结果表明:去除异常值时应首选轨道不平顺变化率法;采用EMD高通滤波的方法可以有效地去除轨道不平顺检测数据中低频趋势项;灰色关联度的方法可以较好地解决多次检查数据里程漂移的问题。最后,采用MATLAB的GUI开发轨道不平顺预处理模块软件,实例分析证明了该软件的有效性。建议推广使用这些数据预处理方法,以提高我国轨道状态养护维修效率和管理技术水平。

Three kinds of deviation,outliers,the low frequency trend term and mileage drift,were analyzed in this paper.PauTa rule,changing rate method of track irregularity,empirical mode decomposition approach and gray correlation analysis method were applied to process deviation of measured data.The results show that track irregularity changing rate method is the best way to remove outliers,and empirical mode decomposition approach is the best way to eliminate the low frequency trend term,while gray correlation analysis way is the best means to resolve mileage drift.At last,preprocessing software of track irregularity measured data was exploited by using GUI technology of MATLAB.The example shows the validity of the developed software.It is recommended that these data preprocessing methods should be popularized in order to improve the efficiency and management level of maintenance and repair of the rail track.

为研究弹性车体振动对车桥系统动力响应影响，将车体视为两端自由的均质等截面欧拉梁、转向架及轮对视为刚体，利用模态叠加法考虑简支梁变形，用轮轨密贴接触假设建立单车通过多跨简支梁的车桥系统动力学方程，并用 Newmark －β数值积分法求解系统动力响应。以一系列正弦不平顺为系统激励，研究不平顺激扰下弹性车体共振与消振现象。结果表明，弹性振动主要改变车体的振动量，对桥梁振动反馈作用较小；弹性车体共振被激发时其动力响应被显著放大，共振速度由车辆定距与车体弹性自振频率决定；因存在轴距滤波，当不平顺波长满足弹性车体消振发生条件时车体动力响应被显著抑制。

To investigate the effect of flexible car body vibration on the dynamic responses of vehicle-bridge system, the dynamic analysis model of a vehicle with flexible car body moving over multi-span bridge was established,and the dynamic responses of the system was computed by Newmark-βmethod.In the model,the car body was regarded as an Euler beam with both ends free,and the bogie and wheel set were regarded as rigid.The multi-span bridge was regarded as a series of simple bridges and the vibration of the bridge was determined by using modal superposition method.The vehicle and bridge were linked under the wheel-rail corresponding assumption.A series of irregularities were chosen as the system excitation,and the resonance and vibration cancellation of the flexible car body were analyzed.The calculation results show that the vibration of the flexible car body has some effect on the car body dynamic responses,but shows little feedback to the bridge vibration.The flexible resonances